Classification of Living Things

http://analyzer.depaul.edu/astrobiology/kingdoms.jpg

_______________ = branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to their _________________________ Does it have a backbone? Feathers? Gills? Flippers?

__________________________ How has organism changed in fossil record? What other organisms is it related to?

TAXONOMY

CHARACTERISTICS

EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY

Carolus Linnaeus comes to the rescue!

Devised a new classification system based on _________________

(Organism’s form and structure)

(1707-1778)

MORPHOLOGY

Image from: http://www.medusozoa.com/images/linnaeus.jpg

Linnaeus’s System

Grouped in a _____________ of 7 different levels

Each organism has a two part LATIN __________________

HIERARCHY

SCIENTIFIC NAME

KingdomPhylum

ClassOrder

Family Genus

Species

Kids PreferCheeseOverFriedGreenSpinach

KingdomPhylum

Class Order

Family Genus

Species

Animalia

Chordata

Mammalia

Carnivora

Felidae

Panthera

leohttp://www.vetmed.wisc.edu/dms/fapm/personnel/tom_b/2004-lion.jpg

Kidspiration by Riedell

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE(2 name naming system)

• 1st name = _______________– Always capitalized

•2nd name = _________________–Always lower case

•Both names are ______________ or written in ____________.

GENUS NAME

SPECIES IDENTIFIER

UNDERLINED ITALICS

Binomial Nomenclature

Vampire batDesmodus rotundus

Eastern chipmunk Tamias striatus

Image from: http://212.84.179.117/i/Vampire%20Bat.jpg

Image from: http://www.entm.purdue.edu/wildlife/chipmunk_pictures.htm

Binomial nomenclature

Humans

Homo sapiens

Homo sapiens

Image from: http://www.earlylearning.ubc.ca/images/photo_baby.jpg

So what do we use now?

Still use Linnaeus’s system:

but we have added more _____________KINGDOMS

Remember: Linnaeus only had 2.

MODERN TAXONOMY

Modern Taxonomy

Kidspiration by Riedell

MODERN TAXONOMYorganizes living things in the context of _________________Evolution

http://animals.timduru.org/dirlist/dino/FlyingDinosaurus-Pterodon-fossil.jpg

MODERN TAXONOMY

Fossil recordMorphology

Scientists use different kinds of info to classify organisms:1. ______________________2. ______________________3. ______________________4. ______________________5. ______________________

EmbryologyChromosomesMacromolecules (DNA & proteins)

1. FOSSIL RECORD

Evolutionary history = _____________PHYLOGENY

We can trace some changes over time through the fossil record.

http://www.familyeducation.com/printables/display/0,2361,1650,00.gif

2. MORPHOLOGY Shape and Function

 Image from: http://www.angelfire.com/ab7/evolution12/evolutionclues.html

MORPHOLOGY_________________ characteristics: same embryological origin

(may have similar structure and function) EX: __________________________

HOMOLOGOUS

Homologous characteristics suggest a _____________________.

Bat wing & human arm

Recent common ancestor

Bat wing and human armdevelop from same embryonic structures

HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES Image from: http://www.angelfire.com/ab7/evolution12/evolutionclues.html

MORPHOLOGYANALOGOUS______________ characteristics:may have similar structure & function but different origin

EX: _______________________Bird wing & butterfly wing

ANALOGOUS characteristics evolved separately.Organisms ________________________.NOT CLOSELY RELATED

Insects and birds NOT closely related!

ANALOGOUSSTRUCTURES

http://uk.dk.com/static/cs/uk/11/clipart/bird/image_bird003.html

http://www.naturenorth.com/butterfly/images/05a%20tiger%20wing.jpg

3. EMBRYOLOGY

Image from: http://calspace.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/litu/03_3.shtml

Animals whose embryos develop in a similar pattern may be related

4. CHROMOSOMES

Similar genetics suggest closer relationships.

Human: http://www.nationmaster.com/wikimir/images/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/300px-Human_karyogram.pngChimpanzee: Middle School Life Science , published by Kendall/Hunt.

5. MACROMOLECULES

Compare molecules like _________________ _________________

Organisms with similar sequences are

probably more closely related.

PROTEINS (amino acids)DNA

So what do we use now?_________________-based on multiple kinds of evidence

6 KINGDOMS

Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia