Clinical features of Clinical features of neural tube defects neural tube defects

EmbryologyEmbryology

*Neural Groove dorsal *Neural Groove dorsal aspect of the embryo3-4 waspect of the embryo3-4 w

*Neural Tube *Neural Tube

Interference with cranial Interference with cranial closure (anencephaly or closure (anencephaly or encephalocel encephalocel

Failure of caudal closure leads to Failure of caudal closure leads to meningeocele or meningeocele or

meningeomyelocelmeningeomyelocel

Risk factors Risk factors Prenatal influence ,including Prenatal influence ,including familial factors, are paramount in familial factors, are paramount in each abnormality, especially in each abnormality, especially in the latter Microcephaly may be the latter Microcephaly may be caused by irradiation or exposure caused by irradiation or exposure to toxins, while megalencephaly to toxins, while megalencephaly may be associated with may be associated with neurofibromatosis ,achondroplasneurofibromatosis ,achondroplasia or cerebral gigantism. Familialia or cerebral gigantism. Familial

Classification of spinal Classification of spinal dysraphism ( spina bifida)dysraphism ( spina bifida)

• Opened SBOpened SB

• OCCULT SBOCCULT SB

Opened SBOpened SB

Classification of spinal Classification of spinal dysraphism ( spina bifida)dysraphism ( spina bifida)

• Opened SBOpened SB

• OCCULT SBOCCULT SB

OCCULT SBOCCULT SB(TETHERED CORD )(TETHERED CORD )

DERMAL SINUS DERMAL SINUS

LIPOMA OF THE CORD LIPOMA OF THE CORD

DIASTEMATOMYELIA DIASTEMATOMYELIA

THICHENED FILUM TERMINAL THICHENED FILUM TERMINAL

OCCULT SBOCCULT SB(TETHERED CORD )(TETHERED CORD )

DERMAL SINUS DERMAL SINUS

LIPOMA OF THE CORD LIPOMA OF THE CORD

DIASTEMATOMYELIA DIASTEMATOMYELIA

THICHENED FILUM TERMINAL THICHENED FILUM TERMINAL

OCCULT SBOCCULT SB(TETHERED CORD )(TETHERED CORD )

DERMAL SINUS DERMAL SINUS

LIPOMA OF THE CORD LIPOMA OF THE CORD

DIASTEMATOMYELIA DIASTEMATOMYELIA

THICHENED FILUM TERMINAL THICHENED FILUM TERMINAL

OCCULT SBOCCULT SB(TETHERED CORD )(TETHERED CORD )

DERMAL SINUS DERMAL SINUS

LIPOMA OF THE CORD LIPOMA OF THE CORD

DIASTEMATOMYELIA DIASTEMATOMYELIA

THICHENED FILUM TERMINAL THICHENED FILUM TERMINAL

CLINICAL FEATURES CLINICAL FEATURES WEAKNES WEAKNES

SPHINCTERIC DISTURBANCE SPHINCTERIC DISTURBANCE

PAIN IN THE BACKPAIN IN THE BACK

SCOLIOSIS SCOLIOSIS

SENSORY DEFICITS SENSORY DEFICITS

CUTANOUS SIGNES CUTANOUS SIGNES