climatology [autosaved]
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OOTACAMUND
CLIMATIC ZONE : Cold and cloudy
LATITUDE :11 o24 N
LONGITUDE : 76o
44 E ALTITUDE :2249m above mean sea level
ANNUAL MEAN MAX. TEMPERATURE:19.5 oCANNUAL MEAN MINIMUM TEMPERATURE:9.1 oC
ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURE:14.3o
CANNUAL RANGE OF MEAN TEMPERATURE:7.5 oCANNUAL GLOBAL SOLAR RADIATION:2724 kWh/m 2
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The geography of Ooty is unique owing to its location nestledamidst the district of the Nilgiris Mountain range.
The Blue Mountains spreads across the three Indian States;Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
The Nilgiris Hills form a part of a larger chain of mountains
known as the Western Ghats which are famous for their scenicbeauty.
Situated within the State of Tamil Nadu, the Nilgiris District isflanked to the North by the District of Mysore situated inKarnataka and the District of Wayanad situated in Kerala.
The Nilgiris District comprises of three sections; Ooty orOotacamund, Coonoor and Kotagiri.
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Ooty is home to soft slopes and dense forests dotted with Sholatrees with numerous orange groves, tea garden estates and coffeeplantations.
The Doddabetta Peak forms the highest point of the WesternGhats perched at a height of 2,623 meters above sea level.
Ooty houses the headquarters of the Nilgiris District that spansover a lush green area of 2,452.50 Square Kilometres.
The topography of Ooty is marked by steep and rolling hills.
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Topographical map of Ooty
1.Ooty is basically a hilly region,situated at 2249mts above meansea level
2.It lies in the western Ghats3.The topography of Ooty is marked
by steep and rolling hills
4. There are various clear streams and lakesrunning through the area5.Approx 16% of these hill are cultivated6.Due to its topography landslides are acommon occurrence
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Architecture of Ooty
popular for its varied kind of architecture. Many houses schools, colleges, hospitals built byEnglishmen during their reign.
Since very old, historically important.
fertile high altitude terrain for tea plantation. One of the most attractive factors is quaint buildings. exquisite bungalows, mansions and cottages built in
European architectural style.
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Stone House
Architectural style : European
the first bungalow constructed in Ooty.
It was built by John Sullivan and was calledKal Bangala by the tribal (Kal means stone in Tamil).
Today, it is the official residence of the Principal of
the Government Arts College, Ooty.
The tree in front of the bungalow is famouslyknown as the Sullivan's oak.
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BOTANICAL GARDEN
laid out in 1847, over 55 acres
The cork tree a 20 million year old fossilizedtree
Italian-style garden bordering aclear pool
vast variety of flowering
bushes and plants in myriadhues (exotic and ornamental),fern house with a vast range offerns and orchids, are some ofthe many highlights of thisgarden .
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St. Stephen's ChurchA Gothic structure.
It was founded in the 1820s
Ooty's first colonial structures.
The wood used in the church was procuredfrom Tipu Sultans palace at Srirangapatnam
Fernhill Palace is the erstwhile summerresidence of the Maharaja of Mysore.Its carved wooden bargeboards and
ornamental cast iron make the palaceresemble a Swiss Chalet.The palace grounds accentuate the alpinelook of the place with its manicured gardens,firs and cedars.There is also an interesting church like indoor
badminton court
St. Stephen's ChurchA Gothic structure.
It was founded in the 1820s
Ooty's first colonial structures.
The wood used in the church was procuredfrom Tipu Sultans palace at Srirangapatnam
Fernhill Palace is the erstwhile summerresidence of the Maharaja of Mysore.Its carved wooden bargeboards and
ornamental cast iron make the palaceresemble a Swiss Chalet.The palace grounds accentuate the alpinelook of the place with its manicured gardens,firs and cedars.There is also an interesting church like indoor
badminton court
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Ooty
Ootacamund (officially, Udhagamandalamsometimes abbreviated to Udhagai or Ooty, is atown, a municipality and the district capital of theNilgiris district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
This beautiful hill station of South India is called the Queen of Hills. Situated in thelap of Nilgiri hills, Ooty enjoys pleasant weather throughout the year. All the seasonsin Ooty bring different shades and add to its beauty. Spring season is the time whenOoty is completely colorful with innumerable flowers, spread on the hills and thevalley.
Country India
State Tamil NaduDistrict The NilgirisPrecipitation 1,237 millimeters (48.7 in)Avg. annual temperature 20 C (68 F)Elevation 2,249 m (7,350 ft)
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Winter
Winter months in Ooty are really coldand chilly.
Mercury further dipping to a low of4 C.
The spell of winter season lasts fromOctober to February.
The entire hill town is enveloped infog, which gives it a mesmerizingfeel.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Doddabetta.jpg -
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Monsoons
The monsoons at Nilgiri hillsbring a new life to theplantations at Ooty.
During the rainy season Ooty is fullycovered with lush greenGrasslands.
Enjoying a drizzle or a heavy spell of rainis something which has a uniqueCharm.
From early May till
September Ooty goes through a monsoonseason.
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Recordlow C
(F) 2
(28) 2
(36) 5
(41) 8
(46) 9
(48) 8
(46) 9
(48) 8
(46) 7
(45) 6
(43) 3
(37) 0
(32) 2
(28)
Precipitation
mm(inches)
20.5
(0.807) 10.2
(0.402) 25.8
(1.016) 75.4
(2.969) 147.5
(5.807) 136.7
(5.382) 181.1(7.13)
123.7(4.87)
134.9(5.311)
189.2(7.449)
139.9(5.508)
52.8(2.079)
1,237.7
(48.728)
Rainfall data
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67 67
61
71
76
8891 91
8886
82
72
66
60
56
68
75
85
89 88
85 85
80
71
50
55
60
6570
75
80
85
90
95
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
R e l a t i v e H u m i d i t y i n %
Month
Relative Humidity Variation
Morning Evening
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0.9 0.91.2 1.1 1.2
2.8 3.0
2.5
1.8
0.9 0.8
1.4
00.20.40.60.8
11.21.41.61.8
22.22.42.62.83
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
W i n d S p e e d ( m / s )
Wind Speed Variation with direction
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2320
24
15
10
3
12
6
8
12
18
15
1213
4
21
0 01
2
5
11
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N o . O f C l e a r a n c e
Month
No. Of Clearance
Morning Evening
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198
204
237242
252
243
252 250
230
224
192 192190195200205210215220
225230235240245250255
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
S o l a r R a d i a t i o n
G l o b a l ( k W h / m 2 )
Month
Solar Radiation
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AVERAGE TEMPERATURE VARIATION
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The humidity averages ninety percent.
Mean monthly humidity also ranges
from 70 per cent in December to 94percent in July.
Ooty has a daytime humidity of 83%
Humidity depends on various climaticfactors:
1. It depends on the temperature, rainfall,altitude vegetation etc...
2. The higher the altitude, more is thehumidity.
Similarly it is observed that the effect ofthe humidity is not the same due to thelower temperatures
h bl
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Mahoney tables The Mahoney tables are a set of referencetables used in architecture, used as a guide toclimate-appropriate design.
They are named after architect CarlMahoney along with O.H. Koenigsberger.
The Mahoney Tables proposed a climateanalysis sequence that starts with the basic andwidely available monthly climatic data oftemperature, humidity and rainfall .
The tables use readily available climate dataand simple calculations to give design guidelines,in a manner similar to a spreadsheet, as opposed
to detailed thermal analysis or simulation.
There are six tables; four are used for enteringclimatic data, for comparison with therequirements for thermal comfort; and two forreading off appropriate design criteria.
C. Mahoney
O.H. Koenigsberger
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1. Air Temperatures. The max, min, and mean temperatures for each month areentered into this table.
LOCATION Ootacamund
LONGITUDE 76 44' E
LATITUDE 11 24' N
ALTITUDE 2249 m above mean sea level
Air Temperature in C
J F M A M J J A S O N D High AMT
Monthly mean max. 20 21 22 22 22 18 16 17 18 19 19 20 22 20
Monthly mean min. 5 6 8 10 11 11 11 11 10 10 8 6 5 9
Monthly mean range 13 14 15 16 17 15 14 14 14 15 14 13 Low AMR
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2. Humidity, Precipitation, and Wind. The max, min, and mean figures for each monthare entered into this table, and the conditions for each month classified into a humiditygroup.
Relative Humidity : %
Monthly mean max. a.m. 67 67 61 71 76 88 91 91 88 86 82 72
Monthly mean min. p.m 66 60 56 68 75 85 89 88 85 85 80 71
Average 66.5 63.5 58.5 69.5 75.5 86.7 90.0 89.5 86.5 85.5 81.0 71.5Humidity group 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Humidity group: 1 If average RH: Below 30%
2 30-50%3 50-70%
4 Above 70%
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Diagnosis: C J F M A M J J A S O N D
Monthly mean max. 20 21 22 22 22 18 16 17 18 19 19 20 20 AMT
Day comfort: upper 28 29 29 29 27 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
lower 21 23 23 23 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Monthly mean min. 5 6 8 10 11 11 11 11 10 10 8 6
Night comfort: upper 26 26 26 26 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
lower 19 19 19 19 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
Thermal stress: day C C C C 0 C C C C C C 0
night C C C C C C C C C C C C
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4. Indicators (of humid or arid conditions). Rules are provided for combining thestress (table 3) and humidity groups (table 2) to check a box classifying the humidityand aridity for each month. For each of six possible indicators, the number of
months where that indicator was checked are added up, giving a yearly total.
Indicators
Humod: H1 Totals
H2
H3
Arid: A1
A2
A3
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3. AIR MOVEMENT-No air movement required.4. OPENINGS-Medium openings,20-40%
5. WALLS-Heavy external and internal walls.
6. ROOFS- Light, insulated roofs.
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7. OUT-DOOR SLEEPINGS-Not required , as too cold during night.
8. RAIN PROTECTION-Not necessary, as climate is cold and cloudy through outthe year.
9. SIZE OF OPENINGS-Medium: 25-40%
10. POSITION OF OPENINGS-As above, openings also in internal walls.11. PROTECTION OF OPENINGS-Not required.12. WALLS AND FLOORS-Heavy, over 8h time-lag.13. ROOFS-Light, well insulated.14. EXTERNAL FEATURES-Adequate rainwater drainage.
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PRESENTED BY:
Group 4 RAKSHA SHREE JAYA SINGH KRITHIKA MANYA CHANDU SHALEEN KARTHIK KRISHNA NAMRATA SUJEER NIKHIL V RAVI VARMA PRAVEEN
NEHA BANGERA POOJITHA
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Thank you