Environmental odourmanagement & modelling

Product and material testing Sensory and molecular odour testing

Digital platforms for odour management

4.1

Climate Action Committee - Page 1

Odournet Group delivers sensory expertise worldwide

• World‘s largest dedicatedenvironmental odour management& assessment consultant

• 60+ sensory specialists,• Thousands of odour studies over

37 years in various sectors• Odour testing using molecular and

sensory methods• 6 accredited olfactometry

laboratories• high resolution GC-MS laboratory• Dedicated facilities for sensory

testing of products and materials• www.odournet.com

Climate Action Committee - Page 2

What sectors cause odour complaints?

Odournet clients by sector, approx. 20 years

Climate Action Committee - Page 3

MethodsSensory odour testing• EN13725 olfactometry source testing• EN16841 ambient air odour frequency• EN16841 Plume extent• Citizen panels

Molecular odour testing• GCMS-TOF odours unravelled to ppt• GC-sniffing pinpoints odour relevant

compounds• GC-IMS for fast odour fingerprinting

Digital platform odour management• Complaint management and ticketing• Source verification using reverse

trajectory analysis• Predictive analytics• Odour treatment optimisation & savingsClimate Action Committee - Page 4

Ton van Harreveld – making sense of sensory

• Founded Odournet in 1980• Developed olfactometer instruments and methodology to turn odours into

numerical quantities• Active as convenor in European Standardisation body CEN since 1995

– CEN/TC264 Air Quality – Working Group 2 ‘Olfactometry’ – EN13725– CEN/TC264 Air Quality – Working Group 41 ‘Instrumental Odour

Measurement’– CEN/TC264 Air Quality – Working Group 27 ‘Measurement of odour

exposure using panels’ – standard EN16841-1:2016• Provided scientific basis for odour regulations

– Ministry of the Environment, Netherlands– Environment Agency, United Kingdom– Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland– Department of the Environment, Catalonia, Spain– Ministry of the Environment, Chile– Ministry of the Environment, Colombia

Climate Action Committee - Page 5

Odour and noise are environmental stressors

• Unwanted odour or noise can cause nuisance if frequentlypresent in privacy context

• Odour annoyance by malodours triggers stress response, withrelease of adrenaline and cortisol, increased blood pressure

• Repeated odour annoyance stress leads to increased bloodpressure, increased heart rate, sleep disorders, anxiety overhealth, social discomfort

• Complaints are a symptom of social conflict

Odour and noise are determining for the social sustainability of a production facility

Climate Action Committee - Page 6

Odour behaves like any other air pollutant.

Odour emissions can be reduced by prevention, containment and treatment

Dispersion dilutes the odour and reduces impact. Once diluted below odour threshold, there is no residual health impact

Climate Action Committee - Page 7

Odour behaves like any other air pollutant. You can regulate odorous emissions just like any other air contaminant we regulate

Odorant generation and emission

Odorant dispersion and dilution

Dispersion modelling using US EPA CALPUFF

Odour exposure, perception and impact on citizens

Ambient air quality standard in odour units to limit nuisance

Climate Action Committee - Page 8

Odour behaves like any other air pollutant. You can regulate odorous emissions just like any other air contaminant we regulate, by setting emission limit conditions

Dispersion modelling using US EPA CALPUFF

Ambient air quality standard in odour units e.g. <1,5 oue/m3

Emission limits

Climate Action Committee - Page 9

How to measure odouras a quantity?

• International standard EN13725

• Widely accepted:

– mandatory in European Union,

– adopted in standards in Australia, NewZealand, Chile, Colombia, and

– prescribed in many more jurisdictions,including Ontario, US livestock researchetc.

• Uses qualified selected panel

• Simple task: compare two flows of air, oneodourless, one of diluted sample. It is anobjective choice

• Panel members indicate which flow positioncontains odour, and if they are certain oftheir choice. Climate Action Committee - Page 10

Measurement process olfactometry:

- presentations of decreasing dilution of sample- choose the position of flow with odour (random)- indicate if you are certain of your choice

Objective choice!

32.000 16.000 8.000 4.000 2.000 1.000

++yy

-n

+n

-n

Individual Threshold Estimate = 1 Odour Unit per m3

Certain?

