climate change and chance · water. atlantic herring are not moving farther north, but they are...

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Newsletter of the Seabird Restoration Program of the National Audubon Society Mission: Developing techniques for restoring seabirds to historic ranges and encouraging the protection and appreciation of seabirds worldwide. 2013 Egg Rock Update D uring the past two seasons, Project Puffin docu- mented lower nesting success of Atlantic Puffins in the Gulf of Maine. At Matinicus Rock (MR) and Seal Island National Wildlife Refuge (SINWR), where puffin nesting burrows are shallow enough to check for eggs, Project Puffin staff discovered that in 2013, there were only two-thirds as many nests as in 2012. At these islands, puffin eggs hatched about two weeks later than usual, and many aban- doned their eggs. Only about 10 percent succeeded in rear- ing a chick. Similar nest- ing failure occurred at Machias Seal Island, on the U.S.-Canadian border, where only 15 percent of the 6,500 puffin pairs produced a fledgling in 2013. ese events suggest that puffins were in poor condition following the stressful winter of 2012–2013; many either took a year off from breeding or died at sea over the winter. Because puffins may live for more than 30 years, taking an occasional nesting season off is their way of protecting themselves. A surprising twist to the disappointing 2013 nesting season occurred at Eastern Egg Rock (EER), Maine’s southernmost puffin colony, where there were seven more pairs nesting (104 pairs in 2012 compared to 111 in 2013). Most pairs fledged chicks. Where are the fish? A new scientific study is helping to solve this mys- tery. White hake and Atlantic herring are among several species that frequent the Northeast Continental Shelf (which includes the Gulf of Maine) that are shifting their ranges. Seventeen important fish populations (stocks) are moving north at the surprising speed of 1 to 8 km per year, another seventeen are moving to deeper, cooler water and eight stocks are moving both north and into deeper water. e fact that white hake and Atlantic herring are among the species affected by warming water has huge implications for the future of puffins and other fish- eating seabirds in Maine. ese two fish make up the bulk of the summer diet for puffins and terns, but white hake are moving north and into deeper, cooler PROJECT PUFFIN: 40 YEARS OF PROTECTING AND RESTORING SEABIRDS Derrick Z. Jackson CLIMATE CHANGE AND CHANCE Recovering fish stocks may help puffins adapt to warming waters 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1973 First six of 954 puffin chicks brought from Newfoundland to reestablish the former colony on Eastern Egg Rock (EER). 1977 First banded puffins return to EER. Puffin decoys helped to encourage the first translocated puffins to land on Egg Rock in 1977. Today, decoys encourage puffins to land where researchers can see the fish that are intended for their chick.

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Page 1: CLIMATE CHANGE AND CHANCE · water. Atlantic Herring are not moving farther north, but they are also affected by warmer water and they are changing the areas where they occur. Fish

Newsletter of the Seabird Restoration Program of the National Audubon Society

Mission: Developing

techniques for restoring seabirds to historic ranges and encouraging

the protection and appreciation

of seabirds worldwide.

2013

Egg Rock Update

D uring the past two seasons, Project Puffin docu-mented lower nesting success of Atlantic Puffins

in the Gulf of Maine. At Matinicus Rock (MR) and Seal Island National Wildlife Refuge (SINWR), where puffin nesting burrows are shallow enough to check for eggs, Project Puffin staff discovered that in 2013, there were only two-thirds as many nests as in 2012. At these islands, puffin eggs hatched about two weeks later

than usual, and many aban-doned their eggs. Only

about 10 percent succeeded in rear-ing a chick.

Similar nest-ing failure occurred

at Machias Seal Island, on the U.S.-Canadian

border, where only 15 percent of the 6,500 puffin

pairs produced a fledgling in 2013. These events suggest that

puffins were in poor condition following the stressful winter of 2012–2013; many either took a year off from breeding or died at sea over the winter. Because puffins may live for more than 30 years, taking an occasional nesting season off is their way of protecting themselves.

A surprising twist to the disappointing 2013 nesting season occurred at Eastern Egg Rock (EER), Maine’s southernmost puffin colony, where there were seven more pairs nesting (104 pairs in 2012 compared to 111 in 2013). Most pairs fledged chicks.

Where are the fish?A new scientific study is helping to solve this mys-

tery. White hake and Atlantic herring are among several species that frequent the Northeast Continental Shelf (which includes the Gulf of Maine) that are shifting their ranges. Seventeen important fish populations (stocks) are moving north at the surprising speed of 1 to 8 km per year, another seventeen are moving to deeper, cooler water and eight stocks are moving both north and into deeper water.

The fact that white hake and Atlantic herring are among the species affected by warming water has huge implications for the future of puffins and other fish-eating seabirds in Maine. These two fish make up the bulk of the summer diet for puffins and terns, but white hake are moving north and into deeper, cooler

PROJECT PUFFIN: 40 YEARS OF PROTECTING AND RESTORING SEABIRDS

Derrick Z

. Jackson

CLIMATE CHANGE AND CHANCERecovering fish stocks may help puffins adapt to warming waters

1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1973 First six of 954 puffin chicks brought from Newfoundland to reestablish the former colony on Eastern Egg Rock (EER).

1977 First banded puffins return to EER.

Puffin decoys helped to encourage the first translocated puffins to land on Egg Rock in 1977. Today, decoys

encourage puffins to land where researchers can see the fish

that are intended for their chick.

