classification of class mammalia pptx

7/23/2019 Classification of Class Mammalia Pptx

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CLASSIFICATION OFCLASS : MAMMALIA


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Class Mammalia


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ORIGIN

Class Mammalia - Late Triassic to Recent

Superorder Tricodonta - Late Triassic to Late Cretaceous (251-66million ears a!o"

Superorder Multitu#erculata - Late $urassic to %arl Oli!ocene (2&1-2' million ears a!o"

Superorder Monotremata - %arl Cretaceous to Recent (1 6 million

ears a!o to present"Superorder Metat)eria (Marsupials" - Late Cretaceous to Recent (1&&million ears a!o to present"

Superorder %ut)eria (*lacentals" - Late Cretaceous to Recent 1&&million ears a!o to present"


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OUTLINE CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSMAMMALIA(Storer and Usinger , 195 !

Class M+MM+LI+

S, CL+SS

*ROTOT.%RI+ +LLOT.%RI+ T.%RI+Order/ Monotremata (%0tinct"%0/ uc #ill plat pus IN3R+

%c)idna CL+SS

*+NTOT.%RI+ M%T+T.%RI+ %,T.%RI+ (%0tinct" (*ouc)ed mammals" (*lacental

%0/ 4an!aroo" mammals"

1 orders


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S"# $lass :%&OTOT'E&IA T)ese are primiti e orms t)at possess #ot)

reptilian and mammalian eatures %0/ uc #illplat pus and %c)idna

Reptilian eatures %0ternal pinnae a#sent rain is comparati el primiti e7 t)ere is no corpus

callosum *ectoral !irdle )as lar!e corocoid #one and inter-

cla icle O iparous or la lar!e cleidoic e!! 8it) lar!e

amount o ol Common openin!- cloaca present Testes are a#dominal


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Mammalian eatures od co ered 8it) )air *resence o diap)ra!m

T)ree ear ossicles 9malleus7 incus and stapespresent *resence o mammar !lands 3our c)am#ered )eart rain 8it) our optic lo#es-corpora :uadri!emina

,ni:ue 3eatures Mammar !lands do not )a e nipples or teats +dults )a e a )orn #ea 7teet) are a#sent


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"$) #ill *lat+*"s


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E$ idna


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INF&A CLASS : METAT'E&IA(%o"$ ed Mammals!

Includes mammals t)at possess a pouc) %0/ 4an!aroo7opossum7 oalas

Most marsupials are ound toda in +ustralasia(2&& species"and t)e rest are usuall ound in Sout) and Central +merica;

3eatures/ < =ell de eloped marsupium or #rood pouc) present in emales < %0ternal ear or pinna present


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In-ra $lass Metat eria./$ont0d

T)e oun! ones )a e a s)ort intra-uterine period and t)e are #orn in

an immature )elpless condition7t)e are t)en nursed in t)emarsupium or a#out t)ree mont)s;T)e epi pu#ic #one or marsupial#one is usuall present attac)ed tot)e pu#ic #one7it supports t)emarsupium;


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Metat erians

4an!arooRed 4an!aroo

Opossum4oala


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INF&A CLASS :EUT'E&IA(%la$ental Mammals!

Marsupial pouc) a#sentMammar !lands 8ell de eloped 8it) teats*inna or e0ternal ears presentCorpus callosum 8ell de elopedSeparate anus and urino-!enital apertures?a!ina in emales and penis in malespresent%!! small 8it) least amount o ol?i iparous 8it) allantoic placenta@oun! #orn in ad anced sta!e7lon!!estation period%ut)eria )as 1 orders


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Order : INSECTI O&ASmall si>ed primiti e mammals 7 #od co ered # spines or ur Small si>ed7 mostl nocturnal 8it) elon!ated snout and teet)adapted or insecti orous diet 7 terrestrial- man #urro8in! in!round 7 e8 ar#oreal or a:uaticMost insecti ores )a e an e0cellent sense o smell7 touc)7 and)earin!7 #ut )a e a poor sense o si!)t; T)e li e in a 8ide

ariet o )a#itats7 rom streams to open meado8s to deepunder!round .T)e )a e complete dentition7 num#er o teet) t pical 7teet)are small7 s)arp and pointed 8it) incisors7 canines and premolars poorl di erentiated3eet are i e toed eac) di!it end in a cla8

rain is small7 t)ere are no con olutions on t)e cere#ral corte0Numerous mammar !lands alon! t)e entral sur ace 8it) teatsTestes are a#dominal7 not in scrotal sacs3emale !i es #irt) to t8o to se en oun! ones at a time;Gestation period is t8ent to ort da s


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Inse$ti2ora ..../$on0tCommon s)re8

Mole

Tree s)re8

.ed!e )o!


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Order: C'I&O%TE&A

Includes true l in! mammals 8)ic) are nocturnal7 A&B o #atsconsume insects7 s)arin! a lar!e part o natural pest control;T)ere are also ruit-eatin! #ats nectar-eatin! #ats carni orous#ats t)at pre on small mammals7 #irds7 li>ards and ro!s is)-eatin! #ats7 and t)e #lood-suc in! ampire #ats o Sout)+merica;3ore lim#s are modi ied into 8in!s or pata!ium -a old o s int)at e0tends rom ore lim# to )ind lim# or tailSternum )as eel or attac)ment o li!)t muscles% es are small 7sense o si!)t poor7 pinna is 8ell de eloped8it) ear lea es %c)o-location !reatl de eloped ;Some #ats )a e e ol ed a)i!)l sop)isticated sense o )earin!; T)e emit sounds t)at#ounce o o o#Dects in t)eir pat)7 sendin! ec)oes #ac to t)e#ats; 3rom t)ese ec)oes7 t)e #ats can determine t)e si>e oo#Dects7 )o8 ar a8a t)e are7 )o8 ast t)e are tra elin! ande en t)eir te0ture7 all in matter o a second


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Order C iro*tera....$ont0d

.ind lim#s are 8ea 7 nees directed #ac 8ards7 8it)cla8ed di!its t)at )elps in clin!in! to su#stratum upsidedo8n

Mammar !lands 8it) teats are t)oracic in position

T)e produce onl one or some times t8o oun! ones3or t)eir si>e7 #ats are t)e slo8est reproducin!

mammals on %art); +t #irt)7 a pup 8ei!)s up to 25percent o its mot)erEs #od 8ei!)t7 O sprin! t picallare cared or in maternit colonies7 8)ere emalescon!re!ate to #ear and raise t)e oun!; Male #ats do not)elp to raise t)e pups


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Order C)iroptera is di ided into t8o su#-orders- Me!ac)iroptera 7Microc)iroptera

Me!ac)iroptera /T)e are lar!e ruit eatin! #atscommonl called l in! o0; Snout is elon!ated7 noselea es are a#sent;T)e irst t8o di!its o orelim#s#ear cla8s; Tail is a#sent

Microc)iroptera / T)e are small insecti orous #ats

t)at eed on insects7 e8 suc #lood %0; ?ampire #at;Snout is small 7nose lea es present pinnae )a e earlea es; Onl t)e irst di!it o ore lim#s #ear cla8s;Tail is present7 pata!ium stretc)es #et8een t)e tail

ormin! inter- emoral mem#rane


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Microc)iroptera

Me!ac)iroptera

?ampire #at


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Order : %&O3OSCI EA

Lar!est terrestrial mammals *ro#oscideans are an order oeut)erian mammals t)at include t)e li in! elep)ants as 8ell ast)e e0tinct mammot)s and mastodons;T)ere are t8o li in!species o *ro#oscidea / t)e + rican elep)ant Lo0odontaa6ricanus and t)e +sian elep)ant %lep)as ma0imus ; Li e span is5&-A& ears %lep)ants )a e a #ul #od 7 lar!e ears7 a lon! trun and most)a e prominent tus s ( emale +sian elep)ants lac tus s"; T)e)a e t)ic !re s in 8it) sparse )air T)e trun o an elep)ant is ormed rom t)e elep)ant s upper lipand nose; +n elep)ant s trun is )i!)l sensiti e and ena#les it toli t ood and 8ater rom !round le el to its mout); T)e elep)ant snasal openin!s are located at t)e end o its trun ;T)e s eleton o an elep)ant is s)aped # its need to support t)eanimal s massi e 8ei!)t; %lep)ants )a e stoc 7 sturd pillar-li elim#s and t)eir eet are 8ide; T)e )eel is rein orced 8it) acus)ion o dense connecti e tissue;


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%ro#os$idea...../$ont0d

Sin!le pair o incisors present in t)e upper Da8 78)ic) !ro8 astus s made o i orCanines and premolars are a#sent ;Molars )a e sur aces 8it)intricate arran!ement o dentine and enamel 8)ic) pro ides!rindin! sur ace to !rind tou!) plant material (Lop)odontdentition"S ull is massi e7 #rain is 8ell de elopedcere#ral )emisp)eresare con oluted ;%lep)ants are e0tremel intelli!ent animals and)a e memories t)at span man ears; It is t)is memor t)atser es matriarc)s 8ell durin! dr seasons 8)en t)e need to!uide t)eir )erds7 to 8aterin! )oles t)at t)e remem#er rom t)e

past; T)e also displa si!ns o !rie 7 Do 7 an!er and pla ;%lep)ants communicate o er lon! distances # producin! a su#-sonic rum#le t)at can tra el o er t)e !round aster t)an soundt)rou!) air; Ot)er elep)ants recei e t)e messa!es t)rou!) t)esensiti e s in on t)eir eet and trun s; It is #elie ed t)at t)is is)o8 potential mates and social !roups communicate;


