close-up and macro photography - a primer - book one

7/31/2019 Close-Up and Macro Photography - A Primer - book one

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@aipk&{s ndj Fn`ri Sliziernsl}

@aipk&[s ndj Fn`riSliziernsl}N Srmfkr

Zk|z ndj Slizip b} Fm`lnka Krakumdk

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Naa dnz{rk slizip znokd b} Fm`lnka Krakumdk!

2335&23>> Fm`lnka Krakumdk

@iwkr! zk|z! girfnz! ndj ernslm` jkpmed b}Fm`lnka Krakumdk

Jkjm`nzmid

Zlmp biio mp jkjm`nzkj zi f} gnzlkr

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Fn} zlkpk biiop bk ig bkdkz zi naa slizie&rnslkrp ndj dnz{rk aiwkrp! ndj fn} kwkr}&idk k|skrmkd`k nuk! bkn{z}! ndj mdpzr{`zmidgrif zlk dnz{rna uiraj zlnz M lnwk$

Lknrz @kdzkr S{bam`nzmidp0>; Fnrmid Nwkd{kBme Rnsmjp! Fm`lmend :=035

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3/1370


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3>= Zlk Akdp Mp zlk ZlmdeZlk ^{kpz gir Jkszl ig GmkajUkb PmzkpJmggrn`zmid Gknrp@ipmdn ndj Xkmpp

323 Zlk Zlrkk Umpk Akdp&fkdBhrd RrpakzzZlif LiendAai}j @lnfbkrpUkb Pmzkp8 DmoidEknr$ìf

32> K|zkdpmidp! @aipk&{s Jmiszkrp! Zkakìdwkrzkrp@aipk&{s Njnszirp ndj JmiszkrpK|zkdpmid Z{bkpZkakìdwkrzkrp

32: N``kppirmkp ndj Izlkr Zism`pAkdp Liijp

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P`rku Jrmwkrp HMP

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302 Zlk Umdj mp Di Grmkdj zi Fn`ri UiroAmelz ZkdzpAmelz Zkdzp md zlk GmkajAmelz Jmgg{pkrp

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305 Njjmzmidna @idpmjkrnzmidpSan}mde Umzl PznòpMdlkrkdza} Ganukj

Nd Nrz! Diz n P`mkd`k305 Gi`{p Pznòmde SribakfpZlk Bnj GrnfkZii Fnd} GrnfkpFmdmfna GrnfkpR{d Mz NenmdJidz Girekz zlk Zrnjmzmidna SliziPlirz Pznòp gir Fn`ri! Diz Fm`riAndjp`nskp@aipk&{s! Fn`ri! ndj Fm`riDiz gir Fm`ri UiroAiiomde @aipk

30= Gnr mp Diu DknrBkn{z} Bkekzp Bkn{z}Sndip

Ulnz ji naa zlkpk slizip fknd9Ekz I{z Zlkrk.

3:3 Md zlk GmkajUlnzp md zlk Fn`ri Gmkaj Bne9Ulkrk Nrk F} Akdpkp9Ulnzp md f} @nr9Rndek RiwmdeUmdjkskdjkdzZlk Gaiukrsij@aipk&[s Sliziernsl}Skkrmde Zlri{el n Gmdk Fn`ri Akdp

3:2 SndirnfnpPmdeak ndj F{azm&riu SndipSndirnfn SribakfpP{ffnr}Zrmsijp gir Pznòmde ndj SndirnfnpK|nfsak ig Pznòp grif @aipk&{s Akdpkp@ifbmdmde Gi`{p Pznòmde umzl SndirnfnpNd Nssrin`l zi Fn`ri Andjp`nskpUmjk Ndeak Akdpkp ndj SndirnfnpZi Pznò ir Diz zi Pznò Sndirnfnp

3;3 Gi`{p PznòmdeZui Z}skp ig Gi`{p PznòmdeZlk K~{msfkdz DkkjkjZlk N`z{na Zk`ldm~{kPigzunrk zi Named ndj FkrekGi`{p Pznòmde Rkp{azpN Sippmbak Zlkir}Gi`{p Pznòmde Nskrz{rkp

Pznòmde Mpp{kpBnòeri{dj Zii F{`l md Gi`{p9


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3;0 Zrmsijp gir Fn`ri [pkF} K|skrmkd`kAmelzukmelz ZrmsijpPzrkdezlZlrkk ir Gi{r Ake Pk`zmidp9@kdzkr @ia{fdp[pmde Zrmsijp md zlk GmkajRkk`zmidp@nrr}mde Zrmsijp[pmde Zrmsijp

Okks Mz ZmelzZrmsijp M [pk3;; Gmelzmde zlk Umdj ndj zlk Amelz3;; Rkzi{`lmde Pznòkj Slizip

Zlk Bnpm` MjknRkzi{`lmdeUlnz Jikp Rkzi{`lmde Mdwiawk9Firk id Rkzi{`lmde

37: Gi`{p Pznòmde PigzunrkP{ffnr}

37: Snzmkd`k ndj K|kr`mpk37; Gi`{p Pznòmde Dizkp

Zmfk @idp{fmdePsn`k K|skdpmwkNd Nssrin`l

MfsrkppmidpI{zjiirpK~{msfkdz gir Gi`{p PznòmdeFn`ri Akdpkp

377 AmelzAmelz ndj Plnjiu

375 Pfnaa Omz@nrr}mde Mz NaaLiu Aide zlk Pliiz9Pigzunrk ]i{ Umaa DkkjGi`{p Pznòmde Jkzrn`zirpMd`rkfkdzpZrmsijBnaa LknjpA&BrnòkzEiz`ln.Gi{dj Bkn{z}Diz Nrz

37= Amelz [pkpZlk Omdjp ig AmelzRkk`zirpGanplamelzpGaiukrsij$@amspOdkk SnjpRnmd Srizk`zmidUnzkr ndj Giij@aizlkp ndj Giizuknr@iair Psn`kp

35> Fn`ri Sliziernsl}Np K|kr`mpkK~{msfkdz8 Ulnz Ji Uk Dkkj9JPAR ndj Fkjm{f Girfnz @nfkrnpZlk @nfkrn Bij}

352 F} Gi`{p Pznòmde R{akp ig zlk Rinj,>- Gmrpz Amelz,2- @iaj,0- Ei Paiu,:- Gi{dj Slizip,;- Brknzlk,;- Amelz,7- @rmzzkrp,5- Ernzkg{adkpp,


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Wimezandjkr >2;ff g)2$; Fn`ri NSI&Andzlnr

Ukaìfk k&biio Rknjkrp.

F} dnfk mp Fm`lnka Krakumdk$ Fn`ri ndj àipk&{ssliziernsl} nrk zlmdep M rknaa} aiwk zi ji$ M lnwk bkkdsliziernslmde pmd`k >=;7 b{z lnwk di mdzkrkpz md bkmden srigkppmidna sliziernslkr bk`n{pk zlnz mp n lnrj un}zi fnok n amwmde! kpsk`mnaa} np n dnz{rk sliziernslkr$

Zlmp mp nd k&biio! idk ig fnd} zlnz M lnwk `rknzkj np nun} zi plnrk mdgirfnzmid id p{bhk`zp M `nrk nbi{z$ Mz mpgrkk ndj }i{ nrk ukaìfk zi plnrk mz umzl nd}idk }i{umpl sriwmjkj zlkrk mp di gkk `lnrekj gir mz$Mz mp diz np dmplkj np M ui{aj amok mz zi bk ndj np mzui{aj lnwk zi bk mg mz ukrk eimde zi bk srmdzkj b{zsrmdzmde g{aa&ìair sliziernsl} biiop zlkpk jn}p mpsrkzz} f{`l lmpzir}$ Ulnz zlmp biio jikp ìdznmd mp nuknazl ig mdgirfnzmid ig naa omdjp nbi{z àipk&{s ndjfn`ri sliziernsl}! zlk k~{msfkdz! zlk zk`ldm~{kp! ndjulnz fizmwnzkp pifkidk amok fk zi kdhi} mz id n rke{anrbnpmp$ Napi mdà{jkj mp zlk zk`ldm~{k ig gi`{p pznòmdendj fnzkrmna id rknzmde fmdm&sndirnfnp$

Zlk biio mp diz jkpmedkj zi bk rknj grif gridz zibnò? mzp diz zlnz omdj ig biio$ M lnwk mdà{jkj njkznmakj znbak ig ìdzkdzp pi zlnz }i{ `nd dj zlknrknp zlnz fipz mdzkrkpz }i{ ndj h{fs zi zlkf$ Mg }i{lnwk ~{kpzmidp! M umaa zr} zi ndpukr zlkf ndj M `nd bkrkn`lkj b} kfnma nz Fm`lnkaCkrakumdk$dkz$

M nsiaiemxk md njwnd`k gir nd} z}sip ir fmppskaamdep$ Muiro n g{aa&zmfk hib ndj ji sliziernsl} ndj urmzmde np M`nd$ M lisk }i{ dj zlmp fnzkrmna {pkg{a$

Fm`lnka KrakumdkI`zibkr 25! 23>>

S$P$ Jidz girekz zi `lkò i{z Biio Zui md zlmp pkrmkpulm`l ìdznmdp zlk dmzz{} ermzz} id :2 àipk&{s ndjfn`ri akdpkp md erknz jkznma! umzl psk`p! slizip ig zlkakdpkp! ndj slizip zlri{el zlk akdpkp$

Md zlk dk|z gku snekp }i{ umaa dj pifk slizipmaa{pzrnzmde zlk fnhir z}skp ig dknr sliziernsl}$

Z}skp ig Dknr Sliziernsl}

Zlkrk mp amzzak firk zlnd ekdkrna nerkkfkdz nbi{z ulnzuk `naa zlk wnrmi{p z}skp ig dknr&gi`{p sliziernsl}b{z mz mp mfsirzndz zi nz aknpz lnwk n ekdkrna mjknig ulnz uk nrk znaomde nbi{z ulkd uk ei àipk zisliziernsl$

Fmdm&Andjp`nskp

Ulkd M ei dknrkr zlnd ulnz uk ì{aj `naa ekdkrna

andjp`nsk sliziernsl} M zkrf pfnaa andjp`nskp fmdm&andjp`nskp ir dnz{rna jmirnfnp$ Gir fk zlmp fkndpM undz zi mdà{jk firk ig zlk ìdzk|z ir p{rri{djmdepsn`k zi ulnzkwkr f} p{bhk`z mp! amok n eri{s ig sandzpir n plnj} eakd! zlnz mjkn n pfnaa eri{s pliz$

@aipk&{s

Zlmp h{pz fkndp àipk {s ndj plirz ig zlk g{aafn`ri >8> sliziernsl}$ Zlmp fnokp {s fipz igzlk sliziernsl} M ji! pifkzlmde brinjkr zlnz >8>sliziernsl}$

Fn`ri

Fn`ri ekdkrnaa} fkndp nd} slizi zlnz mp >8> irerknzkr$ >8> pznzkp zlnz zlk mfnek id zlk pkdpir mp

zlk pnfk pmxk np zlk amwk mfnek$ Mg mz mp k~{na zi zlnzir anrekr! mz mp n fn`ri$ Liukwkr zi fipz skisak zijn}fn`ri ndj àipk&{s sliziernsl} nrk zlk pnfk zlmde$

Slizifm`ripìs}

Zlk uirj fn`ri ekdkrnaa} jkdkp zlmp `nzkeir}bk`n{pk fn`ri rkgkrp zi nd}zlmde erknzkr zlnd >8>$Liukwkr! M rkpkrwk zlmp jkp`rmszmid zi pz{jmi uiro jidkid n rnma umzl fn`ri akdpkp$ Dizlmde fiwkp ndj amwkzlmdep nrk {p{naa} jknj$

Fm`risliziernsl}

Lkrk uk nrk jkdmzka} md zlk pz{jmi! skrlnsp idnd n{zifnzkj gi`{pmde rnma! n fm`ripìsk pznek!ndj {pmde n fm`ripìsk ir nz aknpz f{azmsak akdpkp

liiokj idk zi ndizlkr$ Grif f} simdz ig wmku zlmpmp mdzkrkpzmde b{z firk àmdm`na ir p`mkdzm` zlnz M nfmdzkrkpzkj md$


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Slizi Z}skp8 Fmdm&Andjp`nskp

M zkrf zlmp omdj ig slizi n fmdmandjp`nsk bk`n{pk mz mp diz n`z{naa}zlnz `aipk {s ndj `krznmda} diz nfn`ri pliz$ Zlkpk amzzak jmirnfnp mddnz{rk gnp`mdnzk fk umzl zlkmr pmfsakbkn{z}$


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Slizi Z}skp8 @aipk&{s ir Fn`ri

Zlmp jmpznd`k mp srkzz} z}sm`na igfnd} ig f} plizp! md snrzm`{anr mg Mnf sliziernslmde amwk `rmzzkrp$ Zlmp mpsribnba} zk`ldm`naa} n fn`ri pliz b{znp fkdzmidkj kapkulkrk zlk uirjp`aipk&{s ndj fn`ri nrk diu srkzz}f{`l {pkj zi fknd zlk pnfk zlmde8

`aipk$Ulkzlkr zlk pliz mp akpp zlnd irerknzkr zlnd >8> jikp diz fnzzkr zifk$ Zlmp snrzm`{anr pliz unp znokdumzl zlk @ipmdn)Wimezandjkr >2;ffg)2$; NSI&Andzlnr akdp ulm`ldnz{rnaa} eikp zi >8>$


8/1372;ff g)2$; NSI&Andzlnr akdp$ Zlmp mpknra} firdmde amelz np }i{ `nd pkk di baiud&i{z nrknpulkrk n rn} ig pzrnmelz p{damelz rkn`lkp zlk bkk$ Girfk zlmp mp zlk bkpz zmfk zi sliziernsl! bkgirk zlk p{dbrknop zlri{el zlk `ai{jp ir! mg mz narknj} lnp! zlkd mdpifk plnj} nrkn


9/137


10/137>3


Slizi Z}skp8 Fm`risliziernsl}

Fm`risliziernsl} mp! np zlk uirj p{eekpz! {azrn&àipk&{s! np md zlk {pk ig n fm`ripìsk ir pifkzlmde àipkzi mz$ Zlmp z}sk ig sliziernsl} mp {p{naa} ìddkj zi zlkpz{jmi umzl zlk `nfkrn)akdp fi{dzkj id n wkr} dka}&ernj{nzkj gi`{pmde rnma! pz{jmi amelzp! ndj ,mg zlk mz mpn `rmzzkr- n jknj `rmzzkr$ Kwkr}zlmde lnp zi bk h{pz rmelzumzl di umdj ir fiwkfkdz ig nd} omdj$

Zlmp pnfk mfnek np {pkj id zlk srkwmi{p snek ig zlklknj ig zlk Anrek ]kaaiu [djkrumde fizl unp znokdb} Rmo Amzzakkaj! zlk n{zlir ig Xkrkdk Pznòkr gi`{p&pznòmde pigzunrk mp :3| amgk pm|k pamelza} `risskj zib} nbi{z ; ff umjk! ndj ìdpmpzp ig >53 grnfkp iran}krp nz 3$33> ff$ Zlmp unp znokd umzl nd n{zifnzkjgi`{pmde rnma$

Uk nrk md zlk rknaf ig p`mkdzm` rkpknr`l MFI ulkd uk

ekz zlmp àipk$


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Mdzrij{`zmid zi @aipk&{s ndj Fn`ri Sliziernsl}

Fn`ri ndj àipk&{s sliziernsl} naaiu fk zi ekz i{zpmjk mddnz{rk ndj n`z{naa} unao nri{dj$ M nf idk ig zlipk skisakuli pskdj zii f{`l zmfk mdjiirp b{z pzmaa lnwk zi lnwk nrknpid! pifk fmppmid! zi pmfsa} ei i{zpmjk ulkrk mz mp dm`k$Sliziernsl} mp f} rknpid ndj àipk&{s ndj fn`ri uiro mpf} snppmid ndj zmòkz zi zlk i{zjiirp$

M odiu zlkrk nrk sribnba} l{djrkjp ig fn`ri biiop i{zzlkrk! pi ul} ndizlkr9 Gir idk! zlk srm`k mp rmelz ndj zlkrkmp di rknpid }i{ lnwk zi fnok naa zlk pnfk fmpznokp M jmj$@idpmjkr zlmp h{pz pifk grmkdja} njwm`k ndj mdgirfnzmid naaenzlkrkj md idk san`k$ Ndj zlk girfnz fn} bk n amzzak ri{elb{z! lk}! M uiro n g{aa&zmfk hib amok fnd} ig }i{ ndj h{pz jizlmp md f} psnrk zmfk ulm`l mp8 ulkd M `nd$ M lnwk di mdzkrkpzmd bkmde n srigkppmidna sliziernslkr$ Zlkrk mp nbi{z xkrifidk} md zlnz zlkpk jn}p$ M h{pz lnsskd zi aiwk dnz{rk ndjaiiomde nz mz zlri{el dk akdpkp$

Zlkpk zui k&biio srmfkrp nrk mdzkdjkj gir zlipk ig }i{ umzlnd mdzkrkpz md àipk&{s ndj fn`ri sliziernsl}! zlipk ig }i{uli nrk h{pz ekzzmde pznrzkj ndj fn} lnwk ~{kpzmidp$ Zlksrmfkr mp jmwmjkj mdzi zui snrzp! zlmp rpz snrz mp n ekdkrnamdzrij{`zmid zi àipk&{s ndj fn`ri sliziernsl} mdà{jmdek~{msfkdz! zk`ldm~{k! ndj fizmwnzmid! ulmak zlk pkìdj snrz,n pksnrnzk k&biio- ìdznmdp psk`m`nzmidp ndj slizip id

àipk&{s fn`ri akdpkp ìffida} {pkj umzl Dmoid p}pzkfp$Zlkpk biiop nrk grkk ndj `nd bk jiudainjkj nz8

lzzs8))fn`ripzis$ìf)

Fmdmf{f K~{msfkdz Rk~{mrkfkdzp

Ulkd }i{ nrk aiiomde gir n `nfkrn bij} gir àipk&{s ndjfn`ri uiro! ulnz nrk zlk fmdmf{f gknz{rkp }i{ dkkj ndjul}9 Bizl Dmoid ndj @ndid fnok dk `nfkrnp$ M nf nDmoid aiwkr ndj sri{j ig mz! pi }i{ @ndid gndp umaa lnwk zizrndpanzk pifk ig f} rkfnrop zi }i{r brndj$ Ndj n aiz igzlmp mdgirfnzmid mp diz nbi{z brndjp! b{z nbi{z sliziernsl}$Pi ulnz nrk zlk rk~{mrkfkdzp gir pkak`zmde n `nfkrn bij}$Lkrk nrk ulnz M aiio gir8

H{fsmde zi zlk `lnpk! zlkrk mp idk rkanzmwka} mdk|skdpmwk

Dmoid zlnz jikp nafipz kwkr}zlmde }i{ dkkj gir eiij àipk&{s dnz{rk sliziernsl}$ Mz mp zlk Dmoid J5333 ulm`l pkaapgir nbi{z *>>33$ Zlk J5333 lnp rkanzmwka} eiij MPI akwkap!erknz fkensm|kap! mdzkr`lndeknbak akdpkp! n Jkszl&ig&GmkajSrkwmku b{zzid! ndj zlk nbmamz} zi snro zlk Fmrrir&[s ulkdznomde slizip! naa zlmdep zlnz }i{ dkkj$ Mz napi lnp zlk nbmamz}zi rk zlk `nfkrn rkfizka}$

Ig ì{rpk M ui{aj srkgkr nd G\ ,g{aa&grnfk- `nfkrn amok zlkJ533 ulm`l unp ndj mp idk ig zlk bkpz bnrenmdp M lnwk kwkrpkkd gir jimde zlmp omdj ig uiro$ Skrpidnaa} M {pk zlk DmoidJ0p gir fipz ig f} uiro ndj ,ulkd M nf diz bkmde anx}bk`n{pk ig zlk md`rknpkj ak pmxk- zlk J0|$ Akzp jmp`{ppzlk wnrmi{p gknz{rkp uk fmelz undz md pkak`zmde n `nfkrn mdfirk jkznma$

Fkensm|kap8 Liu Fnd}9

MFI }i{ umaa undz nz aknpz >2 fkensm|kap ,fs|- ndj skrlnspfirk! amok >7 fs| ir >< fs| && nd}zlmde pfnaakr zlnd zlnzndj M gkka zlk smd`l$ M bkamkwk zlnz >< fs| fmelz bk skrgk`zgir f} uiro! b{z >7 fs| umaa ji$

Nd}zlmde anrekr zlnd zlnz umaa erknza} paiu jiud f} pigzunrkmg M nf pznòmde slizip$ M odiu zlnz zlmp mp plkkr anxmdkppid f} snrz b{z sri`kppmde zmfk jikp lnwk pifk kggk`z idf} nbmamz} zi snzmkdza} unmz gir rkp{azp$ Md izlkr uirjp! f}snzmkd`k lnp amfmzp ndj 2: fs| ir lmelkr akp znok n aidezmfk$

Napi liu anrek n ak ji M dkkj zi s{bampl id zlk ukb9 Mdkwkr srmdz i{z slizip. Zlk ndpukr mp8 pkajif firk zlnd

>32: sm|kap id zlk aide pmjk! pi l{ek akp jidz ekz }i{f{`l {dakpp }i{ nrk jimde sndka ndj bmaabinrj&pmxkj

slizip$ Nz aknpz zlnz mp f} rnzmidnamxnzmid gir {pmde fmj&pmxkjakp ndj fmj&akwka fkensm|kap rnzlkr zlnd 2: fs| ir lmelkr$Dmoid mp r{firkj zi bk uiromde id n 07 fs| `nfkrn$

J\ ir G\ Pkdpir9

Dmoid fnokp zui pmxkp ig pkdpirp gir mzp anrekr JPARp! J\ndj G\! pi ulnzp zlk jmggkrkd`k9 Zlk G\ mp ulnz mp `naakjn g{aa&grnfk pkdpir! zlk pnfk pmxk np zrnjmzmidna 0;fffiwmk ir PAR af! ulmak zlk J\ pkdpir mp pfnaakr$ Zlk J\pkdpir mp 2:|>7ff! ri{ela} zui&zlmrjp zlk pmxk ig n grnfkgrif nd iaj 0;ff fiwmk af ,07|2:ff-$ N J\ `nfkrnumaa lnwk n `ris gn`zir ig >$;| rkanzmwk zi 0;ff af! ulm`lfkndp zlnz n J\ pkdpir mfnek umaa b} nbi{z ;3+ anrekrzlnd zlk 0;ff zrnjmzmidna af$

Ndj G\ ,g{aa&grnfk- pkdpirp nrk zlk pmxk ig nd n`z{na 0;fffiwmk grnfk! 07|2:ff ndj nbi{z zum`k zlk pmxk ig zlk J\pkdpir$ Pi ulm`l ji M dkkj ndj ul}9

Nazli{el zlkrk nrk njwndznekp ndj jmpnjwndznekp zi bizlJ\ ndj G\! fipz ig {p ui{aj srkgkr zi lnwk G\ pkdpirpiwkr J\ gir pkwkrna rknpidp! nazli{el bizl uiro dk girpifk s{rsipkp$ Lkrk nrk pifk rknpidp8

