clean energy microgrids - hype or reality?
TRANSCRIPT
CLEAN ENERGY MICROGRIDS
Hype or Reality?
Own your power
Energy Management in Buildings and Cities -Trends, Opportunities & Barriers
April 13th, 2-4 PM, Porter School of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University
What is a Microgrid?
Controls load and generation onsite
Includes distribution wires
Connects or disconnects (island) from central grid with black-start capability
Provides energy 24/7, 365 days a year
2Think Microgrid A Discussion Guide for Policymakers, Regulators and End Users 2014, Energy Efficiency Markets, LLC
3
Who owns them?
Customer or third-party owned
Commercial and industrial areas
Educational campuses
Communities and neighbourhoods
4Think Microgrid A Discussion Guide for Policymakers, Regulators and End Users 2014, Energy Efficiency Markets, LLC
The University of Texas microgrid
140MW
100 percent of power
heating and cooling to 150 campus buildings
20 million square feet
Operating 40 years with 99.9998% reliability 5
6
Why microgrids?
1. Improves asset profitability
2. Avoids rising costs of main grid
3. Meets rising peak demand at lower cost
4. Control during unplanned outages
5. Reduces carbon emissions
7
1. Improves property profitability
Continue to generate revenue regardless of whether the main grid is operating or not
Utility costs available for resale rather than as a pass through cost paid to utility
8
2. Avoids rising costs
9
3. Meets rising peak demand
Defers costly and lengthy transmission upgrades
Increases reserve margins
10
Duck shaped demand curve
11
4. Greater control of supply and costs
Severe weather such as Superstorm Sandy leading cause of power outages in USA
Losses risen to $200 billion per year in the last decade, globally
Unplanned outages also due to under investment, lack of maintenance, substation and transmission line equipment failures
12Major Power Outages in the US, and around the World IEEE Reliability Society 2009 Annual Technology Report, James McLinn Rel-Tech Group
4. Unplanned outages trends
Major power outages increasing everywhere, over the last 20 years
13
Major Power Outages in the US, and around the World IEEE Reliability Society 2009 Annual Technology Report, James McLinn Rel-Tech Group
14
5. Reduces carbon emissions
Cost effectively lowers carbon emissions by using waste heat, demand response, solar, wind, fuel cells and batteries
Improved access to climate change financing, meets national environmental laws and emissions reduction targets
15
The Micro(grid) Solution to the Macro Challenge of Climate Change
16
Can microgrids operate legally?
South Carolina state has jurisdiction over
the sale of power from rooftop solar
panels to a host
Connecticut allows microgrids to sell
across power across public streets
17March 2013 Public Utilities Fortnightly article, “Peaceful Co-Existence,” Sara Brown and Paul McCary
Why Israel should get onboard
1,437 microgrids worldwide, 13 GW
$40 billion annually by 2020, up from $10 billion in 2013
Clean energy investment in China, Africa, the US, Latin America and India $328.9bn in 2015
18
Source: Q4 2015 Microgrid Deployment Tracker released by Navigant Research and Bloomberg, January 2016
Microgrid EcoSystem
19http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/cumulative-us-microgrid-investments-will-surpass-3.5-billion-from-2015-thro
•G
ove
rnm
en
t in
stit
uti
on
s •
Edu
cati
on
al c
amp
use
s•
Co
mm
erc
ial a
nd
ind
ust
rial
•C
om
mu
nit
y an
d u
tilit
ies
•Is
lan
d a
nd
re
mo
te “
off
-gri
d”
mic
rogr
ids
What’s the ROI of microgrids?
