clean air for delhi
DESCRIPTION
This document presents the air quality modeling project in Delhi (2010 Commonwealth Games)TRANSCRIPT
French Ministery of Economy, Finance andEmploymentDirection générale du Trésor (DGT)139, rue de Bercy - Télédoc 23075572 Paris cedex 12 – France Tel: +33 (0)1 40 04 04 04Fax: +33 (0)1 53 18 96 04
French Embassy in IndiaRegional economic serviceAndré Malraux Marg2/50 E ShantipathChanakyapuriNew Delhi 110 021Tel: +91 (0)11 2419 6300Fax: +91 (0)11 2419 6309Website: www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/se/inde/E-mail: [email protected]
ARIA Technologies SA
Armand ALBERGEL8/10, rue de la Ferme
92100 Boulogne-BillancourtFrance
Tel: +33 (0)1 46 08 68 60Fax: +33 (0)1 41 41 93 17E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.aria.fr
LEOSPHERE
Laurent SAUVAGE14/16 rue Jean Rostand, 91400 Orsay – France
Tel: +33 (0)1 81 87 05 00 – Fax: +33 (0)1 81 87 05 01 E-mail: [email protected] – Website: www.leosphere.com
Representative in India:Microcomm India – B-3 Ansal Chambers
1, 3 Bhikaji Cama Place, New Delhi 110 066 – India.E-mail: [email protected]
Tel: +91 (0)11 2618 1057, 58 – Fax: +91 (0)11 2618 1059
Clean AirDelhi 2010for and beyond
Central Pollution Control BoardParivesh Bhawan – CBD-cum-Office Complex – East Arjun Nagar – Delhi 110 032 – India
Tel: +91 (0)11 2230 7233 – Fax: +91 (0)11 2230 4948 – E-mail: [email protected] – Website: www.cpcb.nic.in
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The air qualityindex which theCentral PollutionControl Board isnow able toprovide daily tothe Delhi’s citizens.
“Clean Air for Delhi 2010 and Beyond”, the pilotprogram implemented through Indo-Frenchcooperation, allows the Central Pollution ControlBoard to provide air quality forecasts for the next48 hours. Now, the citizens of Delhi and the media —
like many in other parts of theworld — can check air qualityforecasts for their city, just asthey do for the weather.
An advanced notificationsystem on daily airquality has been
developed for the public andthe media for the NationalCapital Region (NCR) of Delhi,through the "Clean Air for Delhi2010 and Beyond" programfunded by the FrenchGovernment. The system wasdeveloped by two French firms— Aria Technologies andLeosphere — in technicalcollaboration with the CentralPollution Control Board (CPCB)in Delhi. The system startedoperating during theCommonwealth Games inOctober 2010.
Aria Technologies and Leospherehad previously developed asimilar system for Beijing duringthe Olympic Games in 2008, andare also developing one for Riode Janeiro (Brazil) as part of theOlympics 2016 preparations.
This program covers 52 x 52 kmof the NCR, which means that aforecast is available for everynook and corner of the region,including special points ofinterest such as the stadiumsand venues during theCommonwealth Games.
While the system is based ona model combining theatmospheric physics of weatherforecasting and atmosphericchemistry, the inputs includeemission intensities frommultiple sources contributing tothe growing air pollutionproblem in Delhi: vehicleexhausts and road dust,industrial emissions, residentialfuel use, generator sets,garbage burning, etc.A number of surveys wereconducted to collectinformation on these sourcesand compiled to make aninformed forecast of air quality.
The data also includeinformation from the existingmonitoring network operatedby CPCB and a laser-based lidarnetwork deployed in the regionto establish horizontal andvertical profiles of particulate
matter (PM),the mostharmful of thepollutants tohuman health.A network ofstationary andmobile lidarsoperatedduring the CommonwealthGames in October 2010 andthe data were utilized tocalibrate and validate themodeling system.