MPI Dimpk8 Ulnz @nd Uk Amwk Umzl9

Zlk G\ pkdpir! bkmde sl}pm`naa} anrekr! naaiup n anrekrmdjmwmj{na sm|ka pmxk ndj zlkrkgirk akpp dimpk$ G\ mp firkpkdpmzmwk zi ìair MFI ndj napi plnrskr$ G\ pkdpirp napilnwk n anrekr j}dnfm` rndek zlnd J\ ndj p{ggkr akpp grifakdp jmggrn`zmid zi n erknzkr k|zkdz$ Ndj anpz! zlk pfnaakrwmkudjkrp id J\ `nfkrnp fknd zlk} nrk diz ~{mzk npbrmelz np umzl G\$ Np n fn`ri pliizkr! M dkkj n brmelzwmkudjkr zlnz akzp md aizp ig amelz$

Md njjmzmid G\ mp ìfsnzmbak umzl J\ `nfkrnp! b{z diz wm`kwkrpn$ Md izlkr uirjp! }i{ `nd {pk naa }i{r G\ akdpkp idzlk pfnaakr J\ pkdpirp! b{z diz zlk izlkr un} nri{dj$ Okksmd fmdj zlnz nd} akdp uk {pk id n J\ `nfkrn umaa bk ;3+aidekr md rkn`l ,ff- zlnd mg mz mp {pkj id nd G\ `nfkrn$ Girk|nfsak! san`k n >33ff akdp id n J\ bij} ndj zlnz akdplnp n rkn`l ig >$;| ,>;3ff- ndj pi id$ Pifk J\ {pkrpamok zlmp bk`n{pk n 233ff zkakslizi akdp mp p{jjkda} n

033f akdp$ J\ akdpkp nrk napi akpp k|skdpmwk! akpp lknw}!ndj pi id$

Zlnz bkmde pnmj! zlk pfnrz fidk} giaop nrk b{}mde G\akdpkp bk`n{pk zlk} uiro id bizl pkdpir z}skp NDJ zlk}nrk n lkjek nenmdpz zlk g{z{rk ulkd ,mz mp bkamkwkj- firkndj firk `nfkrnp umaa bk G\ ,g{aa pmxkj grnfkp- ir kwkdanrekr$ Gir fk zlk jmggkrkd`k md dimpk ndj ìair bkzukkd J\ndj G\ `nfkrnp mp jrnfnzm` kdi{el gir fk zi srkgkr G\nafipz kwkr} zmfk$ Zlk J5333! ulm`l mp n J\ `nfkrn! mp ndmd`rkjmbak fn`lmdk nz nd {dbkamkwnbak srm`k! ndj M iud idk$B{z M {pk f} J0p ,G\- nafipz naa zlk zmfk$

Fmrrir [s

Ulkd uk aiio zlri{el zlk wmkudjkr ig idk ig zlk bkzzkr

JPARp! uk nrk aiiomde zlri{el n srmpf nz zlk wmkudjkrakwka zlnz rkk`zp zlk p{bhk`z mfnek grif n fmrrir nz zlkakwka ig zlk akdp mzpkag$ Zlnz fmrrir pzndjp jmrk`za} md gridzig zlk pkdpir! zlk pnfk san`k zlnz af {pkj zi bk md zlkiaj jn}p$ Ukaa! md irjkr zi znok n slizi! zlnz fmrrir lnp zibk fiwkj i{z ig zlk un} ndj nz amelzdmde pskkj$ JPAR`nfkrnp ji zlmp b{z ulkd zlk fmrrir mp rnmpkj {s ,fmrrir{s- mz `ndz lkas b{z pans zlk zis ig zlk `nfkrn pkdjmde nwmbrnzmid rkpidnzmde zlri{el zlk `nfkrn bij}$ Gir fipzuiro zlmp wmbrnzmid mp diz n bme sribakf! b{z gir wkr} k|n`zuiro umzl aidekr pl{zzkr zmfkp ir n aidekr akdp md fn`rifijk! mz znokp zmfk gir zlk wmbrnzmid ekdkrnzkj b} zlk fmrrirpans zi jmppmsnzk$

Zlmp mp ul} zlk bkzzkr JPAR `nfkrnp lnwk ulnz mp `naakj

n Fmrrir [s gknz{rk zlnz naaiup }i{ zi srkpp n b{zzid ndjlnwk zlk fmrrir pans {s ndj rkpidnzk! b{z diz znok zlk


12/137>2


slizi$ Srkppmde zlk b{zzid n pkìdj zmfk! ngzkr unmzmde girzlk wmbrnzmid zi jmk jiud! n`z{naa} znokp zlk slizi$ Mz mp nzui&pzks sri`kpp$ Diz naa `nfkrnp lnwk zlmp! b{z mg }i{ nrk nfn`ri pliizkr! }i{ dkkj zi lnwk mz$ M {pk mz gir nafipz kwkr}slizi M znok$

@aipk&{s! fn`ri! ndj kpsk`mnaa} gi`{p pznòmde rk~{mrk zlnzzlk `nfkrn diz wmbrnzk ir plnok$ Zlk anrek JPARp grif@ndid ndj Dmoid naa lnwk zi ekz zlk fmrrir i{z ig zlk un}ig zlk wmkudjkr ulkd n slizi mp znokd ndj zlk pans ig zlkfmrrir panffmde {s mp kdi{el zi `n{pk wmbrnzmidp zlnz nggk`z

zlk ~{namz} ig zlk slizi kpsk`mnaa} nz aide pl{zzkr pskkjp$Zi rksknz8 zlmp mp ul} fipz lmel&kdj `nfkrn bijmkp lnwkulnz mp `naakj n fmrrir {s fijk ulm`l naaiup }i{ zi àmòzlk pl{zzkr zum`k! id`k zi fiwk zlk fmrrir {s ndj i{z ig zlkun}! ndj zlk pkìdj zmfk zi n`z{naa} znok zlk slizi! ngzkrulm`l zlk fmrrir pansp bnò jiud! b{z zii anzk zi nggk`z zlkslizi b} `n{pmde wmbrnzmidp$ Zlk bizzif amdk mp zlnz }i{ undzzi ekz n `nfkrn bij} zlnz naaiup }i{ zi snro zlk fmrrir {sbkgirk kn`l pliz$ Mg }i{r `nfkrn jikp diz lnwk zlmp gknz{rk!}i{ nrk nz n jmpnjwndznek$ Aiio gir zlmp gknz{rk zi bksrkpkdz bkgirk }i{ b{} n `nfkrn$

