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CHAPTER 2 | CLASSIFICATION

TRUTH IN SCIENCE | UNIT A | CHAPTER 2 - CLASSIFICATION

Lesson1 Why Classify?

Genesis 1:28Then God blessed them, and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply; fi ll the earth and subdue it; have dominion over the fi sh of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth.”

Genesis 2:19 (NKJV)Out of the ground the Lord God formed every beast of the fi eld and every bird of the air, and brought them to Adam to see what he would call them. And whatever Adam called each living creature, that was its name.”




Lesson1 Vocabulary

Directions: Match the correct word to the definition by writing the letter of the word in the circle.

1. kingdom of all animals A.

C.

E.

G.

I.

metamorphosis

dichotomous key

monera

bryophytes

animalia

5. the smallest unit of a living thing that can perform all life processes

3. class of vertebrates, made up of all birds that lay eggs

7.

9.

phylum of nonvascular plants that includes mosses and ferns

a change in shape or form an animal goes through in its development from egg to adult

2. B.

D.

F.

H.

6.

8.

4.

the ability to pick up on changes in one’s surroundings sensitivity

reptilia

cell

aves

an organized series of questions designed help identify an unknown organism

kingdom of bacteria that have no nucleus in their cell

class of vertebrates, made up of all reptiles

Letter WordDefi nition

I

B

H

D

F

C

G

E

A




Lesson1

Vocabulary MatchingAnswer Key

animalia—kingdom of all animals

sensitivity—the ability to pick up on changes in one’s surroundings

reptilia—class of vertebrates, made up of all reptiles

aves—class of vertebrates, made up of all birds that lay eggs

cell—the smallest unit of a living thing that can perform all life processes

dichotomous key—an organized series of questions designed help identify an

unknown organism

bryophytes—phylum of nonvascular plants that includes mosses and ferns

monera—kingdom of bacteria that have no nucleus in their cell

metamorphosis—a change in shape or form an animal goes through in its

development from egg to adult




Lesson3 Biblical Defi nition of Life

Hebrew Meaning Scripture Reference

nephesh air-breathing,blood pumping life

Genesis 1:21a“So God created great sea creatures and every living thing that moves...”

Genesis 1:24a“The God said, ‘Let the earth bring forth the living creature...”

Genesis 2:7“And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living being.”

dam blood Leviticus 17:11a “For the life of the fl esh is in the blood...”

Genesis 1:20-21a (NKJV)Then God said, ‘Let the waters abound with an abundance of living creatures, and let birds fl y above the earth across the face of the fi rmament of the heavens.’ So God created great sea creatures and every living thing that moves, with which the waters abounded...




Lesson3 The Seven Kingdoms

Currently, there are six kingdoms identifi ed by scientists: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia (Creation scientists recognize Man as being separate from Kingdom Animalia and all other classifi cations, since Man was created in the image of God.)

A possible mnemonic device to remember the kingdoms:

All Elephants Passed Furiously Past America

• Archaebacteria live as single cells. Many do not need oxygen or sunlight to live and can survive in extremely harsh environments like hot springs, sewage treatment plants, and volcanic vents. They make their own food.

• Eubacteria can cause disease, but many are helpful. They make soil fertile and are necessary for making foods such as yogurt and cheese. Some eubacteria make vitamins in the body.

• Protista are large but still microscopic life forms like the amoeba, paramecium, and most kinds of plankton. Although some protista are harmful, most are helpful. Many are food for other organisms, including Earth’s largest organisms--whales.

• Fungi are used to make foods and medicines such as penicillin. Some fungi can cause human diseases such as athlete’s foot and ringworm. They also plant diseases called rusts.

• Without plants (Plantae), life on earth would not exist.

• Animals (Animalia) get energy by eating other organisms or their remains.

Plantae

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Protista

Fungi

Animalia




Lesson4 Who was Carolus Linnaeus?

CAROLUS LINNAEUS(1707-1778)

The Father ofTaxonomy

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

An example of classifi cation




Lesson4 False Conclusions

Common name:MOUNTAIN LION

NOTRELATED

IS A COUGAR RELATED TO AN ALLIGATOR?

Common name:ALLIGATOR

K—AnimaliaP—ChordataC—MammaliaO—CarnivoraF—FelidaeG—FelisS—Concolor

K—AnimaliaP—ChordataC—ReptiliaO—CrocodiliaF—CrocodylidaeG—AlligatorS—Mississippiensis

C—Reptilia




Lesson4 Vertebrate Animals

birds fi sh amphibiansmammals reptiles

Vertebrates are animals with backbones. Of the 30 phyla in the animal kingdom, only one phyla has backbones. An animal’s backbone surrounds the spinal cord which is a very important set of nerves that go to the brain.

A mnemonic device to remember the order of the subphylum of vertebrates:

My Brother Fired Amazing Rockets

ALL ANIMALS ARE...

