classification presentation

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING ORGANISMS

Why are things grouped?

a) So they are easy to findb) To see how things share certain characteristicsc) To observe things betterd) .e) .

Methods of classification in ScienceA. Early classification

Aristotle was one of the first scientists to classify organisms. He classified them in two groups called KINGDOMS: plants and animalsHe classified plants in herbs, shrubs and trees.He classified animals in land, air and water.

B. Modern classificationCarolus Linnaeus created a classification system

based on looking for organisms with similar structures. He also created the binomial nomenclature, which is a two-word naming system. This system is used today to name all organisms, it is their scientific name.

C. How scientists classify today, based on1. internal and external similarities2. specific characteristics at the cell level (# of chr.)3. fossil studies, common ancestors4. hereditary information 5. early stages of develpment

Taxonomic systemThe taxonomic system is a system used today in which

organisms are classified in seven groups or levels. Kingdom

PhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecie

(King Phillip came over for great spaguetti)

Scientific Names- It´s composed of two words, the genus and the species.- The names are in either latin or greek, these languages

barely change.- Scientific names are used so that scientists throughout

the world can identify the organisms.- A organism can only have one scientific name, but

many common names.- The genus (1st word) should be written with capital

letter, the species (2nd word) should be written in lower case.

- It should be underlined or italicfor example:Pinus hartwegiiAbies religiosa

for example:Pinus hartwegii

Ateles geoffroyi

The 6 kingdoms

ACHAEBACTERIAEUBACTERIA

PROTISTFUNGI

PLANTAEANIMALIA

Domains

Eukarya (Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protist)

Bacteria Achaea

Organisms can be:Feed Autotrophs(producers):

organisms that make their own food

Heterotroph (consumers): organisms that obtain their food from their surroundings

Type of Cell Prokaryotic: simple cell with no defined nucleus, only in bacteria

Eukaryotic: complex cell, has a defined nucleus

Movement Motile, they move around

Sessile, they don´t move

Amount of cells in organism

Unicellular, organism made up of only one cell

Multicellular, organism made up of two or more cells

Gases they need

Aerobic: need oxygen to live

Anaerobic: don´t need oxygen to live, use other gases

Kingdoms

Type of Cell

Autotrophic HeterotrophicPhotosynthetic Mobile Sessile

Prokaryotic Cells

Kingdom Archae/Eubacteria

AerobicPhotosyntheticBacteria. Formerlycalled blue-green algae.


Aerobic spirochetes.


Aerobic spored bacteria

Unicellular

Eukaryotic Cells

Kingdom ProtistGreen, golden, red,and brown

unicellularalgae.

Kingdom ProtistProtozoans- amoebae,

ciliates, flagellates

Kingdom ProtistSporozoans like plasmodium.

Unicellular

Kingdom Fungiyeast

Eukaryotic Cells

Kingdom PlantaeSeaweeds and kelp,mosses, liverworts,spores plants (clubmosses & ferns),gymnosperms, andflowering plants

Kingdom Animaliasponges,

coelenterates,flatworms, roundwormsmollusks, annelids,arthropods,echinoderms andChordates

Kingdom FungiAscomycete,basidiomycete,phycomycetes, andfungi imperfecti.

Multicellular

Humans

Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

Eubacteria

UNICELLULAR `PROKARYOTIC AUTOTROPHS/HETEROTROPHS

OLDEST LIFE FORMS ON EARTH HELP US DIGEST FOOD, BREAK DOWN WASTE,

MAKE PRODUCTS LIKE YOGURT AND CHEESE PATHOGENS THAT CAUSES SICKNESS

(Streptococcus and salmonella)

Archaebacteria

UNICELLULAR `PROKARYOTIC AUTOTROPHS/HETEROTROPHS Live in extreme environments

Thermophiles (live in hot springs) Halophiles (salty environment, dead sea) Methanogens (high methane environments)

Protists

KINGDOM PROTISTACALLED PROTIST

Live in moist environmentsEukaryotesMost of them unicellularAutothophs/Heterotrophs

Algae, amoeba, paramecium, diatom etc,

Fungi

Mushrooms, truffles and morels, bubbles in bread (yeast), champagne and beer. Eukaryotes Unicellular and multicellular Heterotrophs Use external digestion to dissolve their food.

Plantae

Plantae

Autotrophs Multicellular Eukaryotes Sessile They give oxygen to breath and habitat for many

species.

Animalia

Kingdoms

Type of Cell

Autotrophic HeterotrophicPhotosynthetic Mobile Sessile

Prokaryotic Cells


AerobicPhotosyntheticBacteria. Formerlycalled blue-green algae.


Aerobic spirochetes.


Aerobic spored bacteria

Unicellular

Eukaryotic Cells

Kingdom ProtistGreen, golden, red,and brown

unicellularalgae.

Kingdom ProtistProtozoans- amoebae,

ciliates, flagellates

Kingdom ProtistSporozoans like plasmodium.

Unicellular

Kingdom Fungiyeast

Eukaryotic Cells

Kingdom PlantaeSeaweeds and kelp,mosses, liverworts,spores plants (clubmosses & ferns),gymnosperms, andflowering plants

Kingdom Animaliasponges,

coelenterates,flatworms, roundwormsmollusks, annelids,arthropods,echinoderms andChordates

Kingdom FungiAscomycete,basidiomycete,phycomycetes, andfungi imperfecti.

Multicellular

Humans

PROJECTNewspaper article: Description of one kingdom

Main characteristics• Type of cell • Type of respiration• Type of feed• Type of movement• Examples of organisms (with sc. Name and

taxonomic classification)Environmental and human importanceWhat would happen if this specie becomes extinct? (2 factors)