claudia ingham , lisbeth goddik , david hendrix , duo ... oak.pdfconclusions poison oak changes the...
TRANSCRIPT
CONCLUSIONSPoison oak changes the immune-related miRNAs profile of milk exosomes:
Poison oak affect milk composition Yes
Few miRNAs affected metabolism Yes
Pasteurization amount and affect proportion of miRNAs from milk exosomes.
all RNA
Proportion specific miRNA affected cancer and metabolism why??
Emily Sahagun1, Jimmy Bell2, Jennifer Belveal1, Sarah Akers1, Randi Wilson1, Chelsey Naito1,
Claudia Ingham1, Lisbeth Goddik3, David Hendrix2, Duo Jiang4, and Massimo Bionaz1
INTRODUCTION
Urushiol, the allergen present in Toxicodendron
diversilobum (western poison oak), is responsible for
contact dermatitis.
More than 70% of adults have a reaction to
urushiol, making this an important problem in the
Northwest of the US.
There is a popular belief that consumption of
milk from goats fed with poison oak provides
resistance to allergic contact dermatitis.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small 18-25nt RNAs
functioning in post-transcriptional regulation.
miRNAs are horizontally transferred between cells
in the same organism; it is also possible they could be
transferred between organisms.
Milk has a large number of exosomes containing
miRNAs that are highly enriched for immune-related
function.
Therefore, it is possible that the putative beneficial
effect of milk from goats fed poison oak is due to
changes in miRNAs content of exosomes in goat’s
milk.
PILOT STUDY
Goal: to assess the fate of urushiol in lactating dairy goats fed with poisonoak. Two lactating Saanen goats weighing 70±2 kg were housed with their triplets
at the OSU Sheep Center. Their pens were divided into a feeding area and social
area. Milk yield of the does was 3.3± 0.7 kg per day. Poison oak was presented to
the adult females at 8 am and 6 pm daily, separate from the kids, in raised feeders.
The goats were fed up to 2 kg of poison oak at each feeding. They were offered
2.8 kg of orchard grass, 2.5 kg Alfalfa, and 1.3 kg whole corn plus minerals at 11
am and 8 pm each day.RESULTS
No urushoil was found in blood, milk, or plasma of the goats fed poison oak.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
LITERATURE CITED Gartner, B. L., C. Wasser, E. Rodriguez, and W. L. Epstein. 1993. Seasonal Variation of Urushiol Content in Poison Oak Leaves. Dermatitis 4:33-36.
Kouakou, B., D. Rampersad, E. Rodriguez, and D. L. Brown. 1992. Dairy goats used to clear poison oak do not transfer toxicant to milk. California
Agriculture 46(3):4-6
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The research was supported by the Agricultural Research Foundation (OR). Grant#8283A
Luigi and Caroline Meneghelli of Inavale farm
8AM and 6PM goats were isolated from the kids for
3 hours and up to 2 kg of Poison oak was provided.
Daily dry matter intake of poison oak was recorded
Animals were fed twice a day (11AM and 8PM) with
2.8 kg Orchard grass, 2.5 kg Alfalfa, and 1.3 kg
whole corn plus minerals
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, OR, 97331, USA 3Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, OR, 97331, USA
2Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, OR, 97331, USA4Statistics Department, Oregon State University, OR, 97331, USA
Main findings:
Poison oak affect piRNAs
Pasteurization proportion of piRNAs
Poison oak was freshly collected from
Inavale Farm (Philomath, OR) each 2-3
days
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of feeding poison oak on 1) milk
yield and composition, and 2) abundance of various
miRNA in milk exosomes. Furthermore, an
additional objective was to assess the effect of
pasteurization on abundance of various miRNA in
milk exosomes.
The poison oak did not affect milk yield, total solid in the milk, the energy content of the
milk, overall feed intake of the goats or the kids, and the body weight of the kids; however,
several parameters of the milk were affected by poison oak. Feeding poison oak also
negatively affected body weight (76.1 vs. 74.1 in control vs. poison oak fed goats, p<0.01).
Feeding poison oak affected
did not affect the
expression of miRNA, but
piwi associated RNA
(piRNA) expression was
affected.
Pasteurization decreased
significantly the levels of
piRNA
Heptadecylcatechol
Heptadecenylcatechol
Heptadecadienylcatechol
Heptadecatrienylcatechol
URUSHOIL COMPOSITION
Out of 431 annotated goat miRNA we identified 98 present in
all samples
ng RNA/mL milk (log2)
Control Poison Oak
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0Pasteurized
Raw a
a
bb
Total reads (log2)
20
21
22
23
24
25
a
a
b
miRNA hit (log2)
10
12
14
16
18
20
Pasteurization No No Yes
Poison Oak Yes No No
No No Yes
Yes No NoPasteurization significantly decreased total
RNA isolated from milk exosomes Pasteurization significantly decreased total sequence reads of RNA isolated
from milk exosomes, but did not affect the total amount of annotated miRNA