Page 2: CLIMATE CHANGE AND CHANCE · water. Atlantic Herring are not moving farther north, but they are also affected by warmer water and they are changing the areas where they occur. Fish

PROJECT PUFFIN: 40 YEARS OF PROTECTING AND RESTORING SEABIRDS (Continued)

Egg Rock Update 2013 32 Egg Rock Update 2013

0102030405060708090

100

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Perc

enta

ge o

f die

t

Haddock and Redfish: New Fish in Puffin Diet

HaddockRedfish (Sebastes sp.)

The 2013 Maine Research TeamFirst Row (left to right): Maggie Lee Post; Jennifer Howard; Morgan

Heckerd; John Johnson; Stephen Kress; Aspen Ellis; Emily Pollom; Debbie Wood. Second Row: Rosalie Borzik; Kiah Walker; Kristina

McOmber; Chelsea Krol; Elin Price; Kaitlyn Nafziger; Olivia DaRunga; Debbie Wood. Third Row: Ed Jenkins; Catherine Pham; Halley Ray

Walsh; Katerina Faust; Jess Everett; Paula Shannon; John Gorey; Sarah Daniels. Fourth Row: Carter Brown; Lewis Lolya; Jeffrey Knox; Adam DiNuovo; Janine Parziale; Emily Goetz; Nicole Passeri; Frank Mayer; Pete Salmansohn. Absent from photo: Lillian Alexander; Kayla Astl; Lelia Barden; Andre Bretón; Maki Briggs; John Drury; Chris Fischer;

Sandy Flint; Peggy Friar; Ted Gaine; Marilyn Grant; Julia Gulka; Anthony Hill; Brian Hoover; Mark LaBarr; Mary LaCreta; Ayla Liss; Kate MacNamee; Susan Meadows; Juliana Merluccio; Emma Ober; Dan & Sally Ober; Stacey Palmer; Colin & Kristin Pennock; Patti

Rehn; William Robles; Shira Rubin; Susan Schubel; Zachary Smart; Eric Snyder; Rochelle Streker; Stella Walsh.

Award Recipients Duryea & Peggy Morton Seabird Internship:

Maggie Lee Post & Kate MacNameeColby College Intern: Katerina Faust

Hobart and William Smith Colleges Intern: Carter BrownMiddlebury College Intern: Emily GoetzMt. Holyoke College Intern: Chelsey Krol

Seabird Restoration Program StaffDirector: Stephen W. Kress

Associate Director: Rosalie V. BorzikOffice Manager: Deborah J. Wood

Annual Giving Manager: Ruth LikowskiAssistant to the Director: Terry P. Mingle

Education Coordinator: Peter SalmansohnEducation Outreach Specialist: Susan E. Schubel

Sanctuary Manager: Paula ShannonAssistant Sanctuary Manager: Adam DiNuovo

Database Manager: André BretonBoat Naturalist: Anthony Liss

Office Assistant: Arthur Marchese

Project Puffin Visitor Center StaffManager: Susan Meadows

Assistant Manager: Carly WeinbergVolunteers: Teresa Downey, Elyse Socker, Kathy Toubman,

Brian Trask, Marilyn Trask

Hog Island StaffIsland Manager: Eric Snyder

Program Manager: Jamie Wisniewski Program Marketing Coordinator: Erica Marx

Chef: Janii LaBergeAssistant Chefs: Alexandra Kay; George Masters

Camp Store Manager: Juanita Roushdy

Egg Rock Update StaffAuthors: Stephen Kress, Paula Shannon

Editors: Rosalie V. Borzik, Elissa WolfsonDesign: Green Heron Graphics, Etna, New York

Project Puffin, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA www.projectpuffin.org

water. Atlantic Herring are not moving farther north, but they are also affected by warmer water and they are changing the areas where they occur.

Fish can shift their range to find more suitable water tempera-tures, but seabirds have fixed limits as to how far they can travel from nesting islands. Longer fishing trips require the birds to burn more energy to find sufficient food for themselves and their young.

Why were Egg Rock puffins successful?Multiple colonies reduce the risk of predators wiping out all

of the species in a region. This conservation strategy can also help birds adapt to climate change, because each puffin nesting island has its own distinct “signature” of forage fish. For example, at SINWR and MR (just nine miles apart) parent puffins bring back similar types of food. In contrast at EER, located 35 miles southwest of MR, puffins probably frequent different fishing holes where they encounter a somewhat different mix of forage fish. Comparison studies show that Egg Rock puffins have found ample quantity of the same kinds of fish over the past nine years, but since 2010, MR puffins have brought more varied meals to their chicks.

Can Maine puffins adapt? While puffin parents are quick to capture any small fish or

marine crustacean to feed their chicks, some foods are nutrition-ally much better for the chicks than others. The importance of a prey item depends upon the calories it provides, its size and shape, and even upon the number of prickly spines that makes it hard to swallow.

Whether Maine puffins can adapt to climate-linked changes in fish populations depends in part upon changes in white hake and herring populations, and how fast changes occur. It also depends on chance factors, such as which fish species will reoccupy the vacated habitat near nesting islands. And, it depends upon our ability to wisely manage fish stocks—existing and future stocks that will likely shift into Maine coast water from the south. Some of these southern species could become increasingly important to seabirds.

What is changing in the puffins’ world?During the spring and summer of 2013, fertility of the Gulf

of Maine was also lower than usual, perhaps due to a very weak, undetectable spring phytoplankton bloom that lead to a dearth of

1980 1981 1982 1983 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

1980 First use of social attraction results in Common and Arctic terns nesting at EER after a 44-year absence.

1981 Four pairs of puffins nest on EER after a 96-year absence.

1986 Stratton Island field station opens (Prout’s Neck, Maine).

1988 First international seabird restoration project begins in the Galapagos Islands to help endangered Dark-rumped Petrels.

1989 Arctic and Common terns recolonize Seal Island NWR after a 25-year absence.

1991 Jenny Island field station opens near Cundy’s Harbor, Maine.

1992 Seven pairs of puffins nest on Seal Island after a 105-year absence.

1984

1984 Restoration of puffins begins on Seal Island NWR.

1984 Matinicus Rock light-house becomes Project Puffin station.

the nutritious copepod Calanus finmarchicus in most areas. This cold water species is the primary food that fattens puffin prey such as herring and hake.

“Chance events” may help puffins adaptTwo new kinds of fish are showing up in puffin chick diets—

redfish, or “ocean perch” (Sebastes spp.) and haddock, both greatly overfished in previous decades. Now, effective fishery management regulations are giving them a chance to rebuild their numbers and populations in the Gulf of Maine are increasing. Fortunately, neither species appears to be shifting northward or into deeper water. This timely recovery of haddock and redfish stocks may prove to be good news for puffins.

If white hake moves out of reach of the nesting islands, perhaps a well-managed herring population can make up for the loss. New fish from warmer waters will also enter the puffins’ domain. These unknowns point to the huge role of chance events associated with climate change. For example, this summer, another wide-bodied southern fish, the Atlantic moonfish (Selene setapinnis), showed up in Maine tern nests for the first time. However, moonfish proved of little

value as the tern chicks could not swallow them.A recent world review recommended leaving 33 percent of

maximum fish biomass in the oceans to sustain seabird popula-tions. This would help puffins and other fish-eating birds adapt to chance changing conditions in the Gulf of Maine.

Read more at http://projectpuffin.audubon.org/climate-change-and-chance Acknowledgments: Kevin Friedland, NOAA for review of the ecological content of this article and Christopher O’Neal for statistical tests.

PROJECT PUFFIN OUTREACH HIGHLIGHTS• Morethan4

million views of the Audubon/Explore.org high-definition cams focused on puffins, terns and ospreys.

• Morethan9,000visitorsviewedthelivecams,seabirdart exhibits and lectures at Project Puffin Visitor Center in Rockland.

• 7,025puffinwatchersonthe“HardyBoat”fromNew

Harbor and “Cap’n Fish” from Boothbay Harbor learned about puffins and other seabirds on day trips led by Project Puffin narrators.

• SeabirdAdventures,ourschooloutreachprogram,provided hands-on activities about seabirds and coastal conservationto1,361childrenin19Maineschoolswith many children receiving multiple visits from outreach teacher “Seabird Sue” during the 2012–2013 school year.

• TensessionsattheHogIslandAudubonCampwerefilled with 355 participants who attended the popular six-day programs for adults, teens, and families.

Photo by Derrick Z

. Jackson

Page 3: CLIMATE CHANGE AND CHANCE · water. Atlantic Herring are not moving farther north, but they are also affected by warmer water and they are changing the areas where they occur. Fish

PROJECT PUFFIN: 40 YEARS OF PROTECTING AND RESTORING SEABIRDS (Continued)

Maine Island Updates

4 Egg Rock Update 2013 Egg Rock Update 2013 5

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

1996 Pond Island NWR field station opens near the mouth of the Kennebec River, ME.

2002 Outer Green Island tern restoration begins near Portland, Maine; Common Terns nest.

2006 Project Puffin Visitor Center opens in Rockland, Maine.

2009 Common Murres nest and first Manx Shearwater chick at Matinicus Rock.

2010 Hog Island Audubon Camp reopens.

2012 Baja Seabird Restoration Program begins in Mexico.

2012 Audubon and Explore.org launch HD cams to view osprey, puffins, and terns.

2013 Plans start for Audubon Seabird Institute.

Stratton Island110LeastTernpairsnested,fledgingatleast79chicks—thehighest in recent years.

Outer Green IslandThe Common Tern colony reached a record high of 1,143 pairs, which produced 1.15 chicks per pair (1,314 chicks). Ten percent of the colony (112 pairs) nested on the outdoor carpet placed down as a weed barrier.

1996 Devil’s Slide Rock project for Common Murres begins in Half Moon Bay, CA.

2013 ISLAND HIGHLIGHTS

T he summer wEAthER was typi-cally wet and foggy. Tropical Storm

Andrea soaked Maine’s tern colonies on June7thandlaterstormscausedfur-ther havoc for tern chicks. The rain also favored the rampant growth of bindweed over puffin and tern habitat. PREDAtORS affected productivity on Jenny Island where two minks and a Black-crowned Night-Heron raided the tern colony. Peregrine Falcons visited several islands regularly, causing colony disruptions and taking adult puffins and terns. FOOD was relatively abundant for terns on all islands this summer, but not for puffins or black guillemots on Matinicus Rock and Seal Island. In contrast, Egg Rock puffins found ample food. White hake and herring dominated puffin chick diet, especially in early summer. But-terfish was scarcer than in 2012, but the even more difficult-to-swallow Atlantic moonfish showed up for the first time in tern nests on all seven islands.

Eastern Egg RockRoseateTernsincreased17%innumbersince2012,to83nestingpairswith77fledglings.Puffinsincreasedto111nestingpairs.

