classification of living things · classification of living things . big question ... identifying...
TRANSCRIPT
Classification of
Living Things
Big Question
Why Do
We
Classify
Organisms?
• Brings order to the great diversity of life forms
• Serves as a basis for identifying unfamiliar organisms
• Provides a logical means of naming organisms
Classification
A process of grouping organisms
by similarities
Taxonomy
• Branch of
biology that
groups and
names
organisms
The Science of Classification
Scientist who classify or
organize organisms
(animals and plants)
are called taxonomists.
Taxonomists study
taxonomy.
The History of Organization
Aristotle 384-322 BC
Interested in biological classification.
Patterns in nature.
Carl Linnaeus
1707-1778 AD
Father of
Biological
Classification!
• 2 Categories
–Plants and Animals
• Animals – classified on where they lived
– Land, water or air
• Plants – classified on the basis of structure and size
– Tree, shrub, herb
Classify
this
video
• Grouped organisms
by similar structure
• Created two-part
naming system
• Grouped similar
species into same
genus
• 2 word latin name (by Linneus)
• Uses genus and species
name (or descriptive name)
• Italics is used and Genus is
capitalized
–Quercus alba = white oak
Genus Species Common Name
_______________________________________ Canis familaralis Canis lupus Felis domesticus Felis concolor
Dog
Wolf
House Cat
Mountain
lion
• A series of paired statements used to identify organisms
1a. Has fur, go to…………………………2
b. Does not have fur……………………3
2a. Has straight fur………………………4
b. Has curly fur………………………….5
3a. Rough skin……………………………6
b. Smooth skin…………………………..7
7 Classification Groups:
• Kingdom (most inclusive)
• Phylum largest
• Class
• Order to
• Family
• Genus smallest
• Species (most specific)
• King
• Phillip
• Came
• Over
• For
• Great
• Spaghetti
• Kings
• Played
• Cards
• On
• Fat
• Green
• Stools
Levels of Classification
Classification of a Lion
http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=vqxomJIB
GcY
Classification Levels
Phylum = Division
for animals for plants
Organisms Classified Today
Using:
• Structure- Homologous parts
• Biochemistry- DNA and proteins
• Embryology- Developing Embryos
• Breeding Behavior- Courtship patterns
• Geographic Distribution- Location (with reference to barriers)
Classification of life forms
3 Domains of Life
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
Includes various Kingdoms: Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista
Consist of PROKARYOTES
The Three Domains
Kingdoms of Life
Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista
Plantae Fungi Animalia
MONERA
• SEPARATED INTO TWO Kingdoms
– ARCHAEBACTERIA
– EUBACTERIA
TRUE BACTERIA ANCIENT BACTERIA
ARCHAEBACTERIA
• PROKARYOTIC
• UNICELLULAR
• HETEROTROPH
• FOUND IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS
• PROKARYOTIC
• UNICELLULAR
• HETEROTROPH & AUTOTROPH
• LIVES IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS
– SWAMPS, HYDROTHERMAL VENTS
• MORE COMPLEX THAN EUBACTERIA
• CELL WALL
• SEVERAL HUNDRED SPECIES
ARCHAEBACTERIA
ARCHAEBACTERIA
VENT BACTERIA SALT-LOVING BACTERIA
EUBACTERIA
• PROKARYOTIC
• UNICELLULAR
• HETEROTROPH & AUTOTROPH
• “TRUE BACTERIA”
• STRONG CELL WALLS
• SOME CAUSE DISEASE, BUT MOST
HARMLESS
EUBACTERIA
PROTISTA
• EUKARYOTES
– NUCLEUS, MEMBRANE BOUND
ORGANELLES
• UNICELLULAR, SOME MULTICELLULAR
• HETEROTROPHS & AUTOTROPHS
• MOST VARIED GROUP
• LACK ORGAN SYSTEMS
• MOIST ENVIRONMENTS
PROTISTA
• EUKARYOTIC
• SOME UNICELLULAR, MOST
MULTICELLULAR
• HETEROTROPHS
– DECOMPOSERS (SAPROPHYTES)
• ABSORB FOOD THROUGH CELL
WALLS
• EUKARYOTIC
• MULTICELLULAR
• AUTOTROPHS
• DO NOT MOVE
• CELLS ORGANIZED INTO TISSUES, ORGANS AND SYSTEMS
• CELL WALLS – CELLULOSE
• EUKARYOTES
• MULTICELLULAR
• HETEROTROPHS
• NEARLY ALL MOVE
• NO CELL WALLS (MEMBRANE ONLY)
• CELLS ORGANIZED INTO TISSUES,
ORGANS, SYSTEMS
Six Kingdoms
http://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=u90WvBZe-tY 2
minute review
Classification Review
http://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=F38BmgPcZ_I 12
minutes
Stop here- next slide is key
to kingdom matching lab
Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Heterotroph
Heterotroph
Heterotroph
Heterotroph
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Autotroph
Autotroph
Autotroph
Multicellular
Multicellular
Multicellular
Multicellular
Unicellular
Unicellular
Domain
Eukarya
Unicellular
Prokaryote
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Cell wall of
cellulose
Amoeba
and Algae
Unicellular
Domain
Eukarya
Domain
Eukarya
Domain
Eukarya
Domain
Bacteria
Domain
Archaea
Cell wall of
cellulose
No Cell wall
Cell wall of
chitin
Cell wall with
peptidoglycan
Cell wall w/o
peptidoglycan
E. Coli and Streptococcus
Halophiles
Yeast and
Mushroom
Ferns and
moss
Sponge and
Insects