• multi-cellular

• unable to make their own food

• able to move on their own in part of their life




Lesson4 Characteristics of Vertebrates

VertebratesBody

CoveringBody

TemperatureBegin Life

Feed Young

Other

Fish

usually scales

and slimy coating

cold-blooded eggs nolive in water, use gills to get oxygen from water

Amphibians soft skin cold-blooded eggs noChange from the time theyare young through process of metamorphosis

Reptiles scales cold-blooded eggs no

• Breath with lungs, young looks like parents, many similarities to mammals

• Dinosaurs are fossilized reptiles similar to today’s lizards

Birds featherswarm-

bloodedeggs yes

• Special characteristic is feathers that help some birds to fl y

• Bones are hollow which makes the animal very light

Mammals hair/furwarm-

bloodedlive

birthmother’s

milk

• Breath air through lungs and make milk for their young

• Young mammals look like parents

• Life cycle is birth,growth, reproduction and death

Each subphylum can be identifi ed by the following characteristics: body covering, body temperature, how begin life, and how feed the young.




Lesson5 Insect Metamorphosis

Some arthropods experience big changes in their life cycle. “Complete metamorphosis” is four stages: egg, larvae, pupa, and adult. Moths, butterfl ies, and housefl ies experience “complete metamorphosis.”

COMPLETE METAMORPHOSISAbout 88% of all insects go through complete metamorphosis. Complete metamorphosis has 4 stages:• Egg—A female insect lays eggs

• Larva—Larvae hatch from eggs. They do not look like adult insects. They usually have a worm-like shape. Caterpillars, maggots, and grubs are all just the larval stage of insects. Larvae molt their skin several times and they grow slightly larger.

• Pupa—Larvae make cocoons around themselves. Larvae don’t eat while they’re inside their cocoons. Their bodies develop into an adult shape with wings, legs, internal organs, etc. This change takes anywhere from 4 days to many months.

• Adult—Inside the cocoon, the larvae change into adults. After a period of time, the adult breaks out of the cocoon

Some arthropods experience “incomplete metamorphosis” which is three stages: eggs, nymph, and adult.

INCOMPLETE METAMORPHOSISAbout 12% of all insects go through incomplete metamorphosis. Incomplete metamorphosis has 3 stages:• Egg - A female insect lays eggs. These eggs are often

covered by an egg case which protects the eggs and holds them together.

• Nymph - The eggs hatch into nymphs. Nymphs look like small adults, but usually don’t have wings. Insect nymphs eat the same food that the adult insects eat. Nymphs shed or molt their exoskeletons (outer casings made up of a hard substance called chitin) and replace them with larger ones several times as they grow. Most nymphs molt 4-8 times.

• Adult - The insects stop molting when they reach their adult size. By this time, they have also grown wings..




Lesson5 Classifying Invertebrates

StartDoes the

animal havejointed legs?

No Red Slug

How manylegs does the

animalhave?

The animal is classifi ed

as an arthropod.


as an insect.

Does the Animal have

a longneck?

GreenScarabBeetle

Yes

8 Legs

Yes

Yes

No

No6 Legs


as an arachnid.

Does the animal appear furry?

LadybirdSpider

BlackWidowSpider

Weevil

A dichotomous key is an organized series of questions designed to lead to the identifi cation of an unknown organism.




Lesson6 Biblical Grouping of Plants

GENESIS 1:11-13 (KJV)“And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth; and it was so. And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind; and God saw that it was good. And the evening and the morning were the third day.”

Biblical Grouping Description

grass green ground-covering vegetation (examples: hay, wheat, barley)

herb small non-woody plants other than grasses

tree all large woody plants, including fruit-bearing trees

PLANTS

Grass

Herbs

Trees




Lesson6 Process of Classifying Plants

Plants are different from animals in that they produce their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide in order to make sugar.

Plants have distinctive features like stems, roots, and leaves. Plants can be multi-cellular, just like animals.

Plants are sorted by how they transport water and how they reproduce. Most plants are vascular which means there are tubes for carrying water and food to all areas of the plant. Plants can reproduce by fl owers and seeds, cones and seeds, or spores.

Characteristics of Plants

Phyla Vascular Seeds Spores Flowers Other

fl owering plants

yes yes no yes plants use fl owers to reproduce

conifers yes yes no no needles are special leaves

mosses no no yes no very small and has tiny leaf-like structures

ferns yes no yes no feather-like leaves

PLANTS

non-vascular

seedless spores

vascular

seeds

with fl owerswithout fl owers




• Growth

• Nutrition

• Respiration

• Reproduction

• Excretion

• Movement

• Sensitivity

• Animalia

• Plantae

• Fungi

• Protista

• Monera

• Kingdom

• Phylum

• Class

• Order

• Family

• Genus

• Species

• Agnatha

• Chondrichthyes

• Osteichthyes

• Amphibia

• Reptilia

• Aves

• Mammalia

Lesson9 Concept Map

Classifi cation

Biblical Life

Life Processes 7 Classes of VertebratesSeven LevelsFive Kingdoms

Biblical kindvs. Species

classiﬁcation on 1€¦ · • bones are hollow which makes the animal very light mammals...

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