Seal Island N.W.R.Half of the 21 Razorbill pairs fledged a chick—a record high number of pairs with the best nesting success yet. In contrast, Black Guillemots fledged just 0.20 chicks per pair; food for chicks was scarce and many died of starvation.

Matinicus RockArctic Terns benefitted from abundant hake and herring early in the season attain-ing the colony’s highest nesting success since 2003; they fledged an average of 0.85 chicks per pair.

Pond Island N.W.R.The Common Tern colony reached a record high of 692 pairs—a 16%increase from 2012. They fledged an average of 1.25 chicks per nest (865 fledglings)—the result of a diet domi-nated by sand lance and herring.

Jenny IslandAtotalof829CommonTernpairsnestedandfledgedanaverageof1.09chicksperpairthis summer. Seven pairs of Roseate Terns nested, producing five fledglings.

Hog Island Audubon Camp 40 participants from Road Scholar helped to remove invasive plants and clean up marine debris such as lobster trap buoys at Eastern Egg Rock and Stratton Island.

Read about more island updates at http://projectpuffin.audubon.org/island-highlights

Atlantic Puffin by Robert Butaky

Photo by Alison Kocek

Photo by Caroline Poli

Page 4: CLIMATE CHANGE AND CHANCE · water. Atlantic Herring are not moving farther north, but they are also affected by warmer water and they are changing the areas where they occur. Fish

Egg Rock Update 2013 76 Egg Rock Update 2013

In Memory ofSeanMarilynn ButlerGeorge Chandler, IIIHendrik van HemmenThe Children of Newtown,CTByron TsusakiMae GeeJane Chandler Calvin HobsonElaine SpaffordNorris & Kathe NelsonRachel RodriguesThomas V. RaqueSally R. HammLois Ricker & Mary Ella CluffLydia Cook

Jacob StolerAmy KoplowMelissa Maureen SullivanJudith SullivanBeverly Taylor-GodwinElisa Taylor-GodwinElkins WetherillAlexandra GerryBarbara WojciechowskiNancy A. Nichols In Honor ofOliverPaul WeislogelKieran AdamsNicholas Hollings & Christine BlaberWilliam SnyderMax StephensMrs. Stanley BohinskiDavid & Marianne Strong

Rebecca CaselAdam & Miriam RuchmanMignonne DeckerMarnie GaedePatricia B. EinhornEinhorn/Lasky Family FundJesse EstlowMimi DavisAnthony HillMary Ellen KellyAngela RiccelliCarlene RiccelliMolly HoodAlex HoodNancy HostlerSuzanne ShermanSue KornAubrey Seppa-HodgkinsSteve Kress, Elissa & LilianaMarion DeGroff

Steven ShawKatrina Thompson LadwigLaurel LadwigAnn LivingstonBarbara R. HamlinDr. Zach LondonDiane LearnerJan McCormickJoe McCormickWilliam & Stuart MortonCynthia MortonEleanor MosherHarold MosherRandal NicholsonLinda MeehanChuck & Ann NickelCynthia ChuEmily PollomTimothy Donnellon

Jerry & Judy PitkowskyBarbara & Brian EdenPam PurdyBeth GillesMarion Frances SmithKathy JordanNeale Smith & Gerry WeinbergerSue Weinstein & Marekah StewartRick SmithAl & Nancy MerrittPete SalmansohnEsther & David LaventholDr. Baldwin TomMadeline TomScott WebbLynn JonesNini ZoppelRobert Zoppel

Susa

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$50,000 +Explore.org/The Annenberg

FoundationFriends of Hog IslandSarah R. Jeffords$25,000–$49,999Disney Worldwide Conservation FundU.S. Fish & Wildlife Service grants$15,000–$24,999AnonymousBarbara’s Bakery, Inc.EdHelperMo & Susan FeldmanProut’s Neck Audubon SocietyRJM FoundationSeaWorld & Busch Gardens

Conservation FundLucy Waletzky$10,000–$14,999Davis Conservation FundElmina B. Sewall FoundationHardy Boat CruisesMichael Herz & Kate JosephsJingo FoundationPhyllis MeekStephen E. & Evalyn E. MilmanSamuel Plimpton & Wendy Shattuck$5,000–$9,999AnonymousPauline & Robert E. Anderson, IIISharon & Randy BlackburnBobolink FoundationNancy BodmerMargaret Ann & George CarswellHuddy CohenColby CollegeDaniel K. Thorne Foundation, Inc.Ronald & Lois DeLucaGwaii Haanas National ParkHobart and William Smith CollegesHorizon FoundationSuzi KingMiddlebury CollegeTom & Susan MooreMount Holyoke CollegeWilliam & Mary Anne PerksQuimby Family FoundationBeth Ann SegalIrwin & Melinda SimonJennifer SpeersStewart FoundationWeetabix of Canada Limited$1,500–$4,999Anonymous (2)Charles C. ButtLinda Noelle Cabot & Ed AndersonEdward K. & Jo CarpenterJulie EnsorBob & Alene GelbardPriscilla HafnerEmory HamiltonHermitage School DistrictThomas B. Judge

