climate dynamics starts with the sun nasa image from wallace and hobbs r = 6.96x10 8 m t=5780k...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Climate Dynamics Starts with the Sun NASA Image From Wallace and Hobbs r = 6.96x10 8 m T=5780K Photosphere Sunspots Faculae Figure 1.1](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f035503460f94c1746d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Climate Dynamics Starts with the Sun
NASA ImageFrom Wallace and Hobbs
r = 6.96x108 m
T=5780K
Photosphere Sunspots
Faculae
Figure 1.1
![Page 2: Climate Dynamics Starts with the Sun NASA Image From Wallace and Hobbs r = 6.96x10 8 m T=5780K Photosphere Sunspots Faculae Figure 1.1](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f035503460f94c1746d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Integration of Intensity over a Hemisphere to Get Net Downward Energy Flux Density in W/m2.
1 m2 area
We want Watts per m2.
Figure 1.2
![Page 3: Climate Dynamics Starts with the Sun NASA Image From Wallace and Hobbs r = 6.96x10 8 m T=5780K Photosphere Sunspots Faculae Figure 1.1](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f035503460f94c1746d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Sun and Earth Blackbody Spectra, Trace Gas Absorption Lines
From Wallace and Hobbs
From Wallace and Hobbs Figure 1.3
![Page 4: Climate Dynamics Starts with the Sun NASA Image From Wallace and Hobbs r = 6.96x10 8 m T=5780K Photosphere Sunspots Faculae Figure 1.1](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f035503460f94c1746d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Climate Dynamics Starts with the Sun
NASA ImageFrom Wallace and Hobbs
r = 6.96x108 m
T=5780K
Photosphere Sunspots
Faculae
Figure 1.4
![Page 5: Climate Dynamics Starts with the Sun NASA Image From Wallace and Hobbs r = 6.96x10 8 m T=5780K Photosphere Sunspots Faculae Figure 1.1](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f035503460f94c1746d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Earth’s Orbit is Elliptical
Figure 1.5
![Page 6: Climate Dynamics Starts with the Sun NASA Image From Wallace and Hobbs r = 6.96x10 8 m T=5780K Photosphere Sunspots Faculae Figure 1.1](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f035503460f94c1746d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Measurement of the Solar Constant from Satellite is Difficult
Figure 1.6
Improved Instrument More Scattering,Higher IrradianceMeasured
Kopp and Lean (2010)
![Page 7: Climate Dynamics Starts with the Sun NASA Image From Wallace and Hobbs r = 6.96x10 8 m T=5780K Photosphere Sunspots Faculae Figure 1.1](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f035503460f94c1746d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Recent Solar Constant Measurements from the SORCE Experiment
Figure 1.7 Courtesy of Greg Kopp (LASP)
![Page 8: Climate Dynamics Starts with the Sun NASA Image From Wallace and Hobbs r = 6.96x10 8 m T=5780K Photosphere Sunspots Faculae Figure 1.1](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f035503460f94c1746d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Climate Dynamics Starts with the Sun
NASA ImageFrom Wallace and Hobbs
r = 6.96x108 m
T=5780K
Photosphere Sunspots
Faculae
Figure 1.8
![Page 9: Climate Dynamics Starts with the Sun NASA Image From Wallace and Hobbs r = 6.96x10 8 m T=5780K Photosphere Sunspots Faculae Figure 1.1](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f035503460f94c1746d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
11-Year Sunspot Cycle Indicates Variations in Solar Luminosity
Percent Area of Photosphere Covered by Sunspots
Fraction Area of Entire Photosphere Covered by Sunspots
Yellow>1%
Figure 1.9
![Page 10: Climate Dynamics Starts with the Sun NASA Image From Wallace and Hobbs r = 6.96x10 8 m T=5780K Photosphere Sunspots Faculae Figure 1.1](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f035503460f94c1746d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Direct Measurements of Solar “Constant”
IPCC 2013
SatelliteRetrievals
Figure 1.10
![Page 11: Climate Dynamics Starts with the Sun NASA Image From Wallace and Hobbs r = 6.96x10 8 m T=5780K Photosphere Sunspots Faculae Figure 1.1](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f035503460f94c1746d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Solar “Constant” Reconstructions Suggest Stronger Longer-Term Variations
IPCC 2007Figure 1.11
![Page 12: Climate Dynamics Starts with the Sun NASA Image From Wallace and Hobbs r = 6.96x10 8 m T=5780K Photosphere Sunspots Faculae Figure 1.1](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f035503460f94c1746d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
IPCC 2013 Figure 1.12
Solar Forcing Since 1750 is Relatively Small Compared to Other External
Perturbations to the Climate System. *Volcanic Ignored.
![Page 13: Climate Dynamics Starts with the Sun NASA Image From Wallace and Hobbs r = 6.96x10 8 m T=5780K Photosphere Sunspots Faculae Figure 1.1](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f035503460f94c1746d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)