Classification System of Organisms

Once upon a time, all living things were lumped together into two kingdoms,

namely plants and animals

Plant and Animal

• Animals included every living thing that moved, ate, and grew to a certain size and stopped growing.

• Plants included every living thing that did not move or eat and that continued to grow throughout life.

Five Kingdom Classification System

• It became very difficult to group some living things into one or the other, so early in the past century the two kingdoms were expanded into five kingdoms:

• Protista (the single-celled eukaryotes);

• Fungi (fungus and related organisms);

• Plantae (the plants);

• Animalia (the animals);

• Monera (the prokaryotes).

• Kingdoms are divided into categories called phyla, each phylum is divided into classes, each class into orders, each order into families, each family into genera, and each genus into species.

KINGDOM MONERA (monerans) - Single cell

No true nucleus - prokaryote (genetic material scattered and not enclosed by a membrane)

Some move (flagellum); others don't

Some make their own food (autotrophic); others can't make their own food (heterotrophic)

Examples - bacteria

cyanobacteria

KINGDOM PROTISTA (protists)

Single cell

Have a true nucleus – eukaryote

Some move (cilia, flagella, pseudopodia); others don't

Some are autotrophic; others are heterotrophic

Examples - amoeba, diatom, euglena, paramecium, some algae (unicellular), etc

KINGDOM FUNGI

Multi cellular Have nuclei

Mainly do not move from place to placeHeterotrophic (food is digested outside of fungus)

Examples - mushroom, mold, puffball, shelf/bracket fungus, yeast, etc

KINGDOM PLANTAE (plants)

MulticellularHave nucleiDo not move Autotrophic

Examples - multicellular algae, mosses, ferns, flowering plants (dandelions, roses, etc.), trees, etc

KINGDOM ANIMALIA (animals )

Multicellular

Have nuclei

Do move

Heterotrophic

Examples - sponge, jellyfish, insect, fish, frog, bird, man

• Kingdom

• Phylum

• Class

• Order

• Family

• Genus

• Species

Phylum in Animalia• Porifera (sponges) • Cnidaria (jellyfish, hydras, sea anemones, Portuguese man-of-wars,

and corals) • Platyhelminthes (flatworms, including planaria, flukes, and

tapeworms) • Nematoda (roundworms, including rotifers and nematodes) • Mollusca (mollusks, including bivalves, snails and slugs, and

octopuses and squids) • Annelida (segmented worms, including earthworms, leeches, and

marine worms) • Echinodermata (including sea stars, sea cucumbers, sand dollars,

and sea urchins) • Arthropods (including arachnids, crustaceans, millipedes,

centipedes, and insects) • Chordata (animals with nerve chords - this group includes the

vertebrates)

Classes in Chordata

THE INSECT ORDERS

• ORTHOPTERA: grasshoppers, crickets • COLEOPTERA: beetles • LEPIDOPTERA: butterflies, moths • DIPTERA: flies, mosquitoes • HYMENOPTERA: ants, wasps, bees • HEMIPTERA: true bugs • HOMOPTERA: aphids, cicadas • DERMAPTERA: earwigs • ODONATA: dragonflies • ISOPTERA: termites

Homework: make a family tree

Homework

List of organisms:

Worm, turtle, mouse, centipede, kangaroo, jellyfish, spider, horse, frog, snake, bird, cow, whale, shark, gold fish, coral, Squirrel, dolphin, beetle, snail, starfish and sponge.

Class assignment

• Write all the animals under kingdom.

• Place Chordata in the 4th block under Phylum.

• Write the Classes of Cordata under Class.

• Koala bear and what mammal are related? Place all the other related mammals in groups of two or Orders.

Orders#1 #2 #3 #4