Jeanie & Murray KilgourDuryea & Peggy MortonNational Philanthropic TrustThe Norcross Wildlife FoundationDonal C. & Katie O’BrienSteven C. & Barbara RockefellerJuanita RoushdyChrissie & Lex SantSpellissy FoundationAnne SymchychWal-Mart FoundationRobert Wanner & Shirley EganWestwind FoundationYork County Audubon Society$500-$1,499 Anonymous (2)Paul & Kathy AndersonDeirdre AndersonRobert & Jennie Beth BakerThe Barrington FoundationPhilip H. & Susan BartelsThe Howard Bayne FundKevin BellCarin Berolzheimer & Mark FarverJoette BorzikBruce & Kevin BowlerMrs. Walter F. BrissendenLydia CookKatherine CoppensStuart Crook & Linda SchneiderMrs. Enid Storm DwyerDonna EschenSandra FinkWalter & Anne C. GambleCarole & John GermanCarol Ann Krug GravesNora HankeKate HannahRenee HarbourRobert E. & Margery H. HealingJackie HeinzeJames A. & Nancy HenryAnthony HillPatricia KeeseeOlive KempPaul KingCharles KingsleyLila KommerstadC. James LutherTom McArdleJoseph & Jenny McIntyreMid-Coast Audubon SocietyThe Gerrish H. Milliken FoundationMarcia & Thomas MortonLenny & Janice OlsonOmaha’s Henry Doorly ZooEliot & Linda PaineAlan PalmerDaniel PierceRoy & Barbara PollockCarlene RiccelliSusan RomeoLeslie A. & Carolyn W. RoslundElizabeth & Jean Rowley

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Family Foundation, Inc.$101–$499Karen AbbottJudy AbramsSamantha AdhootJohn R. AlexanderJohn & Edwina AllenJanet & Stephen AndersonCarol ArmstrongArthur J. Gallagher FoundationAssociation of Junior Leagues

InternationalDavid W. BabingtonJeffrey BakkerGail BardiCulver K. BarrDr. A Sidney Barritt IIICarol BarrowsBelfast Cooperative IncWendy BennettBarbara C. BernardinJeff BernholzAnn BiekAnn BissellMary BlackardRuth E. BlodgettMarcia BontaJames & Nadine Bouler & FamilyKellie BowenDenison W. BriggsNakita BrooksPaul M. BrownChristine BrueschkeDiane BuaasSpring BuckKelle BureshLeslie BurtonBarbara ButcherAnina ButlerDebra CantwellJames CarpenterAnne Kendall CasellaReed & Christine CassPatricia CassellDonald F. ChandlerJane ChandlerLois ChestonCynthia ChuWilliam ClearyMargaret Gentry CleggJohn David ColeJudy ColeDavid ColsonMary Catherine Conroy HaydenCorinne CooperWilliam & Kathleen CosgroveRobert CottaDawn CrealBruce T. DalzellJohn & Gail Danielson

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Montessori School 3rd GradersMartha S. HassellRosemary HawkinsBetty HaydenJaynee HemmingsenWilliam HerseyJane Hilburt-DavisDaniel HildrethMcCord & Marjorie HinkelCarl & Lee Ann HoffnerElisabeth HolmesDrs. Sami & Catherine HusseiniIBM International FoundationJohn JohansenSusan JohnsonDonna KauffmanFrances KehrKenneth L. Hermansen

Elementary SchoolWarren B. & Barbara KingMikell KloetersDon Klotz Jr.Diane KrauseMargo KuhneLaurel LadwigEsther & David LavetholDeirdre Lavieri & Brion FriedmanRobert & Ann Leftwich

Jonathan LeVeen & Mary McPherson

Tom & Carol LindstromGeri LeVine LoeLeslie LoeffelJim LottJoanna R. Louis, M.D.Carolyn LumbardNigel MacEwanHeather MacLeodTom & Phyllis MahanStan MalkemusClaudine MannDr. Berit MannforsJane & Jim MaranHoward & Lavonne MarkelLinda & David MarshAudrey Mason & Rudi DornemannJohn McCarter & Deborah KeatsWilliam R. & Ana McCarthyRansom R. McClungJack McGrewComber McHughSteve & Susan McInnisMimi McMillenLindsay MicheletSally MikkelsenJohn J. Mitchell Jr.Monhegan Thomaston Boat

Line, Inc.Stephen MorrisCynthia MortonRobert & Juanita MostonJill H. NagorniakJennifer NagyNational GridJames NevilleNancy A. NicholsChuck & Ann NickelAlvin NixLinda & Laurence NovickSally OberDavid OsborneKenneth & Helen OstermillerCarolyn Pedone & John RoseThe Pegasus FoundationKristin & Chris PennockBob & Pat PhillipsJanice PhillipsPaul PniewskiSusan Porter & Howard SnyderTom PratuchSimone PughAlan RammerBayard ReaJohn ReillyDavid RoachShaunagh & Kenneth RobbinsKay RoethemeyerEarl & Susan RogersRosamond W. Allen Charitable FundSusan RossTravis RuchAdam & Miriam RuchmanSandra Ruggiero

2012–2013 CONTRIBUTORSContributions listed were received from October 1, 2012 through September 30, 2013. Space restrictions prevent us from listing our 371 Supporter-level friends. Every

donor is important to us and we sincerely regret any omissions. Your continuing participation makes our work possible.

