climate change committee wg1 /eea waste expert meeting introduction in default data and available...
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Climate Change Committee WG1 /EEAClimate Change Committee WG1 /EEA Waste Expert MeetingWaste Expert Meeting
Introduction in default data and available statistics
Anke Herold, ETC-ACC
8 March 2006, Copenhagen
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ContentContent
Focus on activity data• Eurostat data• IPCC default data• Data situation reported by MS• Experiences from Germany• Future data situation
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Activity data neededActivity data needed
• Waste generation (MSW, industrial waste and sewage sludge)
• Waste landfilled• Waste composition of landfilled waste (Fractions
of Paper, Food/Organic, Garden, Wood, Textiles, Inert Materials). 2006 IPCC Guidelines add fractions of Rubber/leather, Nappies
• Data for 3-5 half-lives should be included in the estimation: time series back to 1950
• Historical data can be extrapolated backwards based on population and/or economic indicators
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EUROSTAT DATA EUROSTAT DATA
• Source: OECD/ Eurostat Joint Questionnaire• Coverage 1995 – 2003• Available information per country:
– Municipal waste generation [kg/capita], [1000 t]– Municipal waste landfilled [kg/capita], [1000 t]– Waste generation by industrial sectors [1000 t] (not complete)– Sewage sludge generation [1000 t]– Amounts of household and bulky waste (not complete)– Composition of MSW (Fractions: paper, textiles, plastics, glass,
metals, organic material, bulky waste, other)– Number of landfills, number of controlled landfills– GDP, population
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2006 IPCC Guidelines – Default Data 2006 IPCC Guidelines – Default Data
• 2006 IPCC Guidelines not yet finalized and may still change
• Default data used during the expert meeting should be checked with final 2006 IPCC Guidelines
• Available information per country:– MSW generation for Eastern Europe (tons/capita, year) – Fraction of MSW disposed to SWDS (Eastern Europe) (%)– Industrial waste generation (not complete)– Waste composition (Eastern, Northern, Southern) Europe– Default DOC contents for MSW and industrial waste
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Example Estonia 1Example Estonia 1
• The national waste data is collected by Estonian Environment Information Centre
• Data collection since 1993– Total generation of municipal waste – mixed municipal waste – Mixed municipal waste generation (kg/y, per capita) – Municipal waste disposed to landfills– The recovery of CH4 was started on year 1995
Table 6.3. Fraction of degradable organic carbon
Waste stream Fraction of
waste DOC
(fraction) DOC (by weight)
Paper and textiles 40 25,93 10,37
Garden and park waste 17 10,69 1,82
Food waste 15 30,43 4,56
Wood waste 30 1,83 0,55
Total 17,30
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Example Estonia 2Example Estonia 2
• For earlier years the Russian default DOC parameter are used because it was considered to be more appropriate for the past conditions
Table 6.6. Methane emissions from solid mixed waste (Gg), 1990-2004 Year
Annual MSW
landfilled (Gg)
Methane correction
factor (MCF)
Fraction of DOC in
MSW
Fraction of DOC which
actually degrades
Fraction of carbon
released as methane
Conversion ratio
Recovered methane per year
(Gg CH4)
Net annual methane
emissions (Gg CH4)
1990 361,20 1 0,17 0,6 0,5 16/12 0 24,56
1991 378,70 1 0,17 0,6 0,5 16/12 0 25,75
1992 432,60 1 0,17 0,6 0,5 16/12 0 29,42
1993 317,04 1 0,17 0,6 0,5 16/12 0 21,56
1994 468,87 1 0,17 0,6 0,5 16/12 0 31,88
1995 518,52 1 0,17 0,6 0,5 16/12 1,70 33,56
1996 563,69 1 0,17 0,6 0,5 16/12 2,20 36,13
1997 591,99 1 0,17 0,6 0,5 16/12 1,94 38,32
1998 556,00 1 0,17 0,6 0,5 16/12 1,40 36,41
1999 568,62 1 0,17 0,6 0,5 16/12 2,14 36,53
2000 543,87 1 0,17 0,6 0,5 16/12 1,52 35,46
2001 375,73 1 0,17 0,6 0,5 16/12 1,64 23,91
2002 381,58 1 0,17 0,6 0,5 16/12 2,24 23,71
2003 360,18 1 0,173 0,6 0,5 16/12 2,26 22,66
2004 366,44 1 0,173 0,6 0,5 16/12 1,68 23,68
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Example LatviaExample Latvia
• Data collection for MSW since 2001• Data from Regional Environmental Boards for years
1989-1990 and from the project Municipal Solid Waste Management Strategy for Latvia 1998-2010 (1997) on landfills were used
• 60% of the population in Latvia are provided with waste management services.