The “Clean Air for Delhi 2010and Beyond” program isdesigned to provide pollutionalerts to the public and themedia and hopefully minimizethe future instances of higherhealth impacts. As part of theoutputs, the air quality index(AQI) ranging between 0 and500, is also estimated for variousparts of the city and published
Delhi 2010for and beyond
The Commonwealth Games 2010The Commonwealth Games, aninternational multi-sport eventheld once every four years, are the
largest sporting event after the SummerOlympic Games and the Asian Games.Participating in the Games are athletesfrom the 54 member countries of theCommonwealth of Nations, representing2 billion people or 30% of the worldpopulation.
The 19th Commonwealth Games were heldin Delhi from 3 to 14 October 2010. It wasthe first time the Commonwealth Gameswere held in India, and the third time ina developing country, after Jamaica in1966 and Malaysia in 1998. Around6,000 athletes from 71 nations andterritories competed in 17 sports over12 days of competition and ceremonies.
as a common denominator formultiple pollutants. The systemis also utilized for air pollutionmanagement by studyingscenarios to control pollutionand evaluate the impacts ofurban projects on air quality.
The program relayed 48-hourforecasts of air quality duringthe Commonwealth Games tothe public, the athletes, and themedia. The system continues itsday to day operations under theleadership of CPCB in Delhi andmay be replicated in otherIndian cities.
Delhi is the capital and the second most populatedcity of India, housing more than 12 million
inhabitants, and the largest commercial center innorthern India. Industry includes textilemanufacturing, engineering, chemical,
metallurgical, rubber, plastic goods and powersectors. The per capita consumption of electricity is
one of the highest in India. The peak energydemand of Delhi has almost doubled from 2005 to2010. Rapid urbanization in Delhi has also resultedin a tremendous increase in the number of vehiclesand despite stricter norms and the introduction of
cleaner fuels like compressed natural gas (CNG) andliquefied petroleum gas (LPG), the air quality of
Delhi is still poor, due mainly to the traffic.
The daily averages for RSPM (respirable suspendedparticulate matter) in Delhi range between 150 and
200 micro-gm/m3, whereas the daily standard prescribed byCPCB is 100 micro-gm/m3, above which there is an increase in
the health impact with higher incidence of asthma, acutechronic bronchitis, eye irritations, and even premature death.
A regional lidarnetwork Aerosols come from varioussources; using light polarizationproperties, lidars (light detectionand ranging) can discriminatebetween spherical particles(anthropogenic sources orbiomass burning) and non-spherical particles(desert dust, etc.).
A network of lidars operated continuouslythroughout the CWG, and the assimilation ofthe lidar data into the regional model wastested. Aerosol lidars were then used forurban 3D monitoring studies in the vicinityof the main CWG venues. The 3D maps ofPM pollution obtained were used to validatethe urban model calculations.
An urban air qualityforecasting modelSetting up the forecasting model for Delhi tookthe Indian-French Aria team almost a year andinvolved the following steps:
• Development of an emissions inventoryincluding transport, industry, residential andtertiary, construction works and agriculture.
• Online estimation of natural sources, such asdust storms, agricultural burning, and forestfires.
• Setting up of a high resolution 3D modellingsystem which reconstructs detailed meteorological fieldsand produces concentration maps of pollutants on ahourly basis, covering key pollutants – PM, SO2, NOx, CO,hydrocarbons, and ozone.
• Treatment of the urban domain in a nested format into thenational and regional scales, providing valuable informationon pollution contributions due to long range transport.
The Delhi forecasting system is now interfaced with themonitoring data routinely collected and organized by CPCB.
The results from the national scale can be used by the IndianPCBs for the further support of the activities in other citiesof India with initial and boundary conditions development.
An acquisitionalgorithmconvertsconventionalaerosol profilesfrom lidars
into an aerosolprofile matchingthe forecastmodelrequirements.
Dust storms
Multilayeringaerosols againsttime and heightabove Delhi in
September 2010,monitored with an
EZ Aerosol Lidar.
The forecastingsystem runs ona multi-coreplatform with12 CPUs and all themodeling tools areprogrammed inparallel mode,established withgeo-referenceddatabases, andinterlinked withpost-processingtools for internetoutputs.
Mobile lidar measurements froma vehicle driven around Delhi during
the CWG (5/10/10).In addition to thevertical dynamics
of the atmosphere,they provide aunique picture
of the density ofsources and their
dispersion in space.
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