Climate Change AdaptationAlbanian experience

Eglantina Demiraj Bruci, Prof. Dr.Climate Change Programme, UNDP

Seminar ‘Climate Change Adaptation’, 3-4 November, Tirana

I. Climate Change in Albania (activities/projects)

II. Climate change impact and adaptation (DLDM –pilot project)

V&A assessment in Albania (historical view)

• Started in 1993 (CAMP Albania, UNEP/MAP)

• Focus: Coastal area

• Impact on sectors: • Water resources

• Natural ecosystems

• Managed ecosystems (agriculture, forestry)

• Energy, transport

• Tourism

• Population

• Health

V&A (MoE/UNDP/GEF)

• Focus

• Sectors/systems: water resources, agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, energy (INC, SNC) tourism, population, health (INC, TNC), natural disasters related to climate (TNC)

INC

TNC

SNC

DLDM

Available at UNDP Albania webpage (http://www.al.undp.org/content/albania/en/home/library/environment_energy/?page=1

UNFCCC webpage

V&A (WB, GIZ, …) WB:

• Reducing the Vulnerability of Albania's

Agricultural Systems to Climate Change :

Impact Assessment and Adaptation Options

• Climate Vulnerability Assessments : An Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability, Risk, and Adaptation in Albania's Energy Sector

(available at http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16198)-

• GIZ regional (ongoing)

• Other ….

Climate change impactand adaptation

(DLDM –pilot project)

I. Project: Identification and implementation of adaptation response measures in the Drini-Mati River deltas

(MSP under GEF SPA, supported by GEF/UNDP/ Government of Albania, implemented by Climate Change Programme)

• Specific objective: to build adaptive capacities in the DMRD to ensure resilience of the key ecosystems and local livelihoods to climate change:

• by first identifying, and

• then integrating climate change response measures into development programming in the DMRD. DMRD services:

• provisioning (coastal protection, secure of food-fishery, quality fresh water, medicinal resources, etc...);

• cultural (aesthetic, recreational-tourism, scientific, educational);

• regulating (gas regulation, climate, flood protection, biological and nutrient regulation, soil retention, water purification, etc.); and

• support (primary production, nutrient cycling, soil and habitat formation, etc...)

• Harbors significant biodiversity values, three main types of habitat:

(i)marine, (ii) wetlands including estuarine, riverine, lacustrine and palustrine, and

• (iii) non-wetland Habitats provides wintering ground for the globally endangered pygmy cormorant (Phalacrocoraxpygmaeus) and over 70 other species of waterfowl and water bird with a total population of some 180,000 individuals.

• Drini delta -recognized internationally as an Important Bird Area (IBA) and a Specially Protected Area (SPA) and, defined in the network of Albanian Protected Areas as Scientific Reserve, according to the 1º category of IUCN

Likely changes in annual temperature: 2050: 1.8°C (1.3-2.4°C); 2080: 2.8°C (2.1-4.1°C) 2100: 3.2°C (2.3-5.0°C)

Annual temperature c hang es

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Climate change scenarios –temperature & precipitation projections

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Likely changes in annual precipitation: 2050: -8.1% (-5.5 to -11%), 2080: -12.9% (-8.4 to -21%), 2100: -15.5% (-9.0 to -26.1%)

(IPCC ar4, 6 scenarios&6 GCMs)

sealevel change

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Increase in frequency and intensity of extreme events: high temperatures, heavy precipitation (max24h), strong winds

Drought, flooding, storm surges, etc.Coastline prediction for the year 2100 for the DMRDarea showing (in blue) the area of the current coastalzone that will be affected by sea level rise.

Climate change scenarios –

Dhjetor2009-Janar 2010

Risks potential risks of

climate change identified and prioritised

adaptation strategies to address the impacts identified and prioritised

capacities of DMRD stakeholders (regional and local) to evaluate the impacts of climate change and develop adaptation strategies built.

Risks

CommunityEcosystemsBuilt environmentNatural environment

Risks - ecosystems • Loss of coastal, marine and estuarine

habitats;

• Removal of important geomorphologic features (sand dunes);

• Extensive clearing of coastal vegetation, loss of flora and fauna;

• Removal of buffer zones;

• Changes in distribution of invasive species;

• Reduced ecosystem resilience to sea level rise and climate change; and

• Saltwater intrusion.

• Loss of arable land

Adaptation measures -a total of 42 measures – prioritization analysis

Build adaptation capacities (BAC)

Deliver adaptation actions (DAA)

Soft (ecosystem based)- Beach nourishment

- Dune planting- Incorporate ‘Integrated monitoring programme’ into the National Monitoring P- Reforestation- Waste water treatment

Hard structural

Construction of groyne fieldConstruction of terminal groyonesBreaching Zaje – Ceke lagoon embankment ; embankments; etc.

- Disseminate climate change information throughout levels of government

- Review and amend existing legislation to align to management objectives in light of projected CC - Develop the Regional (DMRD) climate change adaptation policy

Adaptation measures DAA measures

(EbA + engineering, CbA)• erosion• water exchange lagoon-sea• Sea level rise

How to manage/meet the local community expectations?

Through:

• capacity building and awareness increase (through enhancing ecosystems resilience could restore natural protection of livelihood)

• efforts to ‘bridge’ the disaster risk management and CCA (enhancing ecosystems resilience could restore natural protection against extreme climatic events)

C&B analysis: estimated range of Euro 15.4-16.8 million can alert society to the ‘value’ of assets at risk

NO !!!

Adaptation measures implemented so far

• 11 PIFs for adaptation for the regionalgovernment and communities to applyfor multi donor support are drafted andpresented in a donor’s meeting;

• Ecosystem monitoring programme of theproject area integrated the into NationalMonitoring programme and monitoringstarted.

• CCA measures are integrated into the Management Plan of Kune-Vain Protected Aarea

Policy Paper: recommended policy strategies

PS 1 : The inclusion of specific reference to climate change adaptation in the National Strategy for Development and Integration 2013 - 2020 (NSDI).

PS2: Inclusion in the Environment Sector Cross-Cutting Strategy of the NSDI specific strategic priorities and policies that seek to support climate change mitigation and adaptation. The Environment Sector Strategy should implement the policy imperative on climate change action as outlined in the NSDI (PS 1).

PS3: Ensuring that the Environment Cross-Sector Strategy incorporates specific climate change adaptation actions and priorities for inclusion within other sector strategies

PS4: Establishment of a Climate Change Technical Working Group under the auspices of the Working Group for Environment

PS5: Ensuring that climate change adaptation is a specific focus within the project fiche developed under IPA 2013 (Climate Change) and seek subsequent financial support for its implementation.

PS6: Encouragement all regional governments, based on the experience of the DRMD project, to develop specific adaptation project fiche to seek climate adaptation financing.

PS7: Continue close working relationships with neighbouring countries and regional organisations to build on experiences in developing integrated management systems to address shared climate change adaptation challenges.

Adaptation measures implemented so far (demonstration)

• ‘dune planting‘ (planting withAmmophilia arenaria) -demonstration of restorationactivities to adapt to sealevelinduced erosion carried out(Vaini Lagoon);

Communication Campaign

Drini-Mati week

10 October –

“The Climate Change Action Day” DRDM (local day)

Questions?

Thank you!