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ANNUAL REPORT TO THE MEMBERSHIP

2003i

New York State Defenders Association194 Washington Avenue, Suite 500

Albany, NY 12210-2314

www.nysda.org

Client-Defender Speak Out

Celebrating the 40th Anniversary of

Gideon v. Wainwrightand the

Right to CounselMarch 18, 2003


Albany, NY 12210-2314

518.465.3524 • fax [email protected] • www.nysda.org

TABLE OF CONTENTSMission Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ivOfficers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ivDirectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ivAdvisory Board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ivStaff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

New York State

Defenders

Association

ANNUAL REPORT

TO THE

MEMBERSHIP

2003

iii

Introduction: The Challenge of Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Celebrating Gideon’s Changes, Seeking its Promise

NYSDA in 2003: Guiding Change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Active Advisory Board and Organizer Push for Change

NYSDA Helps Counties Adapt to New Measures

Case Management System Changes Defense Data Collection

Case Digests, Updated Expert Directory Now on the Web

While Reporting on Change, the REPORT Continues to Evolve

NYSDA.org Reports Changes As they Occur

The 35th Annual Meeting and Conference: Digital and

Face-to-Face Exchanges

Departing Deputy Speaker Eve Honored

National Trends in Criminal Justice Decried

Problems of Problem-Solving Courts Discussed

Chiefs Share Experiences

IDP: Where Immigration Law Interfaces with Criminal Defense

Publications by the IDP Recount Changes

IDP Amicus Briefs Support Defense Claims

NYSDA in the Courts on the Web

NYSDA Trainings Change Only For the Better

NYSDA Increased Co-Sponsorship of CLE

The High Quality of NYSDA Training Doesn’t Change

Details of BTSP Did Change

The Year’s CLE at a Glance

The Backup Center is More than Technology

NYSDA Works for Positive Changes In Many Forums

Supporting New York City Efforts for Public Defense Reform

Advocating Change in Law and Procedure

National Conference Leads to Statewide Reentry Group

Pilot Diversion Project Seeks Changes for Mentally Ill

Defendants

Regional Chief Defenders Work for Local Change

NYSDA Staff Meet the Challenges of Change

NYSDA Members 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Application for Membership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Annual Report of Directors Pursuant to Not-for-Profit

Corporation Law 519 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

OFFICERS

Edward J. Nowak, PresidentNorman P. Effman, Vice PresidentPeter L. McShane, Vice PresidentNorman Shapiro, Vice PresidentMerble H. Reagon, SecretaryMarsha Weissman, Treasurer

DIRECTORS

Cary BrickerJohn H. Ciulla, Jr.Edward R. HammockSusan R. HornGary A. HortonKathryn M. KaseDavid L. LewisRobert D. LonskiMichele MaxianLeonard E. NoisetteJohn W. Parker, IIILouise PerrottaStephen J. PittariDavid SteinbergRobin G. SteinbergWilliam P. Sullivan, Jr.E. Vincent Warren

ADVISORY BOARD

Marion H. Hathaway, Chair

Lenore BanksAlison ColemanRobert FlunoryAlice P. GreenEdith N. JonesDarryl P. KingPaquita Y. Wheeler

THE BACKUP CENTER

Housed in an office a few blocks from the govern-mental offices of the Empire State Plaza and bor-dering one of Albany’s low-income neighbor-

hoods, the Public Defense Backup Center providesresources to public defense lawyers, public offi-cials, and others in every county across the state.Help is available by mail, telephone, facsimile, e-mail, and the NYSDA web site.

THE IMMIGRANT DEFENSE PROJECT

In November, 2002, NYSDA’s Immigrant DefenseProject (IDP) moved into new office space in NewYork City. The IDP is subletting space from theNew York Association for New Americans, animmigrant and refugee services provider, in anoffice building in downtown Manhattan.

STAFF

Jonathan E. Gradess, Executive Director

Charles F. O’Brien, Managing Attorney

Barbara Baggott, Executive Assistant

Dawn Allert, Office Coordinator

Karla M. Andreu, Community Organizer

David L. Austin, MIS Director

Stephanie Batcheller, Backup Center Staff Attorney

Lorelei Boylan, Immigrant Defense Project Intern

Niurka Calcano, Immigrant Defense Project Administrative Assistant

Mardi Crawford, Backup Center Staff Attorney

Darlene Dollard, Project Manager

Stephen F. Downs, Investigator

Mary Durgee, Accountant

Milena Hanukov, Legal Intern

Matt Hawkins, Legal Intern

Shahrul Ladue, Legal Secretary

Odaliz Martinez, Immigrant Defense Project Intern

Alfred O’Connor, Backup Center Staff Attorney

Debernee Pugh, Volunteer Research Associate

Ken R. Strutin, Legal Information Consultant

Manuel D. Vargas, Immigrant Defense ProjectDirector

Briana Wentworth, Secretary

Marianne C. Yang, Immigrant Defense Project Staff Attorney

iv

MISSION STATEMENT

The New York State Defenders Association, a not-for-profit membership organization, has been providingsupport to New York’s criminal defense community since 1967. Its mission is to improve the quality andscope of publicly supported legal representation to low income people.

Introduction: The Challenge of Change

Experimentation and new methods of proceeding occurred in New

York State over the last twelve months—at NYSDA, in the State

Legislature, and in several counties. Knowing how things were done

in the past didn’t mean one knew how they would be done this year,

or how they will be done in the future.

For example, when planning the Defender Institute Basic Trial

Skills Program (BTSP) after a year’s hiatus due to funding, NYSDA

didn’t follow the blueprint used before. The new program, with

increased hands-on experience for the participants, was well received.

Careful evaluation of the results of this change will lead to an even

better event.

When passing the state budget, the Legislature didn’t follow the

usual path; instead, it passed budget bills over a gubernatorial veto.

The effect of this process on public defense programs is still unclear.

Discretionary funds for programs such as NYSDA, Prisoners’ Legal

Services of New York, Inc., and Neighborhood Defender Service of

Harlem remain frozen by the executive months after the budget

passed.

More fundamentally, when increasing assigned counsel fees for

the first time since 1986, the Legislature did not just insert bigger num-

bers into Article 18-B of the County Law. The new law provides dedi-

cated revenue streams to support some state funding, not just for

increased assigned counsel fees but for all types of public defense

programs permitted under 18-B. NYSDA immediately analyzed the

new law and continues to respond to inquiries about it.

The new law, which increases assigned counsel rates beginning

in 2004 and will send state money to localities in 2005, caused several

counties to begin or expedite exploration and implementation of new

plans for providing public defense services. NYSDA is working with

counties and Chief Defenders to improve the representation that

clients receive as change occurs.

On another front, NYSDA added a community organizer to its

staff with a grant from the Open Society Institute. Working with the

NYSDA Client Advisory Board, Karla Andreu is building a client voice

in how public defense services are provided and client community

support for reform of public defense services. In hearings and other

forums, evidence of strong support for needed, client-centered reform

is growing.

The world of New York State public defense has not, of course,

been made new. It is yet to be seen whether the legislative reform is

sufficient to improve public defense services or to provide significant

relief to counties. For now, serious problems and serious efforts to

solve them continue across the state. NYSDA continues to address the

I think we certainly needstandards statewide.

It’s just not enough tohave a warm body sittingthere, that’s for sure. Youneed to have somebody

who can be effective.

—Richard Barbuto

From my standpointbeing able to run an

office that is driven bythe clients’ needs rather

than the specific casethat brings that clientthrough the door is

where we need to get to.

—Gary Horton

1

problems and to provide a variety of services. To assist in identifying

problems and possible solutions, Stephen F. Downs, formerly the

Chief Attorney at the Commission on Judicial Conduct, has volun-

teered to work at the Backup Center as an attorney investigator.

Creation of a statewide, independent public defense commission

remains crucial for long-term reform of New York State public defense

services. Bills establishing a commission have been introduced by

Senator Dale M. Volker (S. 1894) and Assembly Member Joseph R.

Lentol (A. 5394). Over sixty assembly members and senators have

signed onto these bills.

Celebrating Gideon’s Changes, Seeking its Promise

On March 18, 2003, NYSDA and others celebrated the changes

wrought in criminal justice by the United State Supreme Court deci-

sion in Gideon v. Wainwright forty years ago. Clients and lawyers told

stories about what Gideon has—and has not yet—done. Quotes from

that Client-Defender Speak Out appear throughout this report, to

inspire clients, defenders, and their supporters to continue to fight for

clients’ rights. The quotes illustrate the need for more change, the

strength of support for positive change, and the type of client-centered

representation that only change will bring.

NYSDA in 2003: Guiding Change

From steering public defense programs through fundamental, systemic

change to helping lawyers keep up with technological advances,

NYSDA offers critical support at many different levels. Using tested

measures and trying new ones, the Association continued for the thir-

ty-sixth year to support New York’s criminal defense community and

to seek improvement in the quality and scope of publicly supported

legal representation to poor people. It is the clients whose interests

drive all the work.

Active Advisory Board and Organizer Push for Change

The Association’s Client Advisory Board, which is created in the by-

laws and must be made up of at least fifty percent “poor people or

their legitimate representatives,” met several times in the past year,

drafting client standards for evaluation of public defense representa-

tion and deciding on strategies for pursuing needed reforms. Working

with them, the community organizer hired in February 2003 with grant

funds from the Open Society Institute planned the March 18 Client-

Defender Speak Out mentioned above as well as hearings on the draft

2 NYSDA 2003 ANNUAL REPORT TO THE MEMBERSHIP

Gideon is a process ofstruggle. . . . It’s aconstant battle to

keep those rights that Gideon gave us.

—Robert Massi

When we talk about theneed to provide holisticservices to our clients

very frequently what thatmeans is providing civillegal assistance to ourclients, clients that arefacing eviction one day

and a petty larcenycharge the next day.

—Susan Horn

standards and in client communities with unique characteristics and

defense problems, such as migrant farmworkers. Experience to date

shows that when they have appropriate venues and support, clients

across the state will raise their voices for a fair public defense system

in New York. A public education campaign for improving public

defense systems will use these clients’ stories of how some were

helped by zealous representation and others were devastated by poor

lawyering created by systemic defects.

NYSDA Helps Counties Adapt to New Measures

Counties, required by state law to provide public defense services to

eligible clients in criminal and certain Family Court and other proceed-

ings, look to NYSDA for information and assistance when evaluating

how to meet that state mandate. This has been especially true since

passage of the new law relating to public defense, and requests for

consultation on the new law continue to arrive. NYSDA responds by

providing relevant national and professional standards of representa-

tion, applicable state statutory and case law, and suggestions for

gathering and analyzing local data.

Case Management System Changes Defense Data Collection

NYSDA helps public defender offices improve their collection and

reporting of case data though installation and support of the Public

Defense Case Management System (PDCMS). This increasingly popular

software is used across the state in large, established defender offices

and new, smaller ones. NYSDA works closely with individual offices

to ensure that, once installed, the PDCMS meets their unique needs.

The software is now supported in twelve offices, with several others

under contract or expressing interest.

Case Digests, Updated Expert Directory Now on the Web

The Case Digest System (CDS) is NYSDA software for that most basic

of legal tasks, keeping up on and researching case law. The CDS con-

tinues to evolve and now reaches more lawyers

than ever. Containing case summaries published

by the Association since 1987, the CDS has been

available on a searchable CD-ROM since 2001.

Now, the summaries are available free on the

NYSDA web site. Subscribers still receive the

entire database, updated, on CD-ROM, with

bonus materials such as the New York City Assigned Counsel Expert

Witness Directory and the New York State Chief Defender List. With

NYSDA 2003 3

With all the specialtycourts that have been setup . . . you can’t just besomeone who knows thecriminal law any more,you really have to know

mental health issues, youhave to know treatment

issues, you really have tounderstand that stuff.

—Russell Neufeld

The attorney system for the poor people

needs to be overhauledand we need an

independent body to bein charge and with the

power to createguidelines and give

training to attorneys who want to represent

poor people.

—Darryl King

the CDS, NYSDA helps defense lawyers keep up with changes in the

law and find relevant cites quickly.

Users of NYSDA’s web site can also access the N.Y.C. Assigned

Counsel Plan Expert Witness Directory, which has been newly updat-

ed. In addition to placing the updated material on the site, NYSDA’s

information systems staff installed and configured new software, cus-

tomized the user interface and programmed new functionality to the

system so that adds, updates, and deletions (maintenance) of records

can be performed from the web, helping to keep the available data

current.

While Reporting on Change, the REPORT Continues to Evolve

Summaries of new, relevant appellate decisions are published in print

form in the Association’s newsletter, the Public Defense Backup Center

REPORT, before being collected in the CDS. Relevant changes from

the legislative branch are summarized annually in the REPORT ’s

Legislative Review. Regular departments include defense news (rang-

ing from changes in county public defense programs to developments

in evidence law), job notices, conference listings, substantive articles,

book reviews, and more. Lawyers can still throw the REPORT in their

briefcase to read at opportune moments, but they can also read it on

the Internet, weeks before the print copy arrives. Increasingly, cita-

tions and references in the REPORT are to online sources.

NYSDA.org Reports Changes As They Occur

All the defense news fit to link to can be found on the NYSDA web

site. Developments concerning assigned counsel rates, including the

new law that raises fees and provides state money for public defense,

are organized on a Hot Topics page. Frequently updated, the site

includes substantive legal topic areas such as Eyewitness Evidence,

specialty topics such as New York Capital Defense, and many

Research Links. The variety and quantity of information make

www.nysda.org useful to defense lawyers, related professionals such

as investigators and sentencing advocates, members of the client com-

munity, and government officials. Available from any Internet terminal,

the site is expanding the way lawyers and others access NYSDA’s

resources.

The 35th Annual Meeting and Conference: Digital and Face-to-Face Exchanges

The Criminal Defense Information Exchange, a familiar feature at the

Association’s annual membership meeting and CLE training confer-


We have two goals. One is to provide top

notch criminal defenserepresentation to our

clients; the other goal isto be a source of support

and inspiration for theneighborhood where we

are located.

—Aaron Mysliwiec

What we have to do is wehave to come together

and we have to create afamily across this state

of defense lawyers,defenders, defender

families, of all peoplewho are concerned

about the poor.

—Raymond Kelly

ence, used to be a defense lawyer’s book fair, with rows of tables

covered with print materials. In 2002, conferees received a CD-ROM

instead. This change allowed much more material to be included with-

out weighing down the participants or the conference budget.

Departing Deputy Speaker Eve Honored

Retiring Deputy Speaker of the New York State

Assembly Arthur O. Eve received NYSDA’s Service

of Justice Award during the conference in Niagara

Falls. Eve was recognized for his work for legisla-

tion to help poor people, working families, and

people of color during his thirty-four years in the

Assembly. While his retirement was a change that

many of his constituents mourned, he spoke pas-

sionately about plans for a foundation that would

continue his work for those most in need.

National Trends in Criminal Justice Decried

Speaking with equal passion, keynote speaker Lynne Stewart talked of

fearful changes in basic constitutional principles, particularly govern-

mental intrusion into attorney-client confidences. Stewart faces federal

charges based in part on what allegedly occurred during prison con-

ferences between Stewart and her client, Sheik Omar Abdel Rahman.

Problems of Problem-Solving Courts Discussed

Change of yet another type was the major topic at the Chief Defender

Convening held during the annual conference. Representatives of pub-

lic defense programs across the state discussed the fast growth of

“problem-solving courts,” what problems as well as opportunities they

present, and how defense lawyers are dealing with their expansion.

After the convening, NYSDA continued to monitor specialty

courts. Unified Court System (UCS) efforts to deal with the issue of

improper contacts between drug court judges and clients or others

regarding the clients’ cases in the absence of their lawyers received

comments that led to rescission of an initial UCS order and affirmation

by UCS that presence of counsel at all drug court proceedings, includ-

ing staffing meetings, is important.

Chiefs Share Experiences

The Chief Defenders of New York State meet, with NYSDA support, to

discuss ways of dealing with old and new problems in public defense.

Last year, in addition to the annual meeting, chiefs from across the

state met in Albany to share thoughts on a variety of issues. Because

NYSDA 2003 5

People who commitcrimes are people and

they are capable ofchange. They want to

change. And after theydo they will surprise you

with their tenacity,resourcefulness, courage

and strength.

—Lisa Schreibersdorf

There is a lack ofstandards, a pervasive

lack of resources, a lackof statewide account-ability but a surfeit of

gross pressures on thepolitical and professionalindependence of counsel.

That all adds up to asystem of representation

that lacks the highquality that defendants

and the American public,you and I and our

friends and families,need and deserve.

—Michael Whiteman


the criminal justice system is increasingly asked to handle situations

stemming from the mental illness of a defendant, the chiefs were

offered insights about clients with mental illness through a presenta-

tion by The Mental Health Players of the Capital District Psychiatric

Center.

IDP: Where Immigration Law Interfaces with Criminal Defense

Noncitizens are a group of clients whose cases present unique prob-

lems. For attorneys who do not regularly handle immigration matters,

expertise on what effects a criminal case may have on a client’s immi-

gration status can be found by calling NYSDA’s Immigrant Defense

Project (IDP) Hotline, Tuesday and Thursday between 1:30 and 4:30

p.m. Participating in a national effort called the Defending Immigrants

Partnership, NYSDA and IDP did intensive training of staff lawyers

from public defense offices across the state; the lawyers are to serve

as “in-house” immigration specialists. The IDP, which is supported by

grants from the New York Community Trust, the New York

Foundation, the Open Society Institute, and the Ford Foundation,

moved this year, to better serve the many who need its services.

Publications by the IDP Recount Changes

There are frequent legal changes that affect the interaction of criminal

proceedings and immigration law. The IDP updates its publications

frequently to help practitioners and immigrants learn about these

changes. The 2003 edition of the widely used and respected manual,

Representing Noncitizen Criminal Defendants in New York State,

became available this year. A frequently updated ”Removal Defense

Checklist in Criminal Charge Cases” for lawyers helping noncitizens in

removal proceedings based on criminal charges is available on the

Immigrant Defense Project page of the NYSDA web site. The page

includes many other materials, including “Immigration Practice Tips”

from past issues of the Association’s newsletter.

IDP Amicus Briefs Support Defense Claims

Writing, or finding pro bono firms and lawyers to write, amicus briefs

in important immigration cases involving criminal law is part of the

IDP’s work. In the past year, several courts that were considering

changing the law—sometimes for better, sometimes for worse—

received amicus briefs from the IDP before ruling. In particular, ami-

cus and other briefs written by the law firm of Wilmer, Cutler &

Pickering helped persuade the United States Court of Appeals for the

Immigrant DefenseProject—NYSDA

2 Washington St., 7 NorthNew York, NY 10004

Hotline #: 212.898.4132

More and morefrequently we are seeinginmates being releasedfrom the Department of

Correctional Serviceswho are dumped on the

street, many of themwith serious mental

problems ending up insmall communities

upstate with noresources, no money and

being cut off from themedications. . . . Andwithin a couple weeksthey are back in stateprison largely becausethere are inadequate

provisions for defenseservices in upstate

counties.

—Tom Terrizzi

Second Circuit to issue precedent decisions limiting the scope of

crimes covered by the immigration law “aggravated felony” term with

all its negative immigration consequences.

NYSDA in the Courts on the Web

NYSDA advocates for the rights of criminal defendants and the

improvement of the public defense system in state and federal courts.

In some cases, NYSDA seeks “friend of the court” (amicus curiae) sta-

tus or joins others in doing so. In a few cases, NYSDA has directly liti-

gated important issues affecting public defense. In the last year,

NYSDA participated in several cases involving issues at the interface of

criminal defense and immigration law, as well as cases involving the

right to counsel and the improper incarceration of sex offenders

beyond the maximum date for release:

• Dickson v Ashcroft (2nd Circuit, decided 2003)• Jobson v Ashcroft (2nd Circuit, decided 2003)• Matter of Coleman v Goord (3rd Department, decided 2003;

Court of Appeals, pending) • Matter of Guido v Goord (Court of Appeals, pending)• Matter of O’Connor v Travis (Supreme Court, Albany County,

ongoing)• Nolan v Holmes (2nd Circuit, pending)• People v Grice (Court of Appeals, pending)• People v Lasch (3rd Department, pending)• People v McDonald (Court of Appeals, pending)• People ex rel. O’Connor o.b.o. Lasch v Berbary & Travis (4th

Department, pending)• People ex rel. O’Connor o.b.o. Lasch v Berbary & Travis

(Supreme Court, Erie County, decided 2002)• Rankine v Reno (2nd Circuit, decided 2003)

Several of the briefs are available on the NYSDA web site.

NYSDA Trainings Change Only For the Better

Accredited by the New York State Continuing Legal Education Board

as a provider of CLE credits, NYSDA continued in the last year its

long tradition of providing high-quality training to criminal defense

attorneys.

Increased Co-Sponsorship of CLE

To increase affordable, relevant Continuing Legal Education (CLE)

available to New York defense lawyers, NYSDA co-sponsored more

events with other entities in the last year, including courts, other

defense organizations, and programs or agencies from other disci-

plines. The more notable of these included “Bridges and Barriers:

Integrating Community Mental Health and the Criminal Justice System

NYSDA 2003 7

The United States is aland of great promise.The ideals embodied inthe Gideon decision arejust such a promise . . .A promise that can bekept only if someone’s

willing to confront powerin the courts every single

day, to confront theState, confront its agents

in the courts, confrontthe police, to confront,

confront, confront. That’swhat we get paid to do.

—Robert Massi

for Adults with Severe Mental Illness,” an innovative event hosted by

the University of Rochester Department of Psychiatry, Project Link, and

the Monroe County Office of Mental Health.

In another example, NYSDA joined the United States District

Court for the Northern District of New York to introduce Capital

District lawyers to the high-tech courtroom of a future that is rapidly

becoming the present. Participants tried out equipment allowing

jurors, lawyers, witnesses, and the judge—or only some of them, as

needed—to see an exhibit or pleading simultaneously. They heard

about the new Case Management/Electronic Case Files system for

electronic filing. Basic instruction in better-known technology, from

PowerPoint presentations to web research, rounded out this training

on technological changes.

The High Quality of NYSDA Training Doesn’t Change

NYSDA sponsors a number of regional trainers in addition to provid-

ing a year’s worth of mandatory continuing legal education (MCLE)

credits at its annual meeting and conference. These help defense

lawyers, especially those from public defense offices with low training

budgets and high caseloads, get the MCLE they need to maintain their

professional status, at affordable rates, in accessible places, on topics

relevant to their work. Evaluations and attendance at these events

indicate that NYSDA provides a valued service.

Details of BTSP Did Change

As noted, the Defender Institute Basic Trial Skills Program (BTSP)

returned in 2003. Past participants would have recognized the pro-

gram, but with several changes intended to make the already award-

winning program even better. For example, demonstrations by coach-

es in the auditorium disappeared, to allow time for more “on your

feet” learning in the breakout rooms. Lectures were shorter. What did

not change was the focus on the client-centered representation that is

needed to win cases, the need to learn about a client’s life, not just

the time and place of her alibi or what clothing he wore on the day of

the alleged offense.

The Year’s CLE at a Glance• 35th Annual Meeting and Conference, NYSDA, July 2002,

Niagara Falls• New Legal Resources on the Internet, NYSDA, Aug. 2002,

New York City• Assigned Counsel Criminal Appeals Mandatory Eligibility

Training, NYSDA & 4th Dept., Sept. 2002, Rochester• Sex Offender Risk Assessment and Treatment Training,

NYSDA, Sept. 2002, Albany


There is like an utterhopelessness as parentsas you go in and you try

to do something onbehalf of your children

and you realize that youreally have absolutely no

power, you have novoice, you have no one

that’s interested inanything you have to say.You, at that point, startto think and remember

those days the old peopleused to talk about—

slavery time—and youthink how far you haven’t

moved from it becausewhat’s being played out

is that same type ofsyndrome.

—Sharonne Salaam

By all accounts mostwrongful convictions

involve more than oneunderlying cause and

some involve several. Themost common in my

estimation is ineffectiveassistance of counsel.

—Scott Christianson

• Courtroom Technology Seminar, NYSDA & U.S. DistrictCourt – North. Dist. of N.Y., Sept. 2002, Albany

• Bridges and Barriers: Integrating Community MentalHealth and the Criminal Justice Systems for Adults withSevere Mental Illness, NYSDA & the Univ. of RochesterMedical Center & others, Sept. 2002, Rochester

• New Legal Resources on the Internet, NYSDA, Oct. 2002,Syracuse

• Assigned Counsel Family Court Appeals MandatoryEligibility Training, NYSDA & 4th Dept., Oct. 2002,Rochester

• Federal Sentencing Seminar, NYSDA & Office of theFederal Public Defender Dists. of North. N.Y. and Vt., Oct.2002, Albany

• Sentencing Trainer, NYSDA attorney presented atNeighborhood Defender Service, Oct. 2002, New York City

• Criminal Defense Update 2002, NYSDA, Oct. 2002,Rochester

• Immigration Consequences of Criminal Convictions,NYSDA, Nov. 2002, Bronx

• Alternative Dispute Resolution Training, NYSDA & U.S.Dist. Court for the North. Dist. of N.Y., Nov. 2002, Rensselaer

• Sex Offender Registration Act, NYSDA attorney presentedat Assigned Counsel Plan—1st and 2nd Departments &Appellate Division, Nov. 2002, New York City

• 17th Annual Metropolitan New York Trainer, NYSDA, Mar.2002, New York City

• Criminal Defense Tactics and Techniques V, NYSDA, April2003, Rochester

• Federal Criminal Defense Update, NYSDA & Office of theFederal Public Defender Dists. of North. N.Y. and Vt., April2003, Syracuse

• Criminal Defense of Immigrants: Advanced Seminar forIn-house Immigrant Defense Experts, NYSDA, May 2003,New York City

• Criminal Defense of Immigrants: Advanced Seminar forIn-house Immigrant Defense Experts, NYSDA, May 2003,Buffalo

• 2003 Defender Institute Basic Trial Skills Program,NYSDA, June 2003, Troy

The Backup Center is More than Technology

Some things don’t change. NYSDA uses technology in many ways to

increase the assistance its small staff provides. But lawyers calling

from courthouse hallways for quick assistance when the unexpected

happens, client family members without access to the Internet, and

those who just don’t like computers can still call NYSDA’s Public

Defense Backup Center between 9 and 5:30, Monday through Friday,

and find a live, knowledgeable person to talk to. Direct defender serv-

ices requests from nearly every county in New York came into the

Backup Center this last year. From consultation on changing areas of

law to help finding an expert, from referrals to client support groups

NYSDA 2003 9

We need guidelines tomake sure that the

attorneys know what todo. There is no reasonwhy a client should notread his presentence

report, no reason. Andthe reason why that

happens is because mostattorneys don’t even

know, don’t even realizeit, don’t even think thatit’s important. And it’s

very important becausethis very same paper-work is what Parole

uses to hold people in.

—Darryl King

The right to counsel asguaranteed by Gideonis really symbolic and

illusory unless thecounsel is competent andzealous and really putshis or her whole heart

into the case.

-Joanne Legano Ross

to help finding something on the web, the Backup Center staff assists

neophyte lawyers and overwhelmed veteran attorneys alike.

NYSDA Works for Positive Changes In Many Forums

NYSDA staff participated in a variety of meetings and conferences in

the last year, sometimes advocating for change, sometime analyzing

changes that have already occurred. Always, NYSDA’s focus is on the

needs of clients and defense practitioners.

Supporting New York City Efforts for Public Defense Reform

Before passage of the statute increasing assigned counsel rates and

implementing limited public defense reform, NYSDA’s Executive

Director provided a statement to the Committee on Fire and Criminal

Justice Services of the Council of the City of New York. The subject

was a resolution, later passed, asking the Governor and Legislature to

increase assigned counsel rates to ninety dollars an hour with an infla-

tion index, no per-case caps, and full state funding of the increase.

NYSDA praised the Committee for its concern about public defense,

but urged it to look beyond assigned counsel fees to the need for

broader reform.

Advocating Change in Law and Procedure

The Chief Administrative Judge appointed NYSDA’s Senior Staff

Attorney to the Advisory Committee on Criminal Law and Procedure,

which recommends changes and improvements in the Penal Law and

Criminal Procedure Law.

National Conference Leads to Statewide Reentry Group

Several NYSDA staff members attended the National Legal Aid and

Defender Association conference in Milwaukee, the highlight of which

was a series of sessions on “Preparing for the Tidal Wave of Prisoner

Reentry: Equipping Civil Legal Aid and Defense Lawyers to Represent

the Whole Client.” Following that, NYSDA and a group of state civil

legal services providers, defense providers, and client advocates met

in Albany on this issue. Among the groups represented were the

Center for Community Alternatives, the Fifth Avenue Committee, and

Prison Families of New York, Inc., all of whom are represented on

NYSDA’s Board of Directors or Advisory Board.

