classifying matter
DESCRIPTION
Matter. Elements. Compounds. Mixtures. Classifying Matter. Scientists classify matter according to make-up. Elements. Simplest pure substance – fixed composition. Pure substance is made of only one material. Same throughout. Referred to as homogeneous matter . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Classifying MatterClassifying Matter
Matter
ElementsCompound
sMixtures
• Scientists classify matter according to make-up.
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ElementsElements
• Simplest pure substance – fixed composition.
• Pure substance is made of only one material. Same throughout. Referred to as homogeneous matter.
• Are made of alike atoms, which are the basic building blocks of matter.
• Represented by chemical symbols - H, O, Al, Cu, Au.
• 118 elements organized in the periodic table in squares called an element key.
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Element KeyElement Key
Atomic Number
Symbol
Element Name
Atomic Mass
I.D’s the element
represents elements
mass of element (amu’s)
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• Calcium• Tin• Uranium• Magnesium• Phosphorus• Iron• iodine• Silver• Helium• Mercury
• Nickel• Silicon• Sulfur• Copper• Chromium• Aluminum• Bromine• Hydrogen• Zinc• Potassium
Elements/Symbols Elements/Symbols
• Oxygen• Lead• Lithium• Gold• Fluorine• Neon• Nitrogen• Sodium• Carbon• Chlorine
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CompoundsCompounds
• Two or more elements chemically combined.
• Represented by chemical formulas.
• Examples: H2O, CO2, NaCl, C12H22O11
• Molecules are the smallest natural unit of a compound or diatomic element. A molecule is made up of two or more atoms chemically combined.
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Chemical FormulasChemical Formulas• Combination of chemical symbols that represents compounds.
• Sometimes represents a molecule of an element. Example: O2, N2, Cl2 called diatomic elements – two atoms of the same element.
• Subscripts are the # of atoms of an element - H2O
• Coefficients are the # placed in front of chemical formula. Represents # of molecules of a compound - 4 H2O
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Identifying SubstancesIdentifying Substances
Substance
Element or
Compound
Symbol or
Formula
Atom or
Molecule
Fluorine (F)
Water (H2O)
Chlorine gas (Cl2)
Element Symbol
Atom
Compound
Formula
Formula
Molecule
Element
Molecule
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Counting AtomsCounting Atoms
Name Use FormulaAtoms in Formula
Calcium carbonate
Chalk CaCO3
Magnesium hydroxide
Found in milk of
magnesia
Mg(OH)2
Phosphoric acid
Detergents
3H3PO4
Trinitrotoluene (TNT)
Explosive
2C7H5(NO2)3
Ca=1C=1O=3
H=9
P=3
O=12
Mg=1
O=2
H=2
C=14 N=6
H=10 O=12
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Calculating Formula Mass
Calculating Formula Mass
• Formula mass of a compound is the sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a chemical formula.
• Examples: Atoms Atomic Mass Totals
H2O 2 of H 2 x 1.02.0
1 of O 1 x 16.016.0
18.0 amu
C12H22O11 12 of C 12 x 12.0144.0
22 of H 22 x 1.0 22.0
11 of O 11 x 16.0 176.0
342.0 amu
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MixturesMixtures
• Two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined.
• Has unlike parts and a composition that varies from sample to sample.
• Properties:
– Sub. in a mixture keep their separate identities.
– Sub. can be present in any amount.
– Sub. can be separated out by physical means.
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MixturesMixtures
Mixtures
Homogeneous Heterogeneous
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Heterogeneous Mixtures
Heterogeneous Mixtures
• The least-mixed.• Doesn’t appear to
be the same throughout.
• Particles large enough to be seen.
• Examples: sand, dirt, concrete, suspensions, etc.
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Homogeneous MixturesHomogeneous Mixtures
• Well-mixed. Same throughout a given sample.
• Examples: air, soda, toothpaste, lotions, etc.
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SolutionsSolutions
• A homogeneous mixture.
• One substance dissolves in another. Solutions remain constantly & uniformly mixed.
• Examples: lemonade, soda, ocean water, antifreeze, metal alloys (steel, brass), etc.
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ColloidsColloids
• A homogeneous mixture.
• Mixed together but not dissolved.
• Appears cloudy. Scatters light.
• Examples: milk, cool whip, toothpaste, lotions, fog, paint, etc.
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Composition of MatterComposition of Matter
E lem e nt C o m p ou nd
P u re S u bs tan ce
S o lu tion C o lliod
H o m o ge n eo us
S usp en sion
H e te rog en eo us
M ixtu re
M atte r