clinical manifestations of renal diseases st
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Clinical Manifestations of Renal Diseases
Lecture 37
Define the terms: Azotemia, Uremia, Acute Renal Failure, Chronic Renal Failure
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Azotemia
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Types1.Prerenal Azotemia2.Primary Renal Azotemia3.Postrenal Azotemia
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GFR
BUN & Creatinine
15
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1. Prerenal azotemia
The BUN:Cr in prerenal azotemia is greater than
20.
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2. Renal azotemia
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3. Postrenal azotemia
The BUN:Cr in postrenal azotemia is >15.
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Signs and symptoms (prerenal azotemia)
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Treatment
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Uremia
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Clinical features
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Causes• Renal failure, • Increased production of urea in the liver• Decreased elimination of urea• Dehydration• Chronic infection of the kidney
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Acute Renal Failure
ARF or AKI is a rapid loss of kidney function.
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Causes• Low blood volume • Substances harmful to the kidney, • Obstruction of the urinary tract.
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Complications• Metabolic acidosis,• High potassium levels,• Uremia, • Changes in body fluid balance, .
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Diagnosis• AKI is diagnosed on the basis of characteristic
laboratory findings, such as • Elevated blood urea nitrogen • Creatinine, • Inability of the kidneys to produce sufficient
amounts of urine.
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Management• Supportive care, such as renal
replacement therapy, • as well as treatment of the underlying
disorder.
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Signs and symptoms
Fatigue,Loss of appetite,Headache, Nausea vomiting.
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• Pain in the flanks may be encountered in thrombosis of the renal blood vessels or inflammation of the kidney; this is the result of stretching of the fibrous tissue capsule surrounding the kidney.
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Causes
•Prerenal, • Intrinsic, •Postrenal.
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Diagnosis
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Chronic Renal FailureChronic renal failure, or chronic kidney disease
(CKD), is
a slow and progressive decline of kidney function.
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Causes of Chronic Renal Failure
Diabetes mellitusBlood pressure IgA nephropathy
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Signs of chronic renal failure
1. Increased urination, especially at night2. Decreased urination3. Blood in the urine (not a common symptom of
chronic renal failure)4. Urine that is cloudy or tea-colored
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THANKS
Takht Bhai KPK Pakistan