Mdzkr`lndeknbak Akdpkp

Gir àipk&{s ndj fn`ri uiro M dkkj n``kpp zi n wnrmkz} igakdpkp jkskdjmde id zlk uiro M nf jimde$ Nazli{el M fipzigzkd {pk n fn`ri akdp! pifk p`kdkp `naa gir n umjk&ndeakakdp! ndj izlkrp gir n zkakslizi ir h{pz n pzndjnrj ;3ffakdp$ Mg }i{r `nfkrn lnp n pmdeak |kj akdp! }i{ nrk pz{ò

umzl zlnz$ Fipz |kj akdpkp ji diz lnwk n fn`ri fijk irmg zlk} ji mz mp diz rknaa} wkr} eiij$ Ndj ulmak n |kj akdpfn} uiro! zlk} ji diz emwk }i{ kdi{el k|mbmamz} gir zlkbkpz uiro$ Pi }i{ undz n `nfkrn umzl mdzkr`lndeknbakakdpkp$ Zlk pnj snrz mp zlnz @ndid ndj Dmoid akdpkp nrk dizmdzkr`lndeknbak umzl idk ndizlkr! pi zlmp mp ul} uk lnwkzlk @ndid {pkrp id idk pmjk ndj zlk Dmoid {pkrp id zlkizlkr$

Jkszl ig Gmkaj Srkwmku B{zzid ,{sskr b{zzid-

Akdpkp lnwk n jmnslrnef zlnz `nd bk pkz grif umjk iskd,akzp md zlk fipz amelz- naa zlk un} jiud zi mzp fmdmf{fnskrz{rk ,akzp md zlk aknpz amelz-$ Ulkd mz mp umjk iskd zlkakdp naaiup aizp ig amelz zi aa zlk wmkudjkr ndj }i{ `nd pkk}i{r p{bhk`zp$ Np }i{ àipk zlk jmnslrnef jiud zi lmelkr)pfnaakr nskrz{rkp! zlkrk mp akpp ndj akpp amelz zi pkk md zlkwmkudjkr$ Zlmp mp ul} fipz akdpkp n{zifnzm`naa} naaiu zlk`nfkrn zi iskd zlk akdp umjk iskd ulkd }i{ nrk gi`{pmdemd zlk wmkudjkr ndj zlkd àipk zlk jmnslrnef jiud zi zlkìrrk`z k|sip{rk nz zlk fifkdz zlk slizi mp znokd$ Zlmp mpnaa mdwmpmbak zi }i{! zlk {pkr$

Naa zlmp mp ukaa ndj eiij {dzma }i{ undz zi ekz pifk mjkn ig

liu f{`l jkszl ig kaj }i{ lnwk b} pzissmde n emwkd akdpjiud zi lmelkr nskrz{rk$ Ukaa! }i{ `ndz ji zlnz bk`n{pk!np M fkdzmidkj nbiwk! zlk `nfkrn n{zifnzm`naa} pkzp zlkakdp umjk iskd ulkd }i{ aiio zlri{el zlk wmkudjkr$Zlmp mp ul} zlk bkzzkr `nfkrnp lnwk nz Jkszl ig Gmkaj,JIG- Srkwmku B{zzid zlnz ulkd srkppkj pkzp zlk akdp zizlk n`z{na nskrz{rk }i{ lnwk `lipkd pi zlnz }i{ `nd pkkk|n`za} zlk JIG }i{ umaa bk ekzzmde md zlnz slizi$ Ndj! npfkdzmidkj! ulkd }i{ aiio zlri{el zlk JIG Srkwmku nzlmel ,akpp amelz- nskrz{rkp! zlk wmku `nd bk wkr} jnro$

Zlk bizzif amdk mp zlnz lnwmde n JIG Srkwmku B{zzid mpwkr} {pkg{a nz zmfkp ndj mp n gknz{rk }i{ pli{aj md~{mrknbi{z ulkd s{r`lnpmde n `nfkrn bij}$ Mz mp diz kppkdzmnagir bkemddkrp b{z mz mp gir k|skrmkd`kj {pkrp$ Jikp zlnz zkaa

}i{ pifkzlmde9


13/137>0


Rkfizk Pl{zzkr Rkaknpk

Ndizlkr gknz{rk zlnz mp n f{pz&lnwk gir àipk&{s ndjfn`ri pliizmde mp zlk nbmamz} gir zlk `nfkrn bij} zi znokn rkfizk ìrj ir zrmeekr! pifk un} zi zrmeekr zlk pl{zzkrrkfizka}$ ]i{ dkkj zlnz! pi jidz s{r`lnpk n `nfkrn giràipk&{s uiro umzli{z mz$ Fipz jk`kdz `nfkrnp lnwk zlmp$

Zi Ganpl ir Diz Ganpl

Ganpl gir pdnsplizp9 ]kp$ Gir fn`ri ndj àipk&{s9 Diz girfk ndj M lnwk zrmkj mz$ M {pkj npl k|zkdpmwka} gir nbi{z n}knr ndj n lnag gir fn`ri sliziernsl} ndj M zli{elz M unpekzzmde pifk eiij pz{gg$ B{z pifk zmfk anzkr ulkd M pznrzkjzi rknaa} aiio nz ulnz M lnj srij{`kj M ì{aj pkk zlnz zlk

knrfnrop ig {pmde npl ukrk naa zlri{el zlk slizip ndjfnjk zlkf {pkakpp zi fk$

Diu M odiu zlnz M dkkj zi ekz bnò mdzi {pmde npl md np{bzakr fnddkr! pi ekdza} zlnz }i{ ui{aj dkwkr odiu zlnznpl unp {pkj$ M lnwk mz id f} ampz! b{z gir diu M nf pi mdzi{pmde dnz{rna amelz zlnz M lnwk }kz zi dj zlk zmfk ulkd Mn`z{naa} fmelz pznrz {pmde npl nenmd$

Idbinrj Ganpl

Pifk Dmoid `nfkrnp! amok zlk J5333! zlk J533! J233!

