CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGSCHAPTER 18March 17, 2014

OVERVIEW

Taxonomy Why Classify? Binomial Nomenclature The Heirchacal System The Five Kingdoms

TAXONOMY

Taxonomy is the branch of science that identifies and categorized organisms.

WHY DO WE NEED TO CLASSIFY?

Imagine your computer or IPod…are all of your songs and files in a single folder or do you have them grouped in some way??

It is best to organize and group items so that you can find them easier or easily see their relationship to other items.

WHY DO WE NEED TO CLASSIFY?

Classifying living things sets up an organized system so scientists can communicate.

The classification system also shows evolutionary linkages between organisms.

SCIENTISTS ALSO NEED A WAY TO NAME ORGANISMS

The “common names” used by people can sometime be misleading or confusing.

In order to communicate effectively, biologists need a CONSISTENT naming protocol.

CONSIDER THIS….

Are all “Grey Wolves” gray?

Are all “Black Bears” black?

Which is more venomous- a water moccasin or a cottonmouth?

Grey wolves can be b/w & grey: black bears can be brown or gray

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

The system was developed by Carolus Linnaeus who used Greek and Latin names for organisms.

By, binomial we simply mean that all organisms are given scientific names consisting of a genus name and a species name, often in Latin.

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

For example, we humans are called Homo sapiens. Homo is our genus name and sapiens is our species name.

Homo means “man” and sapiens means “wise”.

Genus is capitalized, species is lowercased

CLASSIFICATION GROUPINGS

Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

How can I remember this???

Dumb King Phillip Came Over From Great Spaghetti

As we go from top to bottom, the groups get larger and more specific.

3 Domains: Achea, Eubacteria, Eukaryrotes

THE KINGDOMS

There are currently 6 kingdoms- all organisms can be placed into one of those 6.

Classification into a kingdom is based on certain criteria:

- Number of cells- How it obtains

energy- Type of cell

THE SIX KINGDOM SYSTEM

Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia