Climate Classification NOTES.notebook

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February 23, 2016

Feb 4­2:16 PM

Climate Classification

Feb 4­2:16 PM

ClimaticEmpiric Classification Systems

Empirical Data: Information gained by __________________,

___________________, or _____________________

Climatic empiric classification system:

__________________ through the ______________

____________ of climate on a _____________.

observationexperience experiment

Classification observedeffects region

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Köppen Classification System

Based on the ___________________ of ____________________

__________________ found in a ______________ is

very closely related to its ____________________ and

_________________ characteristics

distribution vegetation

Vegatation region

moisturetemperature

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Köppen Classification System

Eventually, incorporated ______________________ and

_____________________ data into the scheme.

temperatureprecipitation

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Köppen Classification System

Uses a set of ______________ symbols:

A = ______________________

B = ______________________

C = ______________________

D = ______________________

E = ______________________

H = ______________________

letterTropicalArid/semiaridSubtropicalTemperatePolarHighland

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Vegetation Biomes

Biome (aka “ecosystem”): a region characterized by

distinctive ____________ and _____________ species

maintained by prevailing _____________ conditions.

plant animalclimate

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February 23, 2016

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Vegetation Biomes

Factors affecting the type of vegetation present in a region:

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

Moisture availabilityRadiant energyType of soil

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Vegetation Biomes

Rain Forests

_______________ abundant for a large ___________

of the year.

_______________ locations of the world.

Moisture majority

Limited

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Vegetation Biomes

Rain Forests

Most of the vegetation is located in a _______________

____________.

Understory consists of ______________ ground cover

with only ____________ tolerant species.

continuouscanopy

sparse

shade

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Rain Forest

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Rain Forest

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February 23, 2016

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Rain Forest

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Vegetation Biomes

Seasonal Forests

_______________ of the world’s forests.

Dry season long enough to allow ________________

_______________.

Majority

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Vegetation Biomes

Seasonal Forests

_______________ of the world’s forests.

Dry season long enough to allow ________________

_______________.

Majorityseasonal

changes

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Vegetation Biomes

Seasonal Forests

Less rain results in a _________ ____________

canopy.

Allows more ____________________

to reach the ground; therefore, more

______________ in plant life.

less dense

sunlight

diversity

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Vegetation Biomes

Seasonal Forests

Thickest forests, called _____________, are

considered seasonal forests.

jungles

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February 23, 2016

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Jungle

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Vegetation Biomes

Seasonal Forests

Variety of tree types

Evergreen : Leaves ________ year.

Deciduous: Leaves that ___________ at the end of a growing season.

Semideciduous: Trees that only lose ________

of their foliage or for very

___________ periods.

all

shed

some

short

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Evergreens

Feb 4­2:16 PM

Evergreens

cyprus

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Deciduous

Oak

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Deciduous

Maple

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February 23, 2016

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SemideciduousElm

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Vegetation Biomes

Deserts

_____________________________ plant cover.

______________ vegetation cover.

DiscontinuousLimited

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Vegetation Biomes

Grasslands

Found on ______ continents (except ________________ )

Grasses and shrubs are dominant.

Grasses can reach ____ m (~ _____ feet) inheight in more humid areas

Very few remain (most burned off or ____________ up)

all Antarctica

3 10

plowed

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Grasslands

Feb 4­2:16 PM

Vegetation Biomes

Grasslands

Tropical grasslands are called ______________________

Scattered clumps of drought­resistant ___________

Frequent ____________ require tolerant vegetation that can recover quickly.

savannastrees

fires

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Savanna Grassland

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February 23, 2016

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Vegetation Biomes

Taiga

Great _________________ forests

_________________ evergreens dominant

Dense ______________ results in very little understory

Ground cover is normally a __________ layer

of ______________.

northern

Needled

shadethick

needles

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Taiga

Feb 4­2:16 PM

Vegetation Biomes

Tundra

____________ Ocean coastline and ___________

altitude mountains

____________ grasses and ____________ woody plants

_______________ summer season

Arctic high

Short dwarf

Short

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Tundra

Feb 23­7:54 AM Feb 23­7:55 AM

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Feb 23­7:58 AM Feb 23­8:01 AM

These climates have an average temperature above 10 °C (50 °F) in their warmest months, and a coldest month average below −3 °C (24 0F). These usually occur in the interiors of continents and on their upper east coasts, normally north of 40°N. In the Southern Hemisphere, group D climates are extremely rare due to the smaller land masses in the middle latitudes and the almost complete absence of land at 40–60°S, existing only in some highland locations.