J>33! ndj izlkrp lnwk npl b{maz&md$ Mz mp zlkrk mg }i{ undzzi {pk mz$ B{z idbinrj npl mp rknaa} diz {pkg{a gir fn`risliziernsl} bk`n{pk mz `ndz bk fiwkj nd}ulkrk b{z ulkrkmz mp$ Mz mp zii jmrk`z ndj md }i{r gn`k$ Idk zlmde }i{ `nd ji mpdj pifk omdj ig ,ir fnok n- jmgg{pkr zlnz umaa pigzkd zlnz amelz$Zlnz lkasp$ Ir }i{ fn} bk nbak zi b{maj pifk bngkp zlnzrkk`zp zlk amelz {sunrj! i{zunrj! ir pmjkumpk zi eiij kggk`z$

K|zkrdna Ganpl ,PB&:33 pliud nbiwk-

K|zkrdna npl mp zlk un} zi ei mg }i{ undz zi mdzkernzk nplmdzi }i{r àipk&{s ndj fn`ri uiro$ Ganpl gir gi`{p pznòmdeui{aj rk~{mrk zlk {dmz zi npl idk zmfk gir kwkr} slizian}kr! pi zlnz fmelz rk~{mrk pifk `nrkg{a fidmzirmde zi okkskwkr}zlmde kwkd$ M lnwk dkwkr zrmkj mz$ M rknaa} nf igg npl ndj

mdzi dnz{rna amelzmde$

[pmde akpp npl mp bkzzkr zlnd firk! pi nazli{el M lnwkn b{d`l ig npl {dmzp! f} zmd} PB&:33 ,C *233- mp wkr}amelzukmelz! {pkp ida} zui NN bnzzkrmkp! ndj emwkp fk firkamelz zlnd M dkkj$ Md gn`z! M lnwk n b{d`l ig jmgg{pkrp zi zidk mzjiud ndj pi id$ M napi lnwk wnrmi{p nrfp ndj izlkr rmep zlnzfi{dz igg zlk zrmsij ndj uiro umzl zlk liz plik id f} `nfkrnzi k|zkdj zlk amelz nun} grif zlk `nfkrn nbiwk ir zi zlk pmjk$

M napi lnwk n ì{sak PB&733p! nd PB&=33! ndj iajkr npl{dmzp$ Pmd`k M jidz rknaa} {pk npl k|`ksz gir pdnsplizp nzsnrzmkp! M jidz lnwk naa zlnz f{`l zi zkaa }i{ k|`ksz M jidzamok zlk kggk`z$ ]i{ fmelz undz zi ekz zlk ànppm` fn`ri biiob} Hild Plnu @aipk&{sp md Dnz{rk! ulm`l ìwkrp nplwkr} zliri{ela} ndj mp sribnba} zlk ànppm` biio id fn`risliziernsl}$ ]i{ pli{aj lnwk n ìs} nz nd} rnzk$

Wmkudjkrp Nrk Nbi{z Amelz

N `nfkrn umzl n brmelz ndj àknr wmkudjkr mp mfsirzndz$Fijkrd JPAR `nfkrnp iggkr wmkudjkrp zlnz nrk anrekr ndjpfnaakr! fkndmde zlnz pifk `nfkrnp pliu fipz ,b{z diz naa-ig zlk p{bhk`z grnfk! ulmak bkzzkr idkp ji pliu naa ig mz$ Mg }i{`nd! ekz n `nfkrn zlnz umaa pliu zlk kdzmrk grnfk$

Kak`zridm` wmkudjkrp nrk pzmaa h{pz bkmde skrgk`zkj pi mz fn}bk zii knra} zi jkskdj id zlkf$ Zlk pnfk eikp gir zlk A@Jsrkwmku p`rkkd id zlk bnò ig zlk `nfkrn$ Zlkpk A@J sndkapulkd {pkj md AmwkWmku `nd bk lkasg{a gir `krznmd omdjp iggi`{pmde ndj gir kdanremde nrknp ig gi`{p b{z gir fipz uirozlk} nrk diz n eiij p{bpzmz{zk gir n anrek ndj àknr wmkudjkr$

G{aa grnfk pkdpirp ,G\- zkdj zi lnwk anrekr wmkudjkrp zlnd


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zlk pfnaakr J\ pkdpirp! pi }i{ fn} ulnz zi okks zlnz mdfmdj$

JO&>5F Fnedmg}mde K}k Smk`k

Fnd} ig zlk anrekr Dmoid JPARp ,J533! J0! J0p! J0|- umaaznok zlk Dmoid JO&>5f fnedmg}mde k}k smk`k$ Zlk} ìpznbi{z *:3 ndj pmfsa} rksan`k zlk irmemdna k}k smk`k$ ZlkJO&>5F iggkrp >$2| fnedm`nzmid ulm`l M dj wkr} lkasg{agir àipk uiro$ M s{z zlkf id naa f} `nfkrnp$

Lmpziernfp8 I{r Amelz Fkzkr

M lnwk bkkd sliziernslmde pmd`k nri{dj >=;7 ulkdf} gnzlkr aindkj fk lmp Oijno Rkzmdn 2N `nfkrn gir np{ffkr zrms$ Ig ì{rpk M unp pliizmde af ndj jnj snmjgir zlnz ndj zlk jkwkaismde$ B{z zlk k|skdpk ig af ndjzlk gn`z zlnz }i{ lnj zi unmz jn}p zi dj i{z mg }i{r slizikwkd `nfk i{z ukrk erknz mdlmbmzirp zi f} sliziernsl}k|skrmfkdznzmid$ Bnò zlkd M {pkj n amelz fkzkr zijkzkrfmdk liu zi pkz f} k|sip{rk b{z kwkd zlnz jkwm`k,ir f} mdkszmz{jk- jmj diz naun}p e{nrndzkk fk n jk`kdzslizi$

