PHILIPPINES Mining or Food?PHILIPPINES - Mining or Food?

Mining’s Impact on EconomyMining’s Impact on Economy and Ecology

CLIVE WICKS FCMIConservation and DevelopmentConservation and Development

Consultant

2nd March 2012

This talk is dedicated to the memory of Fr Fausto “Pops” Tentorio, PIME

17 October 2011

Councilor Armin R MarinCouncilor Armin R. Marin, October 3, 2007

andand many other

Environmental Martyrs including 11 working with us in 5 years

CONGRATULATEPresident Aquino III ON

REVIEWING MINING

EO NUMBER 23AND ON PROPOSALS FORAND ON PROPOSALS FOR

TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUATIONVITAL TO

PROTECT NATURAL CAPITAL

DR ROBERT GOODLANDCLIVE WICKSCLIVE WICKS

WE HAVE NEARLY 100 YEARS OFEXPERIENCE OF AGRICULTURE,

ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTALOG SPROGRAMMES

WE ARE IN FAVOUR OFWE ARE IN FAVOUR OFRESPONSIBLE MINING

WGMP formed in 2007 after 2006 field trip of Clare Short MP to the Philippines to raise issues with London Investment Institutions

WORKING

GROUP

ON ON

MINING

IrelandIN THE

PHILIPPINES

Members of WGMP: Cathal Doyle, Irish Centre for Human Rights ; Miles Litvinoff, ECCR; Frank Nally SSC, Columbans; Geoff Nettleton, PipLinks; Rachel Parry, USPG; Ellen Teague, Vocation for Justice, Columbans; Clive Montgomery-Wicks, IUCN-CEESP ; Andy Whitmore, PipLinks; Observer groups; Consultant – Robert Goodland. Chair 2006-2010, Hon. Clare Short MP.

IUCN CEESPSEAPRISE

SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTABILITY OF PRIVATE SECTOR

106 MEMBERSMINING OIL GAS AND BIOFUELSMINING, OIL, GAS AND BIOFUELSHELP GOVERNMENTS AND NGOS

MURMANSKG8 MEETING PRAGUE 2000G8 MEETING PRAGUE 2000

EIRDR. R. GOODLAND

NEW GUINEARIO TINTO

PHILIPPINESPHILIPPINESUNEP REPORTS ON TAILINGS DAMS

INDUCED SEISMIC ACTIVITY

THREE GORGES DAM IN CHINA

INDONESIA GAS DRILLING CAUSEDTOXIC MUD FLOW

S O O SIN SIDOARJO, EASTERN JAVA

HYDRO FRACTURING CAUSED SEISMICHYDRO FRACTURING CAUSED SEISMIC ACTIVITY IN BLACKPOOL (UK)

Extent of Forest Cover Loss in the last 100 years

Less than 6% of original forests remains Source: Environmental Science for Social Change, 1999

Earthquake Potential

RING OF FIRERING OF FIREMOUNTAINS

+LOSS OF FOREST COVER

+CLIMATE CHANGE

SENDONGHIGH RAINFALL/TYPHOONS

+SEISMIC ACTIVITY/ FAULT LINES

+OPEN CAST MINING

+INDUCED SESIMIC ACTIVITY

=CUMULATIVE RISKS MAKE MINING INCUMULATIVE RISKS MAKE MINING IN

PHILIPPINE VERY HAZARDOUS

A i lt l T tAgricultural Targets

• Make Philippines self sufficient in riceMake Philippines self sufficient in rice by 2013 agreed with President

• Feed an estimated population of 130• Feed an estimated population of 130 million by 2030

Threat from climate changeThreat from climate changeThreat to water catchments from

i i d f d imining and forest destruction. Threat of biofuel production taking over agricultural land.

DENR

CONFLICTING FUNCTIONS

PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENTPROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTE MINING AND LOGGINGPROMOTE MINING AND LOGGING PROGRAMMES

WE DON’T KNOW ANY OTHER COUNTRY THAT DOES THIS

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (SEA)ASSESSMENT (SEA)

BENEFITS OF SEA INCLUDE:TO SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTO IMPROVE THE EVIDENCE BASE FOR

STRATEGIC DECISIONSSTRATEGIC DECISIONSTO FACILITATE AND RESPOND TO

CONSULTATION WITH STAKEHOLDERSTO STREAMLINE OTHER PROCESSED SUCH ASTO STREAMLINE OTHER PROCESSED SUCH AS

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS (ESIAs) OF INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

http://WWW.SEA-INFO.NET/CONTENT/OVERVIEW.ASP?PID=94

'I have never seen anything so systematically destructive as the

mining programme in the Philippines.

The environmental effects are catastrophic, as are the effects on

people’s livelihoods‘ Cl Sh tClare Short

.