Lance & Cathy BayerAlma BealsKaren & Joe BeardenSusan BeckMichael Bell & Amy Trelease-BellMary Lynn BernhardLynn BetlockBeverly BobroskeElizabeth BollmannPat BontinenJoan & Stuart BoreenLee BornEvan BoucherToni BougherJacqueline BowerGordon W. BowmanMelissa BoysenMaryann BrackenDixie BradleyRichard BrennanJames BrockMarc & Vivian BrodskyThe Brooklyn Bird ClubJoyce & Larry BrooksStephanie BrostlJacob BroullireDeborah BrownEmerson BrownEmily BrownMargaret BrownRichard & Sue BrugamRichard BrundrettJoelle BuffaSue BunkerStaci BurbridgeKristen BurkholderBradley BurroughsChris & Robin BurroughsDarcy ButtsSusan, Susanne & Sandi ByrneMrs. Bartram CadburyKaren Campbell & Jack MillerNaomi CareyBrenda CarlsonLinda CarrollThomas A. & Carolyn CassillyNate & Deedre ChadwickKenneth ChandlerIching ChaoEdward & Marilyn ChaseBob ChavesXiuye ChenJeffrey ChinAmy ChoboyNancy ChristiePage ChristmanBernard & Janice ClancyDeborah ClarkThomas ClarkKaren & Jim ClarkeMichael ClarksonSuzanne ClephaneMr. & Mrs. John CoffinShannon L. ColeDoris CombsRobert ConleyMarcie CookCatherine Cooper-EllisSandra CraigCheryl Craigie & John BrittCharlotte CummingsRoderick & Verena CushmanLinda DalterPeter DamonBarbara D. DavisDeborah DavisDayton Elementary SchoolDenise de DiegoPriscilla del CastilloDavid DeliaClifford & Jane DeMayoCharles & Nancy DennisWinifred DetwilerTony DiamondBarbara DibernardHarriet DickersonNancy DickinsonDebbie DickinsonCharles DillaKathryn DionnePatricia DiPasqualeJoe DiVecchioLee & Alan DolanJocelyn & John DonaldPam DongTimothy Donnellon

Carl DonnerRobert DowlingLeon DoyonLoa du LaneyMary DudleyKaye DuncanLaura DurbinAlan DurfeeMichael DuttweilerStephen L. DysonRhea EdgeCynthia EdwardsRosie ElefanteMario & Dorothy ElleroJon EmmonsPhillip ErvenKeith & Erika EsserMarjory M. EvansHelen EvartsJoyce K. FahrenholtzMiriam FairfieldJerry FalesAnna D. FaulknerJohn & Arlene FayeDr. Jay L. Federman &

Dr. Sylvia BeckDawn FensterbuschMary Ellen FernandezElizabeth FerryKaren FiebigJanine FlaniganJan ForbesCheryl FosterMonty FowlerJane FrantzMarjorie Ann FrehseeEva & Per FrumerieKathy FullerMarnie GaedeSarah GalvinEllayne GanzfriedGifts at 136Lisa GiguereRick Gilkey & Susan BakerLinda GilliesEdward S. GilmanGirl Scout Troop 61086Emily GlinickChristopher GloeJean GoeppingerMary Alice GoeringSuzanne & Clyde GoodrichGretchen GoodwinVladimir GorbunovDennys GradyStewart & Rosemary GreenJames GriffinRichard GriffithJanet GroverAnn GunkelDorothea GuthrieRebecca Haack-DeetzGerhard J. HaasDouglas HalfordDebbie HallDustin HallNancy HamiltonStephen HamlinCathy HammondSusan & Will HarbaughMary HarnedElizabeth HattonDanielle HauptmanCollin & Gwyneth HeinJilda HellingaJenna HenryMary HenselRebecca & Steve HermansonHickory Point SchoolGeorge & Cheryl HigginsDon & Eric HillmuthJeanie HiltonMary HoNancy HollandTracy HoltzmanAnn HooperDavid HopkinsRobert & Joan HornCatherine HornsteinH. HosleyCarol Hresko AltadonnaWendy HubbardFrank HuberMuriel HuberSara HumphreysJennifer Hunt

Jeanne HuntPaula HurdGary HutmanNancy IkeErin ImHofEllyn IngallsBrooke JamesMr. & Mrs. Kenneth JirinecJudith Jones & Judith BuhnerDavid & Sandy JunkinMarlene KaplanKatherine B. Sutton ElementaryAndrew & Michele KaufmanLinnea KeithBeth KelloggMary Ellen KellyMary Ella B. KellyEileen KennyLeslie KimDominique KingElizabeth C. KingsleyNancy KinnerRaymond J. & Kathy Kinney, Jr.Ian KirkRichard KittredgeTrude KleessKaren Kluge & Terry RosenmeierGretchen KnowltonScott KocherMichael KohnGerald KoonceAmy KoplowEvan B. KressDr. John KricherKathleen KurtzRebecca La CretaCindy LaiJohn LambPatricia LaskaWilliam J. LawsChristopher LawtonRoger & Leora LaylinDorothy LeeJanet LeeReginald LehouillierPatricia LeighfieldLynn LeopoldPeter Lepage &

Deborah O’ConnorJoshua LessardJames LevinSarah LevinCindy LevineCatherine LissTherese LittlefeatherChristina LombardinoElaine LongtempsAmanda LordRichard & Hope LothropMiriam LuebkeMary LutherClark MacKenziePamela MacWilliamsLisa MalandrinoJonathan ManleyJane MannHoward MansfieldMario MaracciCarr Lee MarchJane & John MarchamMichael MarchukJulia MarshMargaret MarshJohn MarstonJeanne A. MarszalekAmy Beth MartaJames MauJoan MaxwellBarbara & John McCammonAmanda McCoshLisa McCoyJudith McGaugheyWinifred McKelveyShirley McLaneMary Patricia McLaren-WoodRobert MellorGary MeunierJames A. MeyerJennifer MichaelsDianne MillerRussell & Amber MillerBinney MillerMarilyn MillerElizabeth A. MillerDavid W. MillsSusan W.K. Mimno