• Increase in solid household waste amounts • Waste separate collection and waste recycling
increased • CH4 recovery from landfills is in progress. In 2003
started with first landfill
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Experiences from Germany IExperiences from Germany I
Special situation because of reunificationFormer GDR: Waste generation• Very different waste composition• Waste generation per capita was much lower (190
kg/capita, year) because less products, less packages, refill systems, and effective collection systems for food waste, packages and plastics, paper driven by scarcity of resources
• 1990 year of reunification: very high amounts of MSW landfilled because of replacement of many goods and first opportunity to buy many products. At the same time breakdown of previous collection systems
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Experiences from Germany IIExperiences from Germany II
Household waste composition former GDR: • Household waste only 16% of total MSW disposed on landfills • High share of ashes and minerals in MSW and in landfill
disposals
Food/Organics 27.6%
Paper 14.3%
Textiles 3%
Plastics 3.6%
Glass/ minerals 12.6%
Fine waste 33.4%
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Experiences from Germany IIIExperiences from Germany III
Special situation because of reunificationFormer GDR: Landfills• Large number of unmanaged and uncontrolled landfills. A large
number of landfills closed, remaining landfills converted to controlled and managed landfills (change in Methane Correction Factor MCF over the time series)
• No compaction or very low compaction• At the beginning of disposal on landfills aerob decomposition,
not anaerob rapid decay without high CH4 emissions.• Slow growth of landfills before 1990• Landfills were more comparable with recent inert landfills
where wastes from MBT, composting and incineration are disposed (low share of rapidly degradable fractions)
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Experiences from Germany IVExperiences from Germany IV
Data situation• Data for old and new federal states available from
statistical office for 1990 and 1993 separately• PHD study on landfill types, waste composition in landfills,
landfill management and other relevant parameters for GDR covering mid80s
• Many assumptions still have to be taken to extrapolate backwards to 1950
• Such long time series are not available in any country, methods used by countries that performed Tier 2 FOD approach can also be used by those countries where this is still outstanding
• Expert meeting as a way to get to a better expert judgement on key assumptions.
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CHCH44 recovery recovery
• Emission estimation highly sensitive regarding the amounts of CH4 recovered and flared or used for energy purposes.
• Monitored data of CH4 recovery and use is required by IPCC GPG, however not available in all countries.
• Data can be gathered directly from landfill operators with CH4 recovery. Easier in smaller countries with a limited number of controlled landfills with CH4 recovery.
• No default data available, estimation of recovery has to be based on national experiences and expert judgement.
• Assumptions taken during the meeting could be verified with landfill operators after the meeting.
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Future data situationFuture data situation
In the future significant improvements in data availability can be expected with the implementation of:
– Regulation on waste statistics • Statistic on generation of waste• Recovery and disposal of waste • Import/exports of waste• Categories requested are close to fractions needed in
IPCC Guidelines (paper and cardboard, plastics, textiles, animal waste and food waste etc.)
• Quality reports for each characteristic required• Indication of completeness and coverage• First reports are due in 2006
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Future data situationFuture data situation
In the future significant improvements in data availability can be expected with the implementation of:
– Landfill directive • the operator of a landfill is requested to carry out a
control and monitoring programme during the operational phase
• frequency to be determined by the competent authority (at least once a year)
• the operator shall report, on the basis of aggregated data, all monitoring results to the competent authorities for the purpose of demonstrating compliance with permit conditions and increasing the knowledge on waste behaviour in the landfills;
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Future data situationFuture data situation
• Better data will become available on waste composition and CH4 recovery
• Estimation can be adapted in future years