Correct position?

dilution

Climate Action Committee - Page 11

Standard EN13725 has reduced unwanted variability

Significant improvement in reproducibility

Climate Action Committee - Page 12

Odournet Group corporate presentation

1997 EN13725 validation: it also works for environmental odour!

True and measured concentration for environmental odour - NL labs

10

100

1000

10000

100000

10 100 1000 10000 100000True odour concentration

Mea

sure

d od

our c

once

ntra

tion

[oue

/m3]

Lab 1Lab 10Lab 3Lab 4Lab 6Lab 7Lab 8Series1Actual

Climate Action Committee - Page 13

Improvements in revision of EN13725

• Improved uncertainty assessment– Based on multiple reference materials and reference mixtures– Based on analysed duplicate environmental ‘real’ samples

• Procedure for determining odour threshold /European Reference OdourMass

– For single odorant compounds– For defined odorant mixtures

• Standard procedures for sampling• Possibly requirement for larger panel

– Now 4 panel members, 8 ITE thresholds– In Ontario: 8 panel members

Climate Action Committee - Page 14

Example: solid waste management Barcelona in 4 Ecoparcs. Waste separation, composting of organic fraction, all enclosed and odour treated. 25-30% of CapEx in odour control

No complaints beyond 300-500 m

Climate Action Committee - Page 15

Odournet Group corporate presentation

Thank You!

21917719 Climate Action Committee - Page 16

Robyn WarkBC Hydro, Sustainable CommunitiesVice-Chair: Energy Step Code CouncilJune 7, 2017 1

4.2

Climate Action Committee - Page 17

2

New Refriqerator He

Climate Action Committee - Page 18

Energy Efficient homes …

3Built iBen

PASSIVE HOUSE CANADA ~ldi!::.·

netz~ro 11ome Climate Action Committee - Page 19

Local Government Leadership …

4

City of North Vancouver:City-wide Density BonusingPassive House Neighbourhood

Climate Action Committee - Page 20

Energy Step Code – Overview

• What energy efficiencystandards / programs shouldpolicies reference?

• Some programs do notnecessarily lead to energysavings …

Challenges for Local Government Policy-makers

5Climate Action Committee - Page 21

Provincial changes…

2015 Building Act

• Consistency, Competency & Innovation

• December 2017 – end of ‘local buildingrequirements’ in bylaws

• Offered new tools and opportunities

6Climate Action Committee - Page 22

Energy Efficiency Working Group

7

| PROVINCIAL GOV.

| NGOs| TRADES &PROFESSIONALS

| LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

| BUILDERS & DEVELOPERS

| UTILITIES

Climate Action Committee - Page 23

A Focus on Performance

ENERGY

STEP CODE BUILDING BEYOND THE STANDARD

Climate Action Committee - Page 24

Part 9 | Step 1: Enhanced Compliance

2017 ... ······································································-) 2032

BC BUILDING CODE

Climate Action Committee - Page 25

Part 9 | Steps 2 and 3: The Lower Steps

2017 . . .. ... ........... ····- ..................................... ·········· ···~ 2032

20%BEmR

10% BETTER

STEP 1 ENl'IANCED COMPLIANCE IMPROVED

BC BUILDING CODE AVl!RAGI!

Climate Action Committee - Page 26

Part 9 | Step 4: The Threshold to the Upper Steps

2017 ) 2032

40%BETTER

20%eETTOR

10% BETTER

STEP 1 IMPROV!!O

BC BUILDING CODE

Climate Action Committee - Page 27

Part 9 | Step 5: Net Zero Ready New Construction

2017 . - ......... -~ 2032

\ 1 t . NETZERO ' . .. ,. READY " "I ~I NEWCON.STRUCTION

40%aE'TER

20%eETTER

100/o BETIER

STEP 1 ENl'IANCED COMPLIANCE IMPROVED

BC BUILDING CODE AVERAGE

Climate Action Committee - Page 28

Measurable energy efficiency requirements

2017 > 2032

" \. t ,. NETZERO netzero : n · · · ... READY rea~fiOrf\e '/f,,,,..., 11w,.. " • I .... r NEW CONSTRUCTION

40% BETTER

20% BETTER

10% BEITER

STEP 1 Bu~ ENHANCliD COMPllANCli IMPROVl!D

BC BUILDING CODE AVERAGE

!N!RGY l!FFICl!NCY

Climate Action Committee - Page 29

Energy Step Code – Overview

14

A flexible tool …

Climate Action Committee - Page 30

| LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

| NGOs

| TRADES & PROFESSIONALS

| PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT

| BUILDERS &DEVELOPERS

| UTILITIES

Forthcoming Research and Support Resources

• Resource hub: energystepcode.ca• Costing Study• Guides

• Local Government Best Practice Guide• Illustrated Guide for Builders

• Peer network for local government staff• Webinars – June / July

• Building Officials Webinar Series• Best Practices Guide• Insights from Costing Study• Training and capacity strategy

• Training and articles15

Climate Action Committee - Page 31

Questions?Robyn WarkTeam Lead, Sustainable Communities, BC Hydrorobyn.wark@bchydro.com

Thank You!