Pilot Diversion Project Seeks Changes for Mentally Ill Defendants

NYSDA participated in meetings concerning the Albany County Jail

Diversion Project. This pilot project’s goal is to create a program to

divert eligible persons with mental illness and/or co-occurring mental


The court in reversingsaid it would seem to bea minimal requirement ofconstitutional competentrepresentation that an

attorney knows all of theelements necessary tosupport a conviction ofthe crime for which his

client is charged

—Joanne Legano Ross

The best way to reducethe incidence of

wrongful conviction is to improve the quality

of legal services for thepoor to such an extentthat they can receive

fair and equal treatmentunder law.

—Scott Christianson

illness and substance abuse from the criminal justice system before

they are incarcerated, placing them instead in appropriate mental

health and substance abuse treatment. Providing a statewide defense

perspective, NYSDA in turn received information to share with

defense providers and localities dealing with this important issue.

Regional Chief Defenders Work for Local Change

The Chief Defenders in the Eighth Judicial Circuit began meeting in

the last year to discuss matters of mutual concern. Modeled on the

statewide Chief Defender Convenings hosted by NYSDA, these gather-

ings provide a cost-effective way for chiefs to share ideas on how to

solve common problems and provide quality representation in their

region. The attendance of a Backup Center Staff Attorney makes possi-

ble a broader sharing of the information collected.

NYSDA Staff Meet the Challenges of Change

Carrying on the work of the Association in the face of budgetary

uncertainty and political unpopularity, the staff of the Backup Center

and the Immigrant Defense Project share the commitment and courage

of the best public defense practitioners relying on NYSDA for support.

Legal and support staff alike further NYSDA’s mission by continuing

practices that assist it and learning new skills and practices. Behind

every training, every publication, every consultation and referral, every

web site update—behind everything that bears the NYSDA name—lie

the efforts of a small, dedicated group of people with myriad talents

and expertise. Their names are not listed by each of their achieve-

ments, but all their work is appreciated. �

NYSDA 2003 11

A judge was braggingabout that. I was a courtmonitor for awhile and

he was very happy to tellus county monitors thatthe county enjoys a 97percent conviction rate.And I said sir, don’t you

think something is wrong with that?

—Angela Leverett

I think one of thebiggest problems we

have is that defendantsvery often feel they can’tspeak to the lawyer, theyare not getting through

because they don’t speaklegalese and that you are

not really listening tothem. . . . And I think

maybe we need to stress this listening.

—Lenore Banks

Anthony D. Abbarno, BuffaloGlenn R. Abolafia, New YorkGary Abramson, GoshenF. Stanton Ackerman, AlbanyCarl F.W. Adamec, SchenectadySalvatore C. Adamo, PhillipsburgChristine Adamowicz, UniondaleMartin B. Adelman, New YorkFern S. Adelstein, OleanJerry M. Ader, AtticaBurton C. Agata, HudsonLouis R. Aidala, New YorkRosalyn Akalonu, New CityKaelin Akohonae, BronxMichael M. Albanese, GloversvilleRhonda L. Albright, BronxDawn M. Allert, AlbanyMichael Alperstein, New YorkMark H. Alquist, RochesterChristopher A. Amato, AlbanyFrancis C. Amendola, BuffaloKevin M. Andersen, BataviaLeigh E. Anderson, BuffaloRichard R. Anderson, AmherstLawrence J. Andolina, RochesterDolores Andrews, BrooklynJohn J. Andrews, Port JeffersonThomas E. Andruschat, East AuroraTimothy Andruschat, BuffaloMarina Angel, PhiladelphiaToni Marie Angeli, New YorkFrancis J. Apicella, TuckahoeJoseph L. Arbour, TonawandaDonna Arnold, GansevoortCourtney Aronowsky, New YorkMichael Aronowsky, Staten IslandRahim Ashshakur, Pine CityRandy G. Attea, BuffaloJean Robert B. Auguste, Mount VernonMichelle Auletta, Central IslipDaniel L. Aureli, RochesterBernard Bacharach, White PlainsBarbara A. Baggott, TroyJeffrey N. Bagnoli, MechanicvilleJames A. Baker, IthacaPaul Barahal, SmithtownRichard J. Barbuto, MineolaAmy Lynn Barger, StormvillePeter D. Bark, BrooklynDavid K. Barnes, East Amherst

Bruce Baron, BrooklynPaul K. Barr, BuffaloMichelle Barrow, Central IslipPeter A. Barta, New YorkMichael E. Basile, SchenectadyMichael Bass, AuburnPeter J. Batalla, Jr., BronxStephanie Batcheller, PhelpsPaul A. Battiste, Staten IslandRobin J. Bauer, White PlainsRuth E. Baum, BuffaloHarold Beale, SonyeaRichard E. Beaman, FlushingSakeena Beaulieu, BronxRobert H. Beck, White PlainsRosalind Becton, AlbanyJohn Bedaska, WilliamsvilleRonald J. Bekoff, MineolaMyron Beldock, New YorkGeorge S. Bellantoni, White PlainsSteven B. Bengart, TonawandaPeggy Bennett, New YorkCatherine E. Berchou, ClarencePeter Bergenstock, BuffaloJoyce Berkowitz, RochesterJerrold Berman, New YorkSimone Berman-Rossi, BrooklynAdele Bernhard, BrooklynSamuel A. Bernstein, BrooklynAlan Birnholz, AmherstMerlyn E. Bissell, AtticaGary Bitetti, RochesterNancy J. Bizub, BuffaloGeorge R. Blair, Jr., BuffaloFrank E. Blando, UticaJon S. Blechman, BinghamtonDavid M. Block, GetzvilleAlexander W. Bloomstein, HudsonAndrew C. Blumenberg, TroyJoel L. Blumenfeld, Hollis HillsVirginia Boccio, North MassapequaDaniel Boeck, BuffaloRichard C. Boehm, HamburgFrank M. Bogulski, ChurchvilleElyse K. Bohm, BrooklynSenora Bolarinwa, Bedford HillsRobert Bolm, HamburgWilliam F. Bonez, ElmiraKarl E. Bonheim, RiverheadAdrianne Bonifacio, Yorktown Heights

13

NYSDA MEMBERS 2003Composed primarily of attorneys, NYSDA’s membership also includes other professionals, students, andothers who support its work to uphold the Constitutional guarantees of legal representation to all accused ofcrimes and to advocate for an effective system of public defense representation for the poor.


Robert J. Boyle, New YorkTylyn L. Bozeman, SyracuseElinor Braitman, SmithtownKirk R. Brandt, HoltsvilleJohn Braslow, North BabylonJohn Bray, CommackRoger Brazill, RochesterMark H. Brenner, Hastings On HudsonNancy Brenner-DeAngelo, Greenwood LakeThomas E. Brett, Kew GardensCary Bricker, PhiladelphiaDominick J. Brignola, AlbanySteven Brockett, GoshenHoward K. Broder, RochesterFelice A. Brodsky, LockportMatthew E. Brooks, LockportCarla Christiansen Brown, BuffaloFranklin B. Brown, Pine CityIra P. Brown, NyackJoseph Brown, ElmiraHardy R. Brownell, Jr., WallkillKenneth E. Bruce, ScarsdaleRobert J. Brunetti, Garden CityJustin C. Brusgul, VoorheesvilleJayson A. Brustman, White PlainsLinda Bucher, Kew GardensMaritza Buitrago, RochesterTimothy M. Bulger, GreenwichRaymond W. Bulson, PortvilleAlexander Bunin, AlbanyMichael A. Burger, RochesterBonnie Burgio, WatertownThomas K. Burniston, CarmelSuzanne M. Burns, FairhavenThomas A. Burns, BataviaThomas E. Butler, Grand IslandThomas Butti, AtticaFrank L. Bybel, LackawannaSusan K. Cable, ScottsvilleKyle W. Calabrese, HamburgDiana Calderon, New YorkPaul M. Callahan, DuanesburgSusan Calvello, New YorkOttavio Campanella, ElmiraFranklyn Campbell, StormvilleKevin B. Campbell, NorthportLinda M. Campbell, SyracuseVictoria L. Campbell, East BethanyE. Carey Cantwell, BuffaloLois Cappelletti, New CityAntonio Cardarelli, CheektowagaJ. Roberto Cardenas, New YorkKenneth P. Cardwell, New YorkJohn J. Carney, III, BuffaloJay D. Carr, OleanRobert E. Carrigan, Hackensack

Luis Carrion, CoronaJames W. Carroll, IthacaJohn Carter, AlbanyKathleen E. Casey, MiddleportGeorge R. Caso, MerrickGaspar M. Castillo, Jr., AlbanyDeron R. Castro, Kew GardensA. Joseph Catalano, Niagara FallsClaudia G. Catalano, OleanMichael J. Catalfimo, GreenwichMarco Caviglia, Wappingers FallsJoseph F. Cawley, BinghamtonFrancis J. Ceravolo, JerichoAnthony J. Cerri, BuffaloRichard Champion, RomeJohn D. Charles, Clifton ParkJames S. Chatwin, SyracuseNeil B. Checkman, New YorkDaniel G. Chertok, Saratoga SpringsDaniel J. Chiacchia, HamburgDavid M. Chidekel, New YorkLeslie Ching, BrooklynMichael Chmiel, WilliamsvilleSanford A. Church, AlbionJulie Cianca, RochesterMark F. Cianca, RochesterMartin Cirincione, AlbanyJohn H. Ciulla, Jr., Ballston SpaJames D. Clark, White PlainsMarcea A. Clark, GeneseoPeter Clark, FredoniaGregory C. Clarke, Staten IslandJohn Clarke, PoughkeepsiePercival A. Clarke, Mount VernonDennis Claus, SyracuseDavid W. Clayton, HauppaugeBrian P. Cleary, BuffaloFrances S. Clemente, CallicoonBryan J. Coakley, Kew GardensJean Coaxum, Bedford HillsL. Antonia Codling, BronxStephen R. Coffey, AlbanyDavid Louis Cohen, Kew GardensJohn Coleman, DannemoraMichael Coleman, New YorkAnthony J. Colleluori, WoodburyCornelius F. Collins, BuffaloRichard D. Collins, Carle PlaceElisabeth M. Colucci, KenmoreRobert Colvin, HuntingtonNilo V. Concepcion, East MeadowConstance J. Coniber, SyracuseJoseph R. Connelly, BuffaloKevin S. Connolly, AlbanyThomas Anthony Connolly, Bay ShoreFrank A. Connor, Moravia