2007 Report of the fact-finding mission to the Philippines toinvestigate the impacts of large scale mineral extraction oninvestigate the impacts of large-scale mineral extraction oncommunities, human rights and the environment. Themission delegation included former UK InternationalDevelopment Secretary Clare Short MP and ECCR Boardmember Fr Frank Nally of the Society of St Columban.

Published 2007 Published 2009

http://www.eccr.org.uk/dcs/MininginthePhilippines-ConcernsandConflicts.pdf

Message from Clare Short former British Minister for International Development (Dfid)

This second report Philippines: Mining or Food? highlightsthe threat that mining poses to food security. Once self-sufficient in rice, the Philippines is now the world’s biggest, pp ggimporter and, with world rice prices tripling in 2008, it hashad to pay record prices. In a country where two-thirds ofthe population live on only $2 a day, this means that moreFilipino families are being forced into poverty.

The problem is rooted in the failure of the PhilippineG t t i t i th h lth f it i lt l tGovernment to maintain the health of its agricultural sectorand to conserve vital natural resources, such as tropicalforests and water, which contribute to national rice output.

The loss of watersheds, for example, has a direct impact onthe water supply for irrigation that is so vital for rice farmers.

Yet, the Government seems to regard forests purely as asource of timber and as potential areas for mining.

Midsalip Case – Home Of The Subaanan and Endangered Philippine Eagle

• 70% of Filipino’s depend on Agriculture and Fishing for survival

• The Midsalip farmland is currently well irrigated on rich volcanic soil with terracedirrigated on rich volcanic soil with terraced productive rice fields.

• The proposal is to destroy, the sacred Mt. Sugarloaf/Pinukis mountain, through open cast mining and deposit the mine waste, soil & (tailings) in the rice fieldssoil & (tailings) in the rice fields.

• People have made legal complaints and now are pursuing a Writ of Kalikasan

TAMPAKANA Ri k f EA Risk for Ever

SMI -waste engineers state on page 42 of their Appendix to the ESIA April 2011

“The mine has a high potential for loss of life and high environmental damage if a failure of the dams or waste rock storage facility occurs”.

The International reviewers agree. However, we totally disagree that the mining company can guarantee to design facilities to avoid a disaster in perpetuityavoid a disaster in perpetuity.

Tampakan Mine Project p j

– Relates to all mining activities and mine facilities withinfacilities within proposed mine tenement boundaryy

– Off-site infrastructure will be subject to separate regulatory approvalsapprovals

Tampakan Mine Project – Risks • Mine will damage forests in water catchments, water supplies including

shallow aquifers, agricultural lands, fish ponds, Lake Buluan, marine resources and increase risk of flooding

• The storage of 2 7 Billion tons of toxic mine rock waste and tailings and• The storage of 2.7 Billion tons of toxic mine rock waste and tailings and a mine void 800 meter deep with thousands of gallons of toxic water in the water catchment of 6 rivers and the source of most of them is far too great a risk

• The Mal river will be the river worst affected. The headwaters will be very badly damaged. Tailings dam is just above the (NIA) irrigation dam.

• High risk of acid drainage from waste rock and tailings which also contain high levels of arsenic.

• Cancer - Toxic copper mine waste is associated with high levels of cancer to communities nearby. (page 115 of Philippines Mining or Food? )S i i ti it U t bl ith Hi h S i i ti it ith f lt• Seismic activity - Unstable area with High Seismic activity with many fault lines some crossing other faults

• Induced Seismic activity - High risk of Induced Seismic activity caused by open caste miningopen caste mining.

• Conflict Zone 4 Militant groups against ICMM and EIR recommendations

Tampakan Mine Project – Risks contd.• Human rights - Mining will damage the human rights particularly those of its indigenous people but also many other stakeholders.

• Damage to Sustainability - Mining will undermine current sustainable development/agricultural and ecotourism plans

• Laws - Provincial Governments are right to pass anti- open caste mining• Laws - Provincial Governments are right to pass anti- open caste mining laws to protect their ability to produce and secure food production through protecting biodiversity for current and future generations

• Governments by law have to keep all forests intact to protect their people from climate change. Rainfall in Central Mindanao is expected to decrease by 20% within 20 years.

• Moratoriums - All mining companies should respect the Moratoriums in place and cease all activities.