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%ro#os$ides....//$on0t

%lep)ants orm deep amil #onds and li e in ti!)tmatriarc)al amil !roups o related emales called a )erd;T)e )erd is led # t)e oldest and o ten lar!est emale in t)e)erd7 called a matriarc); .erds consist o H-1&& indi idualsdependin! on terrain and amil si>e; =)en a cal is #orn7 itis raised and protected # t)e 8)ole matriarc)al )erd; Maleslea e t)e amil unit #et8een t)e a!es o 12-15 and malead solitar li es or li e temporaril 8it) ot)er males;%lep)ants orm deep amil #onds and li e in ti!)tmatriarc)al amil !roups o related emales called a )erd;

T)e )erd is led # t)e oldest and o ten lar!est emale in t)e)erd7 called a matriarc); .erds consist o H-1&& indi idualsdependin! on terrain and amil si>e; =)en a cal is #orn7 itis raised and protected # t)e 8)ole matriarc)al )erd; Maleslea e t)e amil unit #et8een t)e a!es o 12-15 and malead solitar li es or li e temporaril 8it) ot)er males;


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%ro#os$ides

+sian elep)ant

+ rican elep)ant

Toot) oelep)ant


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O& E& : CA&NI O&A

Includes po8er ul les) 9 eatin! mammals %0; Ti!er7 lion7 #ear7 o0 mon!oose7do! 7cat etcMost carni ores are terrestrial7t)e )a e stron! Da8s and 8ell-de eloped7prominent canines7 c)ee teet) (premolars7 and molars" t)at !enerall )a ecuttin! ed!es; T)e last premolar o t)e upper Da8 and irst molar o t)e lo8er

are termed t)e carnassials or sectorial teet); T)ese #lade-li e teet) occlude(close" 8it) a scissor-li e action or s)earin! and s)reddin! meat;4een sense o smell7 )earin! and si!)tStron! supple #od 7 lim#s are stron! t)e usuall )a e stron!7 retractiles)arp cla8s7 8it) ne er e8er t)an our toes on eac) oot7 pa8s are used orrunnin!7 Dumpin! and e en clim#in!

rain is 8ell de eloped 8it) comple0 con olutions7Stomac) simple Carni ores tend to produce a sin!le litter annuall 7 #ut some produce multiplelitters a ear7 and lar!er carni ores7 li e #ears7 )a e !aps o 29' r #et8eenlitters; T)e a era!e !estation period lies #et8een 5& and 115 da s; Litter si>esare usuall small7 ran!in! rom one to 1' oun!7 8)ic) are #orn 8it)underde eloped e es and ears; In most species7 t)e mot)er )as e0clusi e or atleast primar care o t)e o sprin!; Man species o carni ores are solitar #uta e8 are !re!arious;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnassialshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnassialshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnassialshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnassials


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Carni2ora...../$ont0dOrder Carni ora is di ided into t)ree su#-orders


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Carni2ores4 Fissi*edia


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Carni2ores 4%inni*ediaSeal

Seal

=alrus


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O& E& : CETACEA

Small to e0tremel lar!e 7 )airless7 is)-s)aped mammals t)at areadapted strictl to an a:uatic marine )a#itat T)is !roup contains t)elar!est o all no8n mammals7 li in! or e0tinct; T)e #lue 8)alesometimes reac)es a len!t) o '' m and ma 8ei!) up to 1'5 metrictons;

od is spindle s)aped and is)-li e7 nec a#sent 7 cer ical ert#raeused into a sin!le discod completel )airless e0cept or a e8 #ristles at t)e side o t)e snout

3ront lim#s modi ied as lippers or ins7 )ind lim#s a#sent7 e0cept oresti!ial internal

% es and ear openin! small7 internal ears 8it) 8a0 plu!s s ulltelescoped so t)at nostrils open on top o )ead t)rou!) a sin!le or dou#le#lo8 )ole7 s ull is spon! and contain atTail is lon! endin! in t8o #road les) lu esT)ic la er o at or #lu##er present #eneat) t)e s inTestes a#dominal in position 3emales eac) !i e #irt) to a sin!le cale er one to si0 ears7 a ter a 1& to 1A mont) !estation 7 t)en t)epro ide t)em 8it) mil e0tremel ric) in protein and at or at least si0mont)s; T)e are attenti e mot)ers .