Terrence M. Connors, BuffaloKathleen M. Contrino, North TonawandaRobert N. Convissar, BuffaloGeorge P. Conway, GlenmontChristine Cook, LyonsJoel Copperman, New YorkNancy Eraca Cornish, ElmiraPaul Corradini, ElmiraAndrew Correia, LyonsAnthony Correnti, DannemoraPaul Keely Costello, RochesterDavid B. Cotter, WilliamsvilleTheodore J. G. Cotter, Staten IslandWilliam F. Coughlin, MayvilleBarry N. Covert, BuffaloMargaret Haining Cowles, GenevaJason S. Crane, BuffaloMardi E. Crawford, AlbanyJames Crean, CongersPeter A. Cristo, AlbanyJohn M. Cromwell, White PlainsAlexandria Rae Cubbage, BrooklynFrancis T. Cuda, Saint JohnsvilleAnthony R. Cueto, ManhassetJohn E. Cullen, New RochelleCharles Cummings, New YorkTimothy Curtiss, CarmelThomas W. Cusimano, Jr., BinghamtonRobert J. Cutting, North TonawandaCraig M. Cwick, HamburgEdward D. Czaja, Mountain ViewDeborah Anne Czuba, AlbanyThomas C. D’Agostino, BuffaloVictor G. Daly-Rivera, BronxDana M. Dantonio, LancasterJoyce B. David, BrooklynFrazier Davidson, New RochelleJames H. Davis, East HamptonTimothy S. Davis, RochesterMary P. Davison, RochesterRobert S. Dean, New YorkDonald J. DeAngelus, Clifton ParkRonald P. DeAngelus, Clifton ParkJennifer L. Decker, BuffaloJoseph F. DeFelice, Kew GardensJanell E. DeGennaro, BostonEdward J. Degnan, CanisteoPeter J. Degnan, PittsfordTimothy W. DeJohn, RochesterArthur L. Del Negro, Jr., White PlainsDonald P. Delaney, New YorkSemina DeLaSloan, BronxDavid S. Delbaum, New YorkPaul G. Dell, BuffaloAnthony R. Dellicarri, SuffernTelesforo DelValle, Jr., New York

Robert J. DeMarco, TonawandaJoseph R. DeMatteo, New YorkMichael L. Desautels, AlbanyJemal A. Deshong, BronxLawrence J. Desiderio, BuffaloEugene P. Devine, AlbanyFelix R. DeVito, BrewsterCarl deVyver, BuffaloNaresh K. Dewan, Central IslipTodd D. Dexter, WampsvilleFederico Diaz, WallkillTerry DiFilippo, East ElmhurstLaura M. Dilimetin, New YorkMitchell Dinnerstein, MontclairDarlene A. Dollard, AlbanyJames F. Donlon, Staten IslandMary M. Donogher, West SenecaLawrence Donovan, BronxvilleAlfred Dorfman, BrooklynCecile D. Mathis Dorliae, BuffaloJohn W. Dorn, AmherstWilliam J. Dowling, BronxvilleJames L. Dowsey, III, East ConcordVincent E. Doyle, III, BuffaloJoseph S. Dressner, CanandaiguaTimothy B. Driscoll, BrooklynCurtis P. Drown, PlattsburghDrew R. DuBrin, RochesterGerard Duffy, PattersonSheila Dugan, MilanvilleDavid M. Duguay, RochesterThomas N. Dulin, AlbanyGeorge T. Dunn, RyeJames J. Dunn, DannemoraScott Michael Duquin, AmherstJeffrey M. Dvorin, NewtownSidney H. Dworet, HauppaugeRobert A. Earl, SyracuseWendy Eaton, New YorkLouis A. Ecker, YonkersEllen E. Edwards, BrooklynEric Edwards, AldenEzekiel R. Edwards, BronxJohn S. Edwards, New CityPaul R. Edwards, AlbanyNorman P. Effman, AtticaLouis Egnasko, New YorkAndrew H. Eibel, BrooklynGary Eisenberg, MonroeDavid P. Elkovitch, AuburnJames Ellerby, Jr., White PlainsA. Irene Elliott, BrooklynJohn E. Elliott, RochesterJohn V. Elmore, BuffaloSteven Epstein, BronxKevin Etheridge, Rome

NYSDA MEMBERS 2003 15


David Ettman, Seneca FallsJoel S. Ezra, ElmontLynn W. L. Fahey, New YorkBarry Fallick, New YorkFrank S. Falzone, BuffaloThomas C. Farley, Jr., DerbyDavid C. Farman, BronxBarbara Farrell, RochesterGary Farrell, BrooklynBeth E. Farwell, WellsvilleMichael S. Fauci, EndicottMichael A. Feit, AlbanyWayne Felle, WilliamsvilleDavid R. Ferguson, New YorkNoemi Fernandez, BuffaloJohn Ferrara, MonticelloBridget Field, BataviaJennifer R. Fields, CheektowagaBrian Figeroux, BrooklynAndrew C. Fine, BrooklynRobert A. Fiordaliso, BuffaloSusan D. Fitzpatrick, OssiningJeremiah M. Flaherty, KerhonksonRobert Flunory, AlbanySteve Fondulis, Port JeffersonCory Forman, North BellmoreTamara Fowlston, BuffaloRussell E. Fox, WilliamsvilleWilliam Frank, New CityElizabeth A. Franklin, Fort EdwardMonroe H. Freedman, Miami BeachBruce E. Freeman, RochesterArthur Friedman, New YorkDaniel B. Friedman, Garden CityTruman Frierson, Red CreekDonald N. Fries, WilliamsvilleKim A. Frohlinger, HartsdaleArthur R. Frost, TroyRichard L. Fuchs, New CityShannon Sue Fuhrman, BuffaloMark D. Funk, RochesterDaniel J. Furlong, West SenecaNeal Futerfas, White PlainsWilliam G. Gabor, SyracuseChristopher J. Gagne, New YorkEdward Galison, MineolaLaurene Gallo, BronxRobert D. Gallo, Lake RonkonkomaJames M. Gannalo, BrooklynFrancis G. Ganun, Forest HillsEdwin Garcia, WallkillRobert B. Garcia, New YorkMarie E. Garelle, Central IslipThomas F. Garner, MiddleburghRonald L. Garnett, New YorkSelena J. Garr, Buffalo

Devin Benedict Garramone, New HartfordJohn B. Garrity, Jr., PoughkeepsieJohn M. Garrity, BuffaloPatrick T. Garrity, BuffaloAlbert A. Gaudelli, Forest HillsDiane Geary, PoestenkillVincent Gelardi, PurchaseThomas Geller, White PlainsGiovanni Genovese, BuffaloTheresa M. Gerardi, Mount VernonHoward Gerber, NanuetBennett L. Gershman, White PlainsPeter Gerstenzang, AlbanyDaniel P. Gerwig, CorningJon P. Getz, RochesterMary E. Giallanza, BuffaloPaul Gianelli, HauppaugeJaime A. Giannetta, NewburghJoseph Giannini, AmagansettKevin P. Gilleece, White PlainsLee Ginsberg, New YorkJoseph Girardi, JamaicaKatherine Gladstone, RochesterR. Brian Goewey, RochesterJack G. Goldberg, New YorkMartin R. Goldberg, MiddletownJan D. Goldman, Island ParkLawrence S. Goldman, New YorkRobert I. Goldman, CommackRobert M. Goldstein, BuffaloGeorge R. Goltzer, New YorkFrancisco Gonzalez, New YorkDavid Goodman, PoughkeepsieJohn J. Goodman, Jr., GreenwichMadeleine Goodrich, ConcordClifford Gordon, MonticelloKelly K. Gormley, RochesterRobert L. Gosper, PhelpsKelly L. Gotham, BuffaloSidney T. Goulbourne, ComstockRichard A. Gould, White PlainsLisa R. Gradascevic, BuffaloJonathan E. Gradess, AlbanyRoger S. Gradess, New YorkSebastian Graffeo, BuffaloJohn W. Graham, WatertownTerry Granger, BuffaloDaniel P. Grasso, BlasdellJean M. Graziani-Greinert, Grand IslandAlice Green, AlbanyCharles J. Greenberg, BuffaloRichard M. Greenberg, New YorkAlvin M. Greene, BuffaloMichael E. Greenspan, White PlainsLee D. Greenstein, AlbanyJohn C. Grennell, Angola

John A. Gresham, New YorkCatherine Jane Griffin, HempsteadWilliam P. Griffin, III, Central IslipPhillip A. Grimaldi, Jr., HawthorneGeorge Groglio, Port ChesterDana L. Grossblatt, MuttontownStephen A. Grossman, Sag HarborVictor G. Grossman, CarmelDavid L. Gruenberg, TroyCarol Grumbach, IthacaPaul L. Gruner, KingstonRaymond B. Grunewald, New YorkJohn A. Guarneri, YonkersBenedict S. Gullo, Jr., HuntingtonDominick Gullo, BrooklynRaghuvijai Guntur, CantonF. Alejandro Gutierrez, BuffaloAmy Cobert Haber, MineolaMark J. Hackett, Jr., BataviaPaul H. Hadley, WampsvilleDeborah A. Hagen, PavilionJeri N. Hagen, BuffaloLyle T. Hajdu, LakewoodLawrence Halfond, Old BethpageJohn S. Hall, Jr., WarrensburgRonald J. Hall, MaloneRobert B. Hallborg, Jr., BuffaloThomas P. Halley, PoughkeepsieC. Joseph Hallinan, Jr., East QuogueJames E. Halpin, OdessaEdward R. Hammock, ElmontFrank J. Hancock, Forest HillsAnnette M. Harding, WellsvilleJake Harper, New YorkJames P. Harrington, BuffaloJeffrey M. Harrington, LackawannaPatricia A. Harrington, WestburyNeal Ira Harris, New YorkLynne L. Harrison, PoughkeepsieCharles William Hart, AmherstJames M. Hartmann, DelhiTina L. Hartwell, UticaAdrienne Flipse Hausch, MineolaTim L. Havas, MonticelloM. Alan Hays, IthacaRobert J. Healy, New YorkThomas Hegeman, OneontaSusan L. Hendricks, New YorkPeter W. Henner, ClarksvilleDaniel Henry, Jr., HamburgWarren C. Herland, BronxMaritza Hernandez, Williston ParkNicholas W. Hicks, BuffaloMelvin T. Higgins, KingstonJames W. Hill, PoughkeepsieWayne A. Hill, Jr., Rochester