Ann L. MitchellAndrea MoldoffMontessori School at Emory:

Puffin ClassHarold S. MooreFred MorrisonElizabeth MorseRuth Mary MoserPatricia MoynahanMs. Lopez 3rd GradersStephen MullaneBonnie MulliganStephen MurphyAlice MurrayDorothy MurrayAnne H. NalwalkRichard & Sharon NashAndrea NatalieAdrianne NavonDr. Bogdan NedelkoffJeff NeinDeborah NelsonDon NelsonCaroline NelsonKen NetzorgAbigail NixonAnn NorsworthyAnne Ogden & Boyce MartinJane OlsenNicolette OlsonLawrence ONeillThomas O’NeillOrange County Audubon SocietyGeorge O’TooleSarah PackardBen PareesCharles & Patricia ParkerShawna ParkerC. Douglas ParrBarbara E. ParsonsPatricia PaulKaty PayneMatthew PeikenCheryl PelavinMary PeriardNadia PerryIrene PersGeoffrey PetersAlison PetersenBilly PettyPamela PhillipsCapt. Charles & Lora PiersallBrenda PlunkettJeri S. PoolElizabeth PopkinRoberta PorterBarbara PostSteve & Linda PostCathy PovilaitisMary Ellen PriestElaine ProbascoAnna ProchazkaJanice PruchSam RadcliffeGuy RawlinsDebbie RayKaren ReederTraci ReustVictoria RichEdward RichardsPhyllis RiddlesbergerDr. Beverly S. RidgelyLori RiellyMaria RinaldiAllynne RinelliJennifer RittenhouseJessica RitterMuriel RobertsAnn RobinsonJan RoelofsKate RogersSusan Rorer WhitbyAmanda RoseGillian RosenfeldChristopher & Carey RowsomHanna RubinDeborah RuheInsa RullkoetterArdis RundlettJohn SanderCraig SaundersDr. William ScheibleKevin SchererNancy L. SchuckmanDr. & Mrs. Richard F. SchwartzSarah Schwartz

Janis RussellKaren Marie Ryugo &

Jim BurnoskyKristin & Michael SantTom Schaefer & Cindy CookeDeanna SchaefferPaul & Pam SchmittDr. Erica SchoenbergerDonna ScottDr. Terry Ann ScrivenBarbara SedenskyGloria SellsJoanne SharpeSteven ShawRoberta SheehanDan ShermanDon & Linda SimmonsJoy SkeelRonald & Marilyn SlivkaBernie & Mary SloferAubrey SmithSarah SmithAmbia SmithNancy SochaSparhawk School:The Puffin ClassMildred J. StarrettDavid SteinDonald & Lillian StokesRonald StrothkampRichard & Shirley StrycharzCandace Stuart & Mark StrykerStudents of St. Sebastian SchoolJudith SullivanSulzberger-Lax Family FundBeate SzandayEsther Tardy WolfeMark & Louise TaylorLynn Tennefoss & Johnnie MooreMadeline TomDr. Marleen A. TroyLynne TrulioByron TsusakiVicky VladicJudy VolquardsenRobert WahyudiCharles & Jane WalcottR.Adm. E. K. Walker, Jr.Laura WallerRobert C. WallisMichael & Marianne WalshAlexander F. WatsonRobert & Anne WatsonCynthia F. WebsterElisabeth A. WellsE. John & Kathryn WhiteElizabeth & Colin WhiteLinda WiedmannIrma J. WilhelmMuriel L. WilhelmElizabeth Willey &

Richard MlynarikW.D. WilliamsDavid WilloughbyCharlie WinkerJeremy WintersteenWinthrop Harbor Schools-

Westfield SchoolElaine Ybarra & Mark BoucherElizabeth YoungBarbara ZackDanielle Zimbardi$100Mara AbbottBruce AdamsLinda & Fred AdamsonLouise M. AldenCharlotte AllenJanet AllenThomas F. AllenEthan Alyea JrAmerican Cruise Lines Inc.John AndersonPaul AndersonSarah AndersonJames & Darla AndersonLaurie & Peter AscheAudubon Miami ValleyHope BabcockJamison BachrachMargaret BachtelElisabeth BahlJean BakerLinda BallElaine T. BarnumRita Barnum & Dennis LyonsHoward & Nancy Baron Jr.

Page 5: CLIMATE CHANGE AND CHANCE · water. Atlantic Herring are not moving farther north, but they are also affected by warmer water and they are changing the areas where they occur. Fish

LEAVE A LEGACY FOR SEABIRDSWith the addition of the following para-

graph in your will, you can leave a legacy for seabirds through the Seabird Restoration Program: Project Puffin Endowment Fund.“Ibequeath_____%ofmyresiduary

estate (or a specific sum of $_____) to the National Audubon Society, Inc., a not-for-profit environmental conservation organi-

zationwithitsheadquartersat225VarickSt.,7thFl,NewYork,NY10014 for the permanent endowment of its Seabird Restoration Program (also known as “Project Puffin”).