1621921658Climate Action Committee - Page 32

Carbon Price PolicyFOR METRO VANCOUVER PROJECTS AND INITIATIVESConor ReynoldsSENIOR PROJECT ENGINEER, PPE

James McQueenSENIOR ECONOMIST, FINANCIAL SERVICES

Climate Action Committee – June 7, 201721827478

5.1

Climate Action Committee - Page 33

2

Climate Action Committee Workplan 2017

Consider a draft policy on internal carbon pricing, to ensure greenhouse gas emissions are considered in Metro Vancouver business decisions

Climate Action Committee - Page 34

3

• Incorporate consideration of climate change mitigation into options analyses for all Metro Vancouver projects or initiatives

• Mechanism to reduce financial risk of increased operating costs associated with rising external carbon taxes over project life

Objectives

Climate Action Committee - Page 35

4

2050 Regional Target: 80% reduction in GHGsClimate Action Committee - Page 36

5

Metro Vancouver’s “Carbon Footprint”

Carbon Neutral Goal

Climate Action Committee - Page 37

2050

6

Pathway to 2050… 30 years of decisions

2010 2020 2030 2040

Climate Action Committee - Page 38

• Policy establishes a price ($150/tonne CO2e) on applicable GHG emissions

• Value of GHGs associated with a proposed project or initiative can be calculated

• Use Life Cycle Cost Analysis to quantitatively compare options

• Preference for lower life-cycle cost option

7

Carbon Price Policy Project/Initiative: options analysis

Option A Option B

Capital $Op. $

Project lifeGHGs

Life-cycle cost A

Life-cycle cost B

Capital $Op. $

Project lifeGHGs

XClimate Action Committee - Page 39

8

Applicable emissions

• Emissions from fuels (i.e., gas, diesel, natural gas, propane)• Emissions from electricity (BC Hydro’s GHG factor)• Process emissions (i.e., CO2, methane, N2O)• Avoided emissions from clean energy (e.g., heat, biogas)• Avoided emissions from ecosystem protection (e.g., forests)

Climate Action Committee - Page 40

9

Application to Projects with OptionsAll Metro Vancouver projects and initiatives

Projects with significant GHG emissions

Projects with options, which have different GHGs

Projects that may be impacted by Carbon Price

Climate Action Committee - Page 41

10

Price: $150 per tonne• Analysis suggests that a price of this

level ($100-$200) is needed to meet climate pledges (80% reduction below 2007 levels by 2050)

• Federal Social Cost of Carbon (Updated estimate for 2025 $200/tonne)

• Internal analysis: $150 per tonne could make significant GHG-reducing project options viable

Climate Action Committee - Page 42

YearProjected

BC/Federal Carbon Tax

Additional Carbon Price for Life Cycle

Cost AnalysisTOTAL Carbon Price for Metro Vancouver

2017 $30 $120 $1502018 $30 $120 $1502019 $30 $120 $1502020 $30 $120 $1502021 $30 $120 $1502022 $30 $120 $150

Future $30 $120 $15011

Carbon Price Schedule

Climate Action Committee - Page 43

• Evaluating electric vehicles for fleet on a life-cycle basis

• Each vehicle converted would reduce almost 2.5 tonnes of GHGs per year

• Lower life cycle cost for electric vehicle (with or without carbon price policy)

12

Example: Fleet

12

Fleet Vehicle

Nissan Sentra

Nissan Leaf

($19,500)8 years

2.5 tCO2e/y

($28,000)8 years

0.04 tCO2e/y

• Lower life-cycle cost• 20 t GHG reduction

($38,300) ($31,540)

X

Climate Action Committee - Page 44

• Comparing opportunities at two wastewater treatment plants to install heat pumps to recover energy from treated effluent

• Project at Plant 2 has positive net present value, and regionally significant GHG reductions

Example: Heat for District Energy

1313

Heat Pumps at Treatment Plants

Project at Plant 1

Project at Plant 2

($17 M)25 years

(2,800 tCO2e/y)

($13 M) 25 years

(5,400 tCO2e/y)

• Positive net present value• 137,000 t GHG reduction

($6.5 M) $7.6 M

X

Climate Action Committee - Page 45

• Life cycle costs analysis shows that fuel and maintenance costs for low-GHG options can be lower• i.e. lowest GHG option is not necessarily more expensive

• Use of carbon price in options analysis may result in additional capital expenditures

• Financial impact depends on capital and operating costs of the selected option

14

Financial Impacts

Climate Action Committee - Page 46

Fleet “Low Emission Vehicle Standard”

• Major capital projects with options analysis• Scope of services for consultants

• Build into Options Analysis Framework • Standardization of Life Cycle Cost Analysis tool

15

Phased Implementation

Climate Action Committee - Page 47

Thank you

Climate Action Committee - Page 48

18

Corporate Climate Action Plan (2010)• “establish an internal price for

GHG emissions at a level whichwould encourage lower GHGemitting projects”

• “integrate energy use and GHGemissions into the assessment ofcapital projects”

21921147 Climate Action Committee - Page 49