James S. Hinman, RochesterJohn W. Hirsch, BronxMarvin Hirsch, MineolaAndrew J. Hobika, UticaWinston E. Hobson, Altamonte SpringsJoseph J. Hodan, DepewJack S. Hoffinger, New YorkAlan S. Hoffman, BuffaloEdmund J. Hoffmann, Jr., CortlandAlice Jane Hooker, CanandaiguaMichael D. Horn, Forest HillsSusan R. Horn, SyracuseGary A. Horton, BataviaJoseph Houck, JarrattTodd E. Houslanger, HuntingtonMichael C. Howard, HudsonMoses Mark S. Howden, OleanJessica D. Howser, HudsonSha-teek Howze, Sr., AldenYorden Huban, WatervlietRobert A. Hufjay, Mount VernonMarsha A. Hunt, SyracuseJennifer A. Hurley, BuffaloPaul V. Hurley, BuffaloPhillip R. Hurwitz, RochesterWilliam J. Hust, MarcyHorace A. Hutson, BuffaloJames W. Hyde, IV, UticaAnthony Iannarelli, Jr., RidgewoodMichele Marte Indzonka, New WindsorJoseph M. Ingarra, KingstonJohn Ingrassia, NewburghCharles E. Inman, HudsonSamuel Iroegbu, AlbanyMichael Isgur, MiddletownJeffrey Jacobs, RochesterJohn H. Jacobs, New YorkErik P. Jacobsen, BedfordJoseph Jaffe, New YorkR. Joseph Jalbert, RomeRaymond E. James, YoungsvilleTerry Jamison, StormvilleMark Janoson, New YorkDavid Jaros, BronxJoseph T. Jarzembek, BuffaloFrederic Jennings, MarcyJohn Jenny, BuffaloLaura R. Johnson, BrooklynStephen A. Johnston, PlattsburghCarolyn Kellogg Jonas, AlfredE. Stewart Jones, Jr., TroyMichael A. Jones, Jr., VictorSarah Taft Jones, Pine PlainsDaniel Jordan, HuntingtonJohn K. Jordan, HamburgAlan L. Joseph, Goshen



Roy H. Josephson, BronxMichael D. Jurena, AlbanyCarol Kahn, New YorkRobert B. Kaiser, BuffaloIvan Kalter, WoodbourneBarry Kamins, BrooklynMelissa J. Kanas, BrooklynSusan Marie Karalus, WilliamsvilleDarleen V. Karaszewski, AmherstDaniel Karlin, Cape VincentKevin Karnyski, RochesterKathryn M. Kase, HoustonPhilip Katowitz, BrooklynMichael Katzer, SlingerlandsJeff Kaufman, East ElmhurstKenneth J. Kaufmann, BronxvilleThomas P. Kawalec, BuffaloSteven L. Keats, MineolaJohn M. Keavey, BuffaloThomas F. Keefe, WilliamsvilleBarbara J. Kelley, BolivarJames P. Kelley, PoughkeepsieWilliam J. Kelley, Mount MorrisDonald E. Kelly, SyracuseRaymond A. Kelly, Jr., AlbanyRobert E. Kelly, Glens FallsRobert L. Kemp, BuffaloColin Kenneally, AlbanyChristian J. Kennedy, RochesterJohn R. Kennedy, CanandaiguaMark F. Kennedy, CohoesWilliam Kephart, MineolaJames S. Kernan, LyonsJames M. Kerrigan, IthacaMitchell S. Kessler, CohoesEmma S. Ketteringham, BronxThomas H. Kheel, IthacaDavid Kimpel, SyracuseTerence L. Kindlon, AlbanyNoah A. Kinigstein, New YorkJames E. Kissel, North TonawandaDenis A. Kitchen, Jr., WilliamsvilleBruce Klang, North WoodmereHoward Kleiman, BuffaloBruce D. Klein, BronxEdward W. Klein, SyracuseIrwin G. Klein, CedarhurstRobert H. Klein, Kew GardensBenjamin J. Klemanowicz, Jr., Garden CityVictor Knapp, Kew GardensLawrence J. Knickerbocker, CortlandRobert J. Knightly, Kew GardensWilliam P. Knisley, New YorkMichael L. Kobiolka, HamburgKaren Korkuc, BuffaloLarry R. Koss, Brockport

Gregory L. Kottmeier, DelhiAnthony S. Kowalski, BuffaloKristin G. Kozlowski, ClarenceEwa Krawiec, AlbanyPeter L. Kristal, RochesterLisa M. Kroemer, BataviaArnold S. Kronick, White PlainsLeonard W. Krouner, LoudonvilleJudith M. Kubiniec, BuffaloPaul W. Kullman, West SenecaStephen Kunken, CommackMichael Kuzma, BuffaloWilliam S. Labahn, EugeneJohn J. LaDuca, RochesterWilliam LaForgia, PleasantvilleMarcel J. Lajoy, SchenectadyAnthony Joseph Lana, BuffaloFrederick M. Lang, LancasterThomas R. Langan, PeekskillAnthony M. LaPinta, HauppaugeDavid LaPlant, MaloneJoseph Lasky, Staten IslandKareem Abdul Latif, WallkillJ. Kevin Laumer, JamestownCharles Lavine, New YorkWalter J. Law, Diamond PointLaRoi M. Lawton, AstoriaJames A. Lazarus, KenmoreDavid Lazer, MelvilleChanwoo Lee, FlushingGerald B. Lefcourt, New YorkRichard I. Leff, BuffaloSol Lefkowitz, Glen CoveElliott B. Leibowitz, New YorkMatthew R. Lembke, RochesterPaul A. Lemole, Staten IslandDanielle Lenahan, West SenecaSheldon A. Leon, New YorkRosalie Leslie, YonkersRichard A. Leszyk, OntarioErik B. Levin, BronxDavid I. Levine, MineolaHoward N. Levine, White PlainsArlene Levinson, HudsonRichard Ware Levitt, New YorkLawrence H. Levner, New YorkAdam B Levy, CarmelBonnie G. Levy, SyracuseDavid L. Lewis, New YorkMark W. Lewis, Lake RonkonkomaWilliam Leykam, Staten IslandSusan B. Lindenauer, New YorkRobert Linville, HudsonAlan C. Lippel, HackensackJack T. Litman, New YorkJohn M. Lockhart, III, Geneseo

Melissa A. Loehr, BronxDeborah Loewenberg, New CityJethro Loftus, GenevaThomas W. Lokken, KenmoreIra D. London, New YorkJames E. Long, AlbanyFrank J. Longo, BuffaloRobert D. Lonski, BuffaloMichael Lopez, RochesterFrank LoTempio, III, BuffaloRobert R. Loveridge, East SchodackRaymond L. Loving, New YorkGreg D. Lubow, CatskillFrederick C. Luther, WaverlyCheryl Lynch, GrotonJohn Macklin, New Hyde ParkBrian S. MacNamara, WarwickJames C. MacTarnaghan, DepewJeanette Madera, PoughkeepsieKaren M. Madsen, BathThomas B. Mafrici, CiceroKeith Maguire, MaloneMark J. Mahoney, BuffaloMitchell B. Maier, MonroeGlen Malia, Cortlandt ManorJoan E. Maloney, WilliamsvilleRobert J. Mancuso, White PlainsAlice O. Mann, Hyde ParkRichard V. Manning, ParishvillePatricia Marcus, New YorkOtto Mares, AtticaNicholas A. Marino, WantaghJeffrey E. Marion, WilliamsvilleJeffrey P. Markello, ElmaDaniel Markewich, New YorkPeter L. Maroulis, PoughkeepsieKenneth R. Marshall, New YorkPhilip M. Marshall, BuffaloEdward J. Martin, LockportFrancis Martin, West SenecaJeffrey C. Martin, RhinebeckDaniel S. Martindale, Glens FallsLorenzo Martinez, AtticaEdward J. Martnshin, HamburgAnthony J. Martone, Kew GardensRobert A. Mascari, SyracuseThomas J. Mason, MineolaRobert E. Massi, PoughkeepsiePaul Mastrangelo, New YorkBrenda A. Mattar, BuffaloRobert Mauer, Garden CityKurt Mausert, Saratoga SpringsGeorge R. Mayer, BronxvilleBrad Mazarin, New YorkMichael Mazzariello, WallkillLouis Mazzola, Bay Shore