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T)e order Cetacea is di ided into t8o su#-orders7 t)eM sticeti (#aleen 8)ales" and t)e Odontoceti (toot)ed8)ales";

T)e Odontocetes are more numerous7 comprisin! A2di erent species7 Odontocetes include t)e sperm8)ale7 orca ( iller 8)ale"7 #elu!a and all o t)edolp)ins and porpoises; Teet) present in lo8er Da88)ic) its into soc ets o upper Da87 sin!le nostril

T)e M sticetes include #aleen 8)ale species suc) ast)e #lue 8)ale7 in 8)ale7 ri!)t 8)ale and )ump#ac8)ale;Teet) a#sent7 )a e #aleen plates to trap smallcrustaceans and p) to plan tons7 paired nostrils


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Odonto$eti

olp)in *orpoise


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Odonto$eti

Sperm 8)ale

elu!a

Orca 94iller 8)ale


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M+sti$eti

aleen 8)ale

.ump #ac 8)ale


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O& E& : UN ULATA

,n!ulates are mem#ers o a di erse !roup o primarillar!e mammals t)at includes odd-toed un!ulates suc)as )orses and R)inos7 and e en-toed un!ulates suc)as cattle7 pi!s7 !ira es7 camels7 deer7 and )ippopotamus;

Most terrestrial un!ulates use t)e tips o t)eir toes7 usuall)oo ed7 to sustain t)eir 8)ole #od 8ei!)t 8)ile mo in!;,n!ulata means #ein! )oo ed or )oo ed animalJ

,n!ulata is di ided into t8o su# orders /

< *%RISSO +CT@L+

< +RTIO +CT@L+
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odd-toed_ungulatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Even-toed_ungulatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Even-toed_ungulatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odd-toed_ungulate


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Lar!e si>ed 7 odd 9toed )oo ed mammals %0/ .orse7 >e#ra and r)inocerous Middle di!it o ore and )ind lim# 8ell de eloped7 )oo ed and

carries most o t)e 8ei!)t o t)e #od T)e are )er#i ores #ut not ruminants or cud c)e8in! Stomac)

is simple7 caecum is lar!e Teet) are lop)odont )a in! tall cro8ns and enamel rid!es rain is 8ell de eloped and con oluted Mammae is in!uinal in position Odd-toed un!ulates are c)aracteri>ed # a lon! !estation

period and a small litter si>e7 usuall a sin!le #a# is deli ered;T)e !estation period is ''&95&& da s7 t)e lon!est 8it) t)er)inos; Ne8#orn perissodact ls are precocial7 oun! )orsesand r)inos can ollo8 t)e mot)er a ter a e8 )ours

S, OR %R / *%RISSO +CT@L+


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*%RISS 1+CT@LS

R)inoceros

Ke#ra

.orse


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S,- R1%R / +RTI 1+CT@L+

< .er#i orous7 terrestrial or semi-a:uatic lar!e si>ed e en-toed mammals < 3ore and )ind lim#s #ear t8o rarel our di!its < Teet) are used or !rindin! 7t)e dentition is selenodont

(Molar teet) )a in! crescent-s)aped rid!es on

t)e !rindin! sur aces" or #unodont (Molar teet) 8it) cro8nsin t)e orm o rounded or conical cusps"

< T)e are ruminants or cud 9c)e8in! animals 7stomac) iscomplicated and )as c)am#ers 7 caecum is small

< Some #ear )orns on t)e )ead 7 )orns are un#ranc)ed or#ranc)ed(antlers"

< Teats or nipples are in!uinal and e8 in num#er or t)e ma#e a#dominal and man pairs


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+RTI 1+CT@LS


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O& E& : %&IMATES

Generall ar#oreal7 some are terrestrialod is completel co ered # )air

Lim#s are 8ell de eloped and !enerall pre)ensile7#ear i e di!its t)at #ear nails7 t)um#s and toes are

opposa#le to ot)er di!its 7!ait is planti!rade (8al in!on soles o t)e eet";In some orms tail is pre)ensileOr#its 8it) e es are directed or8ard surrounded ##on rin! 7)as #inocular isionCla icles present 7 emur 8it)out t)ird troc)anter

Cere#ral )emisp)eres are lar!e and )i!)l con olutedIn males testes descend into scrotal sacs3emales )a e mammar !land in t)e pectoral re!ion*arental care and social or!ani>ation seen


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%rimates ....//$ont0d

Order *rimates di ided into ' su#-orders


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%rimates ..../$ont0d

Lemur

Tarsier

Loris


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Catarr ini

R)esus mon e

Oran!utan

C)impan>ee


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%lat+rr ini

Spider mon eMarmoset


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Credits6i)i*ediaC ordate 7oolog+ 8E/L/ ordan %/S/ erma ;

classification of class mammalia pptx

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