SEA If h ll d th P i h ld ll f i d d t• SEAs - If challenged, then Provinces should call for an independent Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)

Existing Land Use

Site Geology

Mal River Catchment

Confirm location oflocation of NIA Irrigation weir

Project Layout – Year 10

3D Layout (Year 20) -TSF and FWD

Is it responsible to:

Responsible mining-Chamber of minesIs it responsible to:•Fail to consult the Secretary of the Department of Agriculture who is responsible for agricultural andAgriculture who is responsible for agricultural and fisheries production including irrigation schemes likely to be affected by the mine.e y to be a ected by t e e•Risk damaging the Philippines Government plans to make the country self sufficient in rice by 2013 and y yfeed a population of 130 million by 2030. •Fail to accept that open cast mining, especially under the current climatic an seismic conditions very dangerous•Ask the government to allow them exemption from environmental laws eg Watercatchments, forests

•Fail to respect the Climate Change Commission view that no further forests should be destroyed in S th C t b t th f t i th t th illSouth Cotabato as the forecast is that the area will have 20% less water in 20 years time.•Object to the President’s proposal for Total•Object to the President s proposal for Total Economic Valuation (TEV) as it is done in Canada • Ask the government and people to accept the risk• Ask the government and people to accept the risk and cost of pollution from Mines in perpetuity•Fail to consult all the stakeholders who use theFail to consult all the stakeholders, who use the water resources including all who live along the rivers and lakes.

Small scale miners are the problem ?

• No the biggest problems are caused by large scale miners who damage water catchments agricultureminers who damage water catchments, agriculture and leave toxic materials, toxic water behind in perpetuity and damage sacred mountains.perpetuity and damage sacred mountains.•The Philippines gains virtually nothing financially from large scale miners and is left with clean up g pcosts for ever.•Small scale miners can cause problems particularly p p ywhen they use mercury and illegally use heavy equipment•They need technical help and financial support.•There is a lack of enforcement of laws.

MINING AND FOODRECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS

• 1st TO GOVERNMENT

2nd TO MINING PROPONENTS• 2nd TO MINING PROPONENTS

• 3rd TO DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES

• 4th TO INVESTOR COMMUNITY

• 5th FOR MINING-AFFECTED PEOPLE

Recommendations

• The following are a subset of the recommendations pertaining to indigenous peoples

Survival of and respect for Indigenous Peoplesg p

World BankAdhere to EIR findings

and ensure strict

GOP* & CompaniesHalt Extrajudicial killings, Eliminate

GOPHalt the erosion of

adherence to IFC guidelines EU

Use good offices to NGOs and Govt’s

Ensure the

use of paramilitaries & Tackle corruption

IPRA and FPIC. Support

traditional Indigenous

encourage dialogue &

adherence tolegal

Ensure the provision of

independent adviceEstablish a credible

independentstructures protectionsindependent monitoring body Ensure access to

justice*GOP: Government of the Philippines

GOVERNMENT

• 1.1 Prioritize Food Production & protection of Human Rights:Insist on Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEAs)

• 1.2 Ministries concerned with foodit t ilsecurity must prevail over

mining departments

• 1.3 Extractive Industries Inter Ministerial CoordinationInter Ministerial Coordination Committee plus Civil Society

To Government Depts

• Carry out SEAs before allowing mining• Enforce all Laws\best practise/TEV - No double p

standards• Apply Precautionary Principle• Establish No Go Zones to protect people,

biodiversity and food supplies• No mining in:

1. Agricultural lands, 2. Conflict Zones3. Water catchments, 4. Small islands5. Areas of high seismic activity

Figure 1: Codes of Conduct and Standards Followed by Responsible Mining

EITI: The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative Plus plus.UNDRIP: The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.UNHCR The United Nations High Commission for Human Rights.UNHCR The United Nations High Commission for Human Rights.The Voluntary Principles on Security and Human RightsIRMA: The Initiative for Responsible Mining Assurance.UN Convention Against CorruptionUN Precautionary PrincipleThe Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights.The Equator Principles.The UN Aarhus ConventionThe Extractive Industry Review.Corporate Social Responsibility.The UN Global Compact.The Environmental Liability DirectiveThe Environmental Liability Directive.IPIECA Guidance Document on Sustainable Social Investment.The ECOWAS Directive on the Harmonization of Guiding Principles and Policies in the Mining Sector.UN ILO Convention 169: Core Labor Standards.The International Convention on Economic, Social and Civil Rights.The International Convention on Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination.Convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide.Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human RightsThe OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises.The Akwé: Kon Guidelines

KEY ISSUES

• MINING AND FOOD SECURITY AND LACK OF INTER-DEPT COORDINATION

• RESPONSIBLE MINING PLANS/ NONE SEEN

• ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTED AREAS: RIVERS, AQUIFERS FORESTS MARINEAQUIFERS, FORESTS, MARINE

• TAQMPAKAN: POTENTIALLY ONE OF THE• TAQMPAKAN: POTENTIALLY ONE OF THE MOST DANGEROUS MINES IN THE WORLD

• CUMULATIVE RISKS AND IMPACTS -SEAs