30% post-consumer recycled content

Learn more atprojectpuffin.audubon.org/puffin-tours

Step

hen

W. K

ress

ADOPT-A-PUFFIN

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

It is a special pleasure to acknowledge the following for their generous assistance and gifts

Polly & Bob AndersonAvian HavenBarbara’s BakeryMarie BenedettiCarolyn Bessey, Planet Fitness,

Brunswick, MEHenry & Hilde BirdSharon & Randy BlackburnRobert & Amy CampbellDave Corbeau, Harbormaster,

Pine Point, MEMike & Sindee DiBennedettoJohn Drury & Lucy McCarthyTerry DunningDonna EschenMichael FahaySandy & Sherry FlintKevin FriedlandWalter & Ann GambleGunnar Gunderson &

Lincoln County Rifle ClubHardy Boat CruisesCarl & Lee Ann HoffnerHoly Martyr’s Church, Falmouth MEDebbie Jackson & Prout’s Neck Assoc.Kieve-Wavus Education:

Bill Chapman & Henry KennedyLucy LaCasseTom LeckeyCharles & Sally LeeDr. James LiMaine Audubon: Bob BittenbenderMaria-Caroline MartinMarlenne RodriguezChristopher O’NealJanice & Lennart OlsonRich ParkerPortland (Maine) Fire DepartmentHerb & Pat PrattProut’s Neck Audubon SocietyProut’s Neck Yacht Club:

Scott Akerman; Eric UnterborneR.N. Fish & Son, Inc.Rising Tide Co-opJuanita RoushdyBill ScholtzDavid ScullyAlan Twombley, Harbormaster,

Falmouth, MEUnited Natural Foods, Inc.Stella WalshGeorge Wood

T he Seabird Restoration Program is a department of the Science Division of the National Audubon Society. We acknowledge Gary Langham, Laura

Silver and Teresa LaRocca for their solid support and encouragement. We also thank John Fitzpatrick and the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology staff for continued cooperation.

In addition, we thank Brad Allen and the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife for permission and logistic support for our work on Eastern Egg Rock, Jenny Island and Outer Green Island. We also thank Beth Goettel, Brian Benedict and the staff of Maine Coastal Islands National Wildlife Refuge for their continued cooperation for our studies on Seal Island NWR, Pond Island NWR and Matinicus Rock. Robert Hous-ton, Biologist for the USFWS Gulf of Maine Program graciously provides logistic and field support. We also thank the Prout’s Neck Audubon Society for their loyal support for our work on Stratton Island.

Jean SchweisDavid ScottLinda Scott & Pat SteinMaria SelkeSharon Lee ShafiiKaren ShankJoseph ShannonSteven SharmaJoan SheldonJean-Claire ShielyErin SiegalCarol SierakowskiDeborah SilversteinAllan SimpsonNancy SinclairJerry SkinnerSlaughter FamilyMichal & James SmartLawrence C. SmithDonna SmithGordon & Mary Beth SmithGreg SnajderSusan & Joel SolomonNancy B. SouletteRosemary & Ed SprehaElise Sprunt

Jo StageAlbert L. StanleyCarol StayerAlison StebbinsJo Ann SteinMarc SteinbergCindy & Mark StevensMichael StisoPaula StockerScott & Mary Ellen StoreyLona StuartMarlowe StuartKris SullivanEugene SullivanAndrea SummersPatricia B. SwayzeKristin SweeneyToru TakaseJoanna TallantireChristina TeeuwLeslee A. TempleCynthia TessienMartha TeumimThe Children’s WorkshopAndrea ThomasLawrence Thompson

Kara ThompsonJulie TobinKaren TophamDavid & Alice TorbettAmanda TorresM. J. TowerBrian & Marilyn TraskSuzanne TrazoffLinda TuynDorothy UhlErin UlrichUnum Matching Gifts ProgramHendrik van HemmenThomas VaniotisDesiree VarastehMaria VasilyadisZoe VeaseySuzanne VermilyaJoe VerreaultCharles O. VerrillMartha VeurinkWadsworth Center Bacteriology LabRobin WaierStephan WaldmannGenevieve WalkerAnne Wall

Elizabeth WarkM. Burrage WarnerAndrew WarrenJohn & Mary WatsonKate WattsSusan WeberCarolyn WeiJanet WelchJohn WemmlingerChristine WestEmily Westcott & William CarpenterMichael & Cathy WhalenHelen WhalleyJack & Jill WhitingJane Whitney & Richard HeroPolly Wiessner

Richard & Barbara WilesRev. Arlene R. WilhelmJohn WillsonMartha WilsonLevi WoodF.H. WoodringAlicemay WrightDr. Patricia Yancey MartinMaureen YannuzziDiana YaoG. Eugene YatesMr. & Mrs. Yuri YatsevitchMelinda YoungDr. Brandon ZeiglerBarbara ZelleyRobert Zoppel

MATCHING GIFTSArthur J. Gallagher FoundationIBM International FoundationNational GridP&G Fund Matching Gift ProgramUnum Matching Gifts Program

Employer matching gifts can double your support.

Puffin devotees who contribute $100 or more (tax deductible) to the Seabird Restoration Program will receive a cer-tificate of adoption for one Eastern Egg Rock puffin, along with a photograph and a biography of the bird.

Adopt online at projectpuffin.audubon.org/adopt-puffin-0 or call us at (607) 257–7308

Bill

Sch

oltz

ADOPT-A-PUFFIN

Six-day programs for adults, teens, and families

Summer classes•NEW Raptor Rapture•Maine Seabird Biology and Conservation• Joy of Birding• Field Ornithology•Coastal Maine Bird Studies for Teens •Arts and Birding•Audubon Chapter Leadership Program• Family Camp• Fall Migration on Monhegan Island

Visit hogisland.audubon.org or call (607) 257-7308, Ext. 14

2014 Hog Island Programs