Charles McAllister, AuburnDale J. McCabe, West SenecaJames McCann, GeneseoSandra J. McCarthy, WynantskillWilliam J. McClusky, AdamsJoseph M. McCoy, AlbanyThomas McDonald, WallkillKathleen P. McDonough, RochesterC. Daniel McGillicuddy, HamburgAnthony McGinty, RosendaleDennis M. McGrath, BuffaloEdward J. McHugh, JerichoKevin McKernan, Staten IslandPatrick McLaughlin, KenmoreJohn L. McMahon, Saratoga SpringsJeffrey E. McMorris, Fort EdwardPeter L. McShane, BronxThomas McShane, Mastic BeachRichard McVinney, OneontaJohn C. Meaney, SummitJames H. Medcraf, SyracuseRalph C. Megna, Glen CoveRobert R. Meguin, SoutholdRonald J. Meltzer, Sag HarborSanford Meltzer, SyracuseM. Kathryn Meng, UniondaleSusan Menu, RiverheadJames Mercer, Jr., AldenJeanne E. Mettler, KatonahCheryl Meyers, BuffaloDaniel Meyers, New YorkPaul M. Michalek, LackawannaJohn L. Michalski, West SenecaAdam Drew Michelini, AlbanyIra Mickenberg, Saratoga SpringsFlorian Miedel, BronxJoseph J. Milano, Briarcliff ManorRaymond T. Miles, III, TonawandaBryan R. Milks, DelevanSean Millane, III, BuffaloFrederica L. Miller, New YorkJason Lloyd Miller, BronxPaul Milliman, DannemoraMaryellen Miner, HudsonCarolyn V. Minter, OssiningLaura M. Miranda, New YorkMichael J. Mirras, Seneca FallsMark S. Mishler, AlbanyLisa L. Mitchell, BuffaloRobert C. Mitchell, Bay ShoreSusan Mitchell, BrooklynCharlie Mixon, ElmiraFrancine E. Modica, TonawandaJohn W. Moher, Kew GardensMichael Mohun, CowlesvilleJohn J. Molloy, West Seneca



Katherine A. Moloney, PoughkeepsieDennis G. Monahan, NesconsetArmando Montano, Jr., BronxMark T. Montanye, ElizabethtownJames M. Montgomery, AmityvilleJames Montgomery, New YorkTimothy J. Mordaunt, Grand IslandAaron R. Morrill, Jersey CityRoberta E. Calhoun Morton, White PlainsHerbert J. Moses, BrooklynKent V. Moston, HempsteadPhilip Moustakis, New YorkSudip Neil Mukherjee, Jersey CityGary Muldoon, RochesterJames P. Mulhern, KenmorePatrick Mullen, New YorkJames A. Mullenhoff, West SenecaAhmad A. Muntaqim, CollinsDavid A. Murante, RochesterFrancis P. Murphy, SayvilleKenneth Murphy, New CityMary Jane Murphy, SyracuseTimothy Murphy, LockportGlenn Edward Murray, BuffaloGregory J. Naclerio, UniondaleBarbara L. Nadrowski, BataviaLaura L. Nagel, New YorkLeroy Natanson, North SyracuseEugene B. Nathanson, New YorkMalvina Nathanson, New YorkJ. Henry Neale, Jr., White PlainsFrank J. Nebush, Jr., UticaDavid H. Nelson, AtticaRussell Neufeld, New YorkMichele Lee Neusch, NewburghMichael P. Nevins, ElmiraDonna R. Newman, Jersey CityJon Allon Nichols, HamburgWilliam F. Nichols, MarcyRonald S. Nir, Kew GardensLeonard E. Noisette, New YorkL. Jeffrey Norwalk, New YorkPaul Notaro, West SenecaDaniel F. Novak, BuffaloEdward J. Nowak, RochesterSteven Nowicki, DannemoraJohn R. Nuchereno, BuffaloTimothy Nugent, East GreenbushEdwin S. C. Obiorah, RochesterKathleen O’Boyle, New YorkHenry O’Brien, CentereachJohn M. O’Brien, Sag HarborKevin D. O’Connell, New YorkPatrick M. O’Connell, CommackJulian Bond O’Connor, BronxMichael S. O’Dell, Glens Falls

Brendan O’Donnell, InterlakenThomas J. O’Hern, AlbanyDavid Okun, SyracuseTerence P. O’Leary, WaltonJacqueline F. Oliva, Pound RidgeD. James O’Neil, PoughkeepsieThomas J. O’Neill, PoughkeepsieTara M. Onorato, HempsteadPaul N. Ornstein, Central ValleyManuel Ortega, Staten IslandFrank A. Ortiz, BrooklynBenjamin Ostrer, ChesterJoseph H. Oswald, Fort EdwardLuke C. Owens, BuffaloMichael P. Padden, BrooklynKathryn S. Paek, BrooklynMindy R. Paget, New YorkTimothy G. Pagones, BeaconDavid J. Pajak, BuffaloJeffrey F. Pam, East MeadowPeter Panaro, MassapequaJill L. Paperno, RochesterBrian Y. Parker, PlattsburghDaniel S. Parker, New YorkJohn W. Parker, III, SyracuseLucian C. Parlato, WilliamsvilleIta Parnass, BrooklynJohn R. Parrinello, RochesterJohn P. Pastore, Clifton ParkWilliam D. Paton, LititzDavid J. Patterson, New YorkChristopher Jude Pelli, UticaLuis Andrew Penichet, White PlainsSandra Perez, Kew GardensValorie S. Perez, New YorkRemy R. Perot, BinghamtonLouise Perrotta, LindenhurstRichard W. Perry, SyracuseJohn L. Perticone, BinghamtonIra Pesserilo, IthacaMark J. Peszko, BuffaloJohn Petrak, Jr., Staten IslandDaniel Piotrowicz, CheektowagaWallace C. Piotrowski, BuffaloChristopher Pisciotta, New YorkStephen J. Pittari, White PlainsLisa N. Pitts, BrooklynJeffrey J. Pohl, Glens FallsJohn J. Poklemba, Saratoga SpringsPeter Pollak, AlbanyAlan Polsky, BohemiaGeraldine Pomerantz, East GreenbushArlene R. Popkin, White PlainsAllen S. Popper, BrooklynLawrence Anthony Porcari, YonkersMichael J. Poretta, Hamburg

J. Scott Porter, Seneca FallsSusan Porter, RochesterMark L. Potashnick, JerichoV. Christopher Potenza, BuffaloEric G. Poulos, BrooklynTony G. Poveda, PlattsburghVerena C. Powell, New YorkGregory J. Power, LyonsJudith Preble, New YorkDeborah Pretlow, Bedford HillsEvans D. Prieston, New YorkGeorge E. Pugh, New YorkVictor Pulecio, DannemoraDean S. Puleo, ElmaPeter J. Pullano, RochesterDavid Putland, AtticaJohn C. Putney, Mount MorrisLeonardo B. Pytel, New YorkRobert F. Quinlan, Bay ShoreRobert R. Race, BrooklynAndrew T. Radack, Silver CreekJeffrey M. Radol, SidneyJames Raible, BeaconMichael S. Rakowski, TonawandaRyan A. Ramsaran, SyracuseFrederick Rarick, CorfuBeth Ratchford, RochesterDaniel E. Rausher, BrooklynJohn Ray, Miller PlaceMartha Rayner, New YorkFrank Read, HudsonMarilyn S. Reader, LarchmontMerble Reagon, New YorkGeorge W. Redder, KingstonFrank E. Redl, PoughkeepsieGeorge E. Reed, Jr., White PlainsRichard C. Reid, Central IslipNorman L. Reimer, New YorkKenneth Reiver, CedarhurstFrederick Rench, Clifton ParkRichard W. Rich, Jr., ElmiraWalter L. Rich, White PlainsJeffrey T. Richards, AlbanyTasha N. Ricks, BrooklynAinka Maria Rivera, New YorkFrancis R. Rivette, LiverpoolAlfred Roberts, StormvilleRichard A. Roberts, Mount VernonWendy G. Roberts, OleanRonald L. Robertson, WallkillAlfredo Rodriguez, MalonePatricia L. R. Rodriguez, SchenectadyWesley A. Roe, ElmiraDavid Roggenbaum, HamburgAlfred Rohls, Staten IslandLevites Roman, Stormville

Mario D. Romano, BrooklynDavid K. Roosa, SidneyMichael J. Rooth, Athol SpringsLuis Rosado, BuffaloEve S. Rosahn, BrooklynErry Rosas, DannemoraSharon P. Rose, White PlainsStuart Rosensweet, BronxAlan Rosenthal, SyracuseEthel P. Ross, Cross RiverMary Ross, Kew GardensMichael Anthony Rossi, Grand IslandDonald R. Roth, Jr., PoughkeepsieMelvyn K. Roth, Garden CityRichard A. Rothermel, OneontaLori Ann Roueche, BinghamtonStephen V. Rubeo, YonkersRobert S. Rubine, MineolaEva Rubinstein, WilliamsvilleFrancis D. Ruddy, Jr., Kew GardensPaul Ruine, FallsburgJennifer Runfola, BuffaloClaudia Russell, WillsboroDianne C. Russell, RochesterCarmen Russo, AldenKaren C. Russo-McLaughlin, BuffaloSheila Ryan, JupiterThomas W. Ryan, SyracuseDavid B. Rynders, Jr., ElmiraDavid R. Sachs, New WindsorEric Sachs, BellmoreMichael S. Sachs, New WindsorThomas A. Saitta, BinghamtonKarl F. Salzer, RochesterManuel A. Sanchez, Jr., BronxSalvatore T. Sanfilippo, WilliamsvilleEmanuel Santana, MaloneDominic Saraceno, BuffaloAnastasios Sarikas, AstoriaPaul Leonard Sass, BrooklynRobert Savage, East HamptonRichard Scanlan, White PlainsEugene Schaffer, FreeportCarol Brafman Schajer, JerichoGary W. Schanz, BinghamtonAndrew J. Schatkin, JerichoDonald L. Schechter, Great NeckDonald R. Schechter, Kew GardensMarvin E. Schechter, New YorkStephan Schick, MonticelloPhilip C. Schiffman, WashingtonvilleRussell A. Schindler, KingstonCraig P. Schlanger, SyracuseDeborah Schneer, RosendaleSean D. Schoenborn, BuffaloGary Schoer, Syosset



