Classroom ManagementandMotivation

Problems as Symptoms

Teaching deficienciesmost problems can be solved “internally”behavior is state-related

Out with the old, in with the new…

Old: student is the problem – reward desired behavior & punish undesired

New: the teacher is personally responsible – Teacher looks for ways to engage students and make learning happen

Discipline Models

Behavior modificationPersonal influenceLogical consequencesSelf-awareness trainingCooperative discipline“brain-based” discipline

What to do when classroom rules, agreements, or expectations are not

met/broken

4: Safety Jeopardized

3: Student Choice Point

2. Handle the Problem, not the person

1: Invisible Action

When bad things happen to good teachers

Keep your cool – revisit it later if need beAddress problem with minimal “fanfare”Goal is to get class back to learningState facts, but don’t judge

Good: “I counted you disrupting the class 6 times”

Bad: “You’re constant disruptions make me mad!”

Motivation & DisciplineMotivation & Discipline

a 1983 study by C. Hoffer asked 3,000 a 1983 study by C. Hoffer asked 3,000 prospective teachers “What gives you the prospective teachers “What gives you the greatest concern as you plan for your first greatest concern as you plan for your first teaching position?” teaching position?”

many new teachers will leave the profession after many new teachers will leave the profession after one year because students are “unruly,” one year because students are “unruly,” “discourteous,” “uninterested,” or “unteachable”“discourteous,” “uninterested,” or “unteachable”

most teachers have the skills to succeed most teachers have the skills to succeed musically, but lack the other management skills musically, but lack the other management skills to do a good jobto do a good job

TerminologyTerminology

motivation: all the forces that keep a person motivation: all the forces that keep a person involvedinvolved

discipline: ways in which students keep discipline: ways in which students keep motivationmotivation

What motivates What motivates students?students?

What motivates What motivates students?students?

fearfear desiredesire music contests/competitionmusic contests/competition awardsawards testing & gradingtesting & grading performancesperformances photographs & recordings (documentation)photographs & recordings (documentation) group spirit & camaraderiegroup spirit & camaraderie complimentscompliments

Discipline & Behavior Discipline & Behavior ModificationModification

B.F. Skinner – Behavior modification - B.F. Skinner – Behavior modification - “operant conditioning” people will like “operant conditioning” people will like something if the consequence is rewarding something if the consequence is rewarding (positive/negative reinforcement)(positive/negative reinforcement)

Assertive discipline – spell out all expected Assertive discipline – spell out all expected behaviors and consequences (rewards & behaviors and consequences (rewards & punishments, or bribes & threats?)punishments, or bribes & threats?)

Preventative discipline – focuses on avoiding Preventative discipline – focuses on avoiding problems altogetherproblems altogether

Three common Three common approaches to disciplineapproaches to disciplineauthoritarian – strict rules & regulations, authoritarian – strict rules & regulations,

enforced by the teacherenforced by the teacherpermissive – sets few limits on behavior – permissive – sets few limits on behavior –

chaos is the normchaos is the normdemocratic – based on more “dos” than democratic – based on more “dos” than

“don’ts”“don’ts”

What do you think are What do you think are most common most common

problems?problems?

What do you think are What do you think are most common most common

problems?problems? talkingtalking students who can’t participate (illness, broken students who can’t participate (illness, broken

instruments, etc.)instruments, etc.) rehearsal & performance attendancerehearsal & performance attendance gum chewinggum chewing postureposture

  Practical Suggestions Practical Suggestions

for Disciplinefor Discipline teacher appearanceteacher appearance teacher/ student teacher/ student

interactionsinteractions professional relationsprofessional relations use of teacher voiceuse of teacher voice class preparationclass preparation eye contacteye contact sense of humorsense of humor

discipline & discipline & reprimandreprimand

consistencyconsistency student student

conferencesconferences positive positive

classroom classroom environmentenvironment

Conflict ResolutionConflict Resolution

describe specific problem describe specific problem think of solutions – choose most appropriate think of solutions – choose most appropriate

for situation & those involvedfor situation & those involvedDocument problems –Document problems –Ask for helpAsk for helpKeep people in the loopKeep people in the loop

Rehearsal DisciplineRehearsal Discipline

pacing pacing preparationpreparationorganization & room set uporganization & room set up rules should be posted, and simple rules should be posted, and simple eye contact eye contact

What would you do?What would you do?