20
Pay for themselves due to cost savings
Avoidance of transmission upgrade and
Continual operations
Texas U Microgrid, Princeton U MG and many others have achieved net savings
Timing is right
Bankable energy storage (batteries)
Solar PV costs reduced by 95% over 10 years
Improved microgrid power control software (IoT)
Operations and regulations simplified
21
22
Barriers to exponential growth
Reform energy, capacity and ancillary markets
Allowed to serve as their own balancing authority when in island mode
Provide compensation for congestion relief
Recognize value of black start capabilities
23
Opportunities for Israeli Companies
“it is more economically viable for a hybrid PV-CSP power plant with Molten Salt storage to operate baseload in comparison to hybrid PV-diesel” or PV-battery
This is true for Chile and South Africa, North Africa, Australia, East Africa, India and China
24
Solar PV-CSP Hybridisation for Baseload Generation - A Techno-economic Analysis for the Chilean Market - Kevin Larchet, Master of Science Thesis KTH School of Industrial Engineering and Management Energy Technology
Current microgrid R&D activity
US DoE goals for R&D activities
reducing outage time by more than 98% at a cost comparable to non-integrated baseline solutions
reducing emissions by more than 20% and
improving system energy efficiencies by more than 20% by 2020.
25
Microgrid R&D focus
Planning and design
Operations and control
Standardization of design, contracting, installation, security, and operation
26
The Smart Power Infrastructure Demonstration and Energy Reliability and Security (SPIDERS) project a Joint Capability Technology Demonstration between Departments of Energy, Defense and Homeland Security (at SANDIA and NREL)
Project Example
Project Location
Simulation Model inputs
Load Profile
Location Abuja Nigeria
Latitude 9 degrees 4.59 minutes North
Longitude 9 degrees 4.59 minutes North
Time zone Africa/Lagos
Data source Synthetic
Daily noise 5%
Hourly noise 5%
Scaled annual average load 25,131.744 kWh/d
Scaled peak load 2,786.1260kW
Load factor 37.58%
27
Proposed Configuration
28
PV Generic flat plate PV 5,550 kW
Generator Autosized 3,500 kW
Battery Generic 1kWh Lead Acid 2,500 Strings
Converter System Converter 2,300 kW
Grid None 0 kW
Dispatch Strategy
Cycle Charging
System architecture
29
Sources
• http://microgridknowledge.com/mice-microgrids-profile-one-us-largest-microgrids/
• http://www.csemag.com/single-article/case-study-microgrid-at-princeton-university/a852c6c36420f738c8ecf66de7aa3dd1.html
• http://www.demandresponsesmartgrid.org/resources/Documents/Case%20Studies/SDGE%20Borrego%20Springs%20Case%20Study%20FINAL.pdf
• Aggregating Levelized Cost Functions In Microgrids For Transmission Grid Operation Jhi-Young Joo, Sriram Raghavan, and Pourya ShamsiDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla, Missouri
• Unplanned outages according to a 2008 estimate by the World Energy Council
• According to a GE report “SAN DIEGO – February, 2015
• http://www.hobokennj.org/2013/06/city-of-hoboken-us-department-of-energy-nj-board-of-public-utilities-pseg-partner-to-develop-resilient-electric-grid/
• ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF INCREASING ELECTRIC GRID RESILIENCE TO WEATHER OUTAGES Executive Office of the President August 2013
• The New Economics of Battery Storage
• http://www.rmi.org/elab_accelerator_2015_hoboken_microgrid_development
• https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/santiago_canizares.pdf
• DNV KEMA points out in its August 2013 paper, “Microgrids for Fun and Profit”.
• Costs of Utility Distributed Generators, 1-10 MW Twenty-Four Case Studies 1007760 EPRI
• Backup Power Cost of Ownership Analysis and Incumbent Technology Comparison J. Kurtz, G. Saur, S. Sprik, and C. Ainscough National Renewable Energy Laboratory Prepared under Task No. H279.1710
• Major Power Outages in the US, and around the World IEEE Reliability Society 2009 Annual Technology Report, James McLinn Rel-Tech Group
30
THANKS!
• Daniel Schwab
• +972 544800 146
• Linkedin: https://il.linkedin.com/in/danielschwab
31