David C. Schopp, BuffaloRobert J. Schreck, BuffaloLisa Schreibersdorf, BrooklynClaudia S. Schultz, UniondaleH. Mitchell Schuman, New YorkVictor Schurr, PelhamAdina Schwartz, New YorkEdna Schwartz, New YorkMichael H. Schwartz, MiddletownRobert Schwartz, Rego ParkRaymond P. Sciarrino, PerryJoseph J. Scinta, Jr., KenmoreLisa Scolari, New YorkJack Scordo, WatertownAnna L. Scott, Esq, BuffaloBettie Scott, FlushingLucia Thomas Scott, StamfordMirriam Seddiq, AlbanyBernard H. Segal, New YorkRobert Selcov, Hyde ParkFrederick Seligman, ShokanLaurie Shanks, AlbanyNorman Shapiro, GoshenRobert A. Shapiro, RochesterSabina Shapiro, WarwickIrwin Shaw, New YorkRichard R. Shaw, II, WilliamsvilleGeorge Shegog, AldenBrian Shiffrin, RochesterAdam Shlahet, BronxVincent Siccardi, Kew GardensLinda Sideri, New YorkStephan J. Siegel, Forest HillsMichael D. Siff, Kew GardensWalter P. Signorelli, YonkersDavid K. Silverberg, BuffaloCarl J. Silverstein, MonticelloMurray E. Singer, Kew GardensJoseph Sinkewicz, Jr., BuffaloPeter C. Sipperly, Saratoga SpringsRichard Siracusa, New YorkShana Skaletsky, BronxPeter K. Skivington, GeneseoTodd Slavik, AtticaAlex Smith, MiddletownBrenda Smith, CanandaiguaDavid B. Smith, BuffaloJoanne Kohler Smith, LowvilleKenneth Smith, MaloneMarjorie M. Smith, TappanOliver A. Smith, New YorkFrank Smithson, IthacaOscar Smukler, BuffaloGerard A. Smyth, HartfordKevin J. Smyth, AtticaEdward J. Snyder, West Seneca

James G. Snyder, Saratoga SpringsEric M. Sokol, Floral ParkStephen A. Somerstein, BrooklynRobert B. Sommerstein, BuffaloAnselmo Soto, Jr., AtticaJohn F. Speranza, RochesterMichael Spiegel, New YorkKevin W. Spitler, BuffaloAlvin L. Spitzer, SuffernRichard Cary Spivack, Forest HillsMichael J. Stachowski, BuffaloElaine Jackson Stack, MineolaJoseph W. Stadler, KenmoreTucker C. Stanclift, Glens FallsScott D. Staples, North CreekRichard Staropoli, RochesterMichael Steedly, StormvilleDavid Steinberg, PoughkeepsieRobin G. Steinberg, BronxMichael R. Stern, QueensburyRussell Stetler, New YorkRichard A. Stettine, Central IslipTerri Stevens, Staten IslandGeoffrey S. Stewart, New YorkLynne F. Stewart, New YorkPhilip B. Stone, New YorkJohn P. Stonner, Glens FallsLawrence J. Strauss, WilliamsvilleNancy E. Stroud, AlbanyArthur Suchow, Staten IslandDonna M. Sullivan, ElmontJohn C. Sullivan, AmityvilleWilliam P. Sullivan, Jr., IthacaMary Ellen Sweeney, New YorkRonald J. Tabak, New YorkDavid J. Taffany, Clifton ParkSteven Taitz, PatchogueSamuel M. Tamburo, CamillusMartin Tankleff, DannemoraRobert Tendy, Putnam ValleyWilliam M. Tendy, Jr., PoughkeepsieNoel Tepper, PoughkeepsieThomas G. Teresky, Huntington StationGeorge A. Terezakis, MineolaJoseph J. Terranova, HamburgThomas Terrizzi, IthacaWayne Thatcher, PoughkeepsieThomas Theophilos, BuffaloAdam M. Thompson, New YorkDonald M. Thompson, RochesterHolden E. Thornhill, New YorkJames J. Tini, MineolaSusan V. Tipograph, New YorkDavid P. Todaro, BuffaloPhyllis M. Todoro, North BostonKevin J. Tollisen, Mechanicville

Jennifer Burton Tolombo, PoughkeepsieAlan J. Tomaselli, White PlainsNelson S. Torre, BuffaloCatherine Tosswill, BrooklynDavid Touger, New YorkJoseph F. Townsend, LockportNorman Trabulus, Garden CityThomas D. Trbovich, WilliamsvilleDeanne M. Tripi, AmherstEmily Trott, BuffaloAnnMarie Truscio, Bedford HillsAyoka A. Tucker, BuffaloMathew B. Tully, HunterScott B. Tulman, ChappaquaRobert P. Turner, RochesterJohn E. Tyo, ShortsvilleChinyelu O. Udoh, BronxJose Umanzor, WallkillDenis J. Uminski, KenmoreAnn Usborne, SyracuseJoseph A. Vaccarino, Forest HillsMichael Vaccaro, New RochelleJasmine Valentine, Bedford HillsRonald C. Valentine, LyonsAlexandra Valicenti, BronxvilleMorton Van Allen, GouverneurNathan A. Van Loon, RochesterManuel D. Vargas, New YorkPeter Vasilion, Orchard ParkEmily A. Vella, SpringvilleHarold I. Venokur, BrooklynRichard Vercollone, BrewsterGerald A. Vergilis, Wappingers FallsThomas C. Viles, WashingtonYolanda Villa, RochesterMichael J. Violante, Niagara FallsSurinder K. Virk, Grand IslandAndre Allen Vitale, RochesterJeffrey F. Voelkl, WilliamsvilleJennifer Volhard-Schiffmacher, BuffaloRaymond C. Volper, Yorktown HeightsMary P. Walek, BuffaloDavid G. Wallace, BathRichard M. Wallace, IthacaG. Scott Walling, QueensburyKevin Walsh, GoshenRobert A. Walters, New YorkRobert D. Walton, Sr., AuburnDaniel J. Ward, CheektowagaElbert H. Watrous, Jr., Schenectady

Diane T. Webster, White PlainsRichard P. Weinheimer, Fort PlainJohnathan E. Weinrich, New YorkDavid B. Weisfuse, White PlainsMarsha Weissman, SyracuseDavid A. Werber, BrooklynPeter Wessel, New YorkWilliam J. White, Glens FallsJeffrey Wicks, RochesterMichael A. Wiener, YonkersJohn D. Wieser, GetzvilleJay L. Wilber, BinghamtonCharles J. Wilcox, TroyRoger W. Wilcox, Jr., BuffaloEdward Wilford, New YorkMark S. Williams, OleanSteve G. Williams, BrooklynThomas D. Williams, BataviaDavid W. Wilson, BuffaloSteven J. Wilutis, Miller PlaceJohn W. Winans, CatskillJames W. Winslow, NewburghDaniel E. Wisniewski, BuffaloRebecca Wittman, WampsvilleJames F. Wolff, Fly CreekGregory Lance Wood, Mount VernonMark A. Worrell, BuffaloLawrence E. Wright, BrooklynAndrew J. Wylie, PlattsburghFrancis E. Yannelli, Garden CityJudy Levitt Yates, New YorkBruce A. Yerman, New YorkJudith E. Young, BloomingburgLawrence J. Young, SyracuseRichard W. Youngman, RochesterRobert J. Zaccheo, Jr., New PaltzNeil Martin Zang, New YorkCarol Zeldin, New YorkMilton Zelermyer, New YorkAndrea Zellan, New YorkJohn M. Zenir, MineolaLori Zeno, Forest HillsMarvin Zevin, Garden CityRobert W. Zimmerman, ShortsvilleClark J. Zimmermann, Jr., RochesterHelen W. Zimmermann, BuffaloSonya Zoghlin, RochesterJoseph D. Zumbo, AlbanyDaan Zwick, RochesterVan Zwisohn, Ballston Spa


Carl F.W. AdamecBurton C. AgataPaul BarahalMyron BeldockPhilip E. BernsRobert BolmJohn BraslowCary BrickerJustin C. BrusgulGaspar M. Castillo, Jr.Joseph F. CawleyDavid M. ChidekelJohn ClarkeDavid Louis CohenTheodore J. G. CotterMardi CrawfordAnthony R. CuetoJames H. DavisMurphy DavisSidney H. DworetLouis A. EckerLynn W. L. FaheyDavid C. FarmanAndrew C. FineDaniel B. FriedmanMark D. FunkMadeleine GoodrichClifford GordonRichard M. GreenbergStephen A. GrossmanBenedict S. Gullo, Jr.Patricia A. HarringtonSusan L. HendricksJoseph HouckJeffrey JacobsLaura R. JohnsonKathryn M. Kase

Robert E. KellyTerence L. KindlonEdward W. KleinWilliam P. KnisleyGregory L. KottmeierLisa M. KroemerJoseph LaskyDavid I. LevineLouis MazzolaCharles McAllisterPeter L. McShaneCarolyn V. MinterRobert C. MitchellKatherine A. MoloneyArmando Montano, Jr.Roberta E. Calhoun MortonPatrick MullenDonna R. NewmanEdward J. NowakBrendan O’DonnellJeffrey F. PamBrian Y. ParkerJohn W. Parker, IIISandra PerezLouise PerrottaJ. Scott PorterJudith PrebleBenjamin H. RicheyEthel P. RossDianne C. RussellAnastasios SarikasCraig P. SchlangerClaudia S. SchultzEdna SchwartzFrederick SeligmanLaurie ShanksMichael Shapiro

Sabina ShapiroBrian ShiffrinRichard SiracusaAnselmo Soto, Jr.Michael R. SternMatthew R. StevensJohn C. SullivanWilliam P. Sullivan, Jr.Mary Ellen SweeneyGeorge A. TerezakisSusan V. TipographNorman TrabulusAnnMarie TruscioRobert P. TurnerJoseph A. VaccarinoMorton Van AllenAndre Allen VitaleJohnathan E. WeinrichEdward WilfordThomas D. WilliamsLawrence E. WrightDaan Zwick

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