What would you do??What would you do??From page Walker, p. 61From page Walker, p. 61

““A choral member is slouching in her A choral member is slouching in her chair at the beginning of rehearsal. chair at the beginning of rehearsal. The teacher, in a quiet, offhand The teacher, in a quiet, offhand manner says, “Mary, please sit up.” manner says, “Mary, please sit up.” Mary complies but calls the teacher Mary complies but calls the teacher a”@&$^@#!” just loud enough for a”@&$^@#!” just loud enough for the teacher and several students to the teacher and several students to hear. What would you do?”hear. What would you do?”

What would you do??What would you do??From page Walker, p. 61From page Walker, p. 61

““A student asks to be A student asks to be excused from a concert excused from a concert performance to go sailing with performance to go sailing with his father. The teacher denies his father. The teacher denies the request. The student goes the request. The student goes sailing anyway. What would sailing anyway. What would you do?”you do?”

What would you do??What would you do??From page Walker, p. 61From page Walker, p. 61

““The teacher asks a The teacher asks a misbehaving student to stay misbehaving student to stay after school for punishment after school for punishment and the student fails to and the student fails to appear. What would you do if appear. What would you do if the student failed to appear a the student failed to appear a second time?”second time?”

What would you do??What would you do??From page Walker, p. 61From page Walker, p. 61

““A teacher observes a A teacher observes a student reading a book at student reading a book at every break during a band every break during a band rehearsal. What would you rehearsal. What would you do?”do?”

References

Super TeachingSuper Teaching by Eric Jensen by Eric Jensen Teaching Music, 2Teaching Music, 2ndnd edition edition by Darwin E. by Darwin E.

WalkerWalker

The Role of the Music The Role of the Music EducatorEducatorFrom: From: Teaching Music, 2Teaching Music, 2ndnd edition edition by Darwin E. Walker by Darwin E. Walker

Roles involved in Music Roles involved in Music EdEd

anticipating: foreseeing where program is anticipating: foreseeing where program is headed, or how decisions made today will effect & headed, or how decisions made today will effect & impact impact

orientating: identifying objectives (instructional, orientating: identifying objectives (instructional, personal, etc.) then getting them metpersonal, etc.) then getting them met

programming: determining what strategies will programming: determining what strategies will reach the determined objectivesreach the determined objectives

organizing: what kinds of organizational organizing: what kinds of organizational structures are needed to efficiently run the structures are needed to efficiently run the program(s)program(s)

Roles….Roles….

staffing: determining who can help meet staffing: determining who can help meet goals & objectives. Can be student goals & objectives. Can be student assistants, parents/booster club, peers, etc.assistants, parents/booster club, peers, etc.

resourcing: knowing how the school budget resourcing: knowing how the school budget works, what additional funding is available, works, what additional funding is available, and how your program fits inand how your program fits in

leading: developing motivational skillsleading: developing motivational skillsexecuting: following throughexecuting: following through

……Roles, …Roles, …

changing: follow a “patient and thoughtful” changing: follow a “patient and thoughtful” procedureprocedure

diagnosing & analyzing conflict: finding diagnosing & analyzing conflict: finding problems & solutions – working as your own problems & solutions – working as your own advocateadvocate

deciding & resolving: taking action towards deciding & resolving: taking action towards conflictconflict

coordinating: provide leadership in broad coordinating: provide leadership in broad circumstancescircumstances

……and more roles.and more roles.

communicating: have channels for spreading communicating: have channels for spreading the word about your programthe word about your program

politicking: know the internal & external politicking: know the internal & external “power centers”“power centers”

controlling: monitor progresscontrolling: monitor progressappraising: evaluate final results, and share appraising: evaluate final results, and share

these results with stake holdersthese results with stake holders