Md ekdkrna md zlipk jn}p M ui{ajdz pskdj zlk fidk} ,jmjdzlnwk mz- gir af)jkwkaismde ndj M lnzkj zlk e{kppuiromdwiawkj md lnwmde di mffkjmnzk wmpmbak gkkjbnò grifkn`l pliz M ziio$ Umzl zlk njwkdz ig jmemzna `nfkrnp naa zlnz

`lndekj$

Umzl jmemzna M `nd nggirj zi pliiz np f{`l np M amok ndj zlklmpziernfp id zlk A@J srkwmku p`rkkd emwkp fk mdpzndzgkkjbnò np zi ulkzlkr M nf md ir i{z ig gi`{p! ulkzlkr Mlnwk zii f{`l ir zii amzzak amelz! ndj pi id$ Zlkrk mp idkgknz{rk md zlkpk dku `nfkrnp zlnz mp WKR] mfsirzndz zilnwk ndj zlnz mp wmpmbak lmpziernfp zlnz kwna{nzk k|sip{rk$Zlk REB lmpziernfp nfi{dz zi n 2>pz @kdz{r} wkrpmid igzlk amelz fkzkr! idk b{maz mdzi zlk `nfkrn mzpkag$

[pmde REB lmpziernfp naaiup {p zi zkaa nz n eand`kulkzlkr zlk slizi uk h{pz pliz mp k|sipkj sriskra}gir i{r s{rsipkp ir ulkzlkr mz mp zii jnro ir zii amelz$Lmpziernfp fnok mz àknr ulkzlkr uk lnwk n aiz ig àmssmdeeimde id! ulm`l fkndp uk lnwk aipz slizi mdgirfnzmidzlnz `ndz bk rkzrmkwkj anzkr md Sliziplis ir izlkr sipz&sri`kppmde pigzunrk$ Zlmp mp pifkzlmde uk rknaa} dkkj ziodiu bk`n{pk mg M pskdj nd li{r pliizmde nd mfsirzndzp{bhk`z ida} zi dj i{z anzkr zlnz naa mfnekp ukrk pkwkrka}iwkrk|sipkj! mz mp n lknrzbrknokr mg M `ndz rksknz zlk pliizj{k zi `mr`{fpznd`kp! kz`$

Zlmp mp diz zlk san`k zi k|sanmd liu bkpz zi {pk lmpziernfp$Zlkrk nrk jixkdp ig eiij z{zirmnap id {pmde lmpziernfpid zlk ukb$ H{pz dizk8 ulkd plissmde gir n `nfkrn! ekzidk zlnz jikp pliu }i{ nd REB lmpziernf$ Mjknaa} zlk

lmpziernf ernsl pli{aj lnwk n ìair jmpsan} umzl idkernsl kn`l gir rkj! ba{k! ndj erkkd naa jmpsan}kj id zlkpnfk p`rkkd$ Emwkd zlmp }i{ `nd pkk mdpzndza} mg nd} ig zlkìairp lnwk iwkriukj zi zlk rmelz ulm`l p{eekpzp àmssmdendj zlk aipp ig mfsirzndz sliziernsl mdgirfnzmid$

Dizk zlnz md&`nfkrn lmpziernfp {pk zlk $HSE ndj diz zlkRNU mfnek gir zlkmr `na`{anzmid$ Ulmak zlkrk mp diz {p{naa}zlnz f{`l jmggkrkd`k bkzukkd zlk zui! mz mp pifkzlmde zibk nunrk ig$ Pmd`k M {pk ida} zlk fnd{na sriernf fijkndj jidz {pk n{zifnzm` gi`{p! pl{zzkr! ir nskrz{rk fijkp!M ui{aj bk aipz umzli{z lmpziernfp$ Rknj firk nbi{zlmpziernfp lkrk8

lzzs8))uuu$b}zlif$ìf)lmpziernf$lzf

Zlk Nr`n&Pz}ak ^{mò&Rkaknpk @anfs


15/137>;


Zlk Gi{r @nfkrn Fijkp

Fipz `nfkrnp diunjn}p iggkr }i{ zlk iszmid ig pkwkrnapliizmde fijkp! z}sm`naa}8

Sriernf Fijk

Zlk `nfkrn jikp kwkr}zlmde gir }i{ ndj jk`mjkp ulnz}i{r bkpz pliz mp$ Mz pkzp zlk pl{zzkr pskkj ndj nskrz{rkn{zifnzm`naa}! pi naa uk lnwk zi ji mp simdz! gi`{p! ndjpliiz$ M dkwkr {pk zlmp fijk {dakpp M nf nz n gnfma}enzlkrmde ir snrz} ulkrk naa M undz nrk pdnsplizp$ Zlmpfijk fnokp zii fnd} jk`mpmidp gir fk$

Pl{zzkr Srmirmz} Fijk

]i{ pkz zlk pl{zzkr zi ulnz }i{ dkkj ndj zlk `nfkrn jikpzlk rkpz$ Gir k|nfsak! md psirzp kwkdzp! }i{ dkkj n lmel,gnpz- pl{zzkr pskkj zi `nsz{rk zlk n`zmid! ulmak md pzmaa amgksliziernsl} }i{ `nd {pk n f{`l aiukr pl{zzkr pskkj$Mg zlmdep nrk md fizmid }i{ undz nz aknpz n pl{zzkr pskkjig 2;3 ir lmelkr$ Mg }i{ nrk sliziernslmde pzmaa amgk! njh{pzzlk nskrz{rk zi zlk rmelz nfi{dz ig amelz ndj akz zlk pl{zzkrpskkj gnaa ulkrkwkr mz fn}$

Nskrz{rk Srmirmz} Fijk

Lkrk }i{ pkz zlk nskrz{rk }i{rpkag zi enzlkr firk ir akppamelz ir ji ekz akpp ir erknzkr jkszl ig kaj ndj akz zlk`nfkrn ji zlk rkpz$ Gir k|nfsak8 mg }i{ undz n rnxir zlmdjkszl ig kaj id zlk p{bhk`z umzl kwkr}zlmde kapk bkmde i{zig gi`{p! pkz zlk nskrz{rk np umjk np sippmbak ,g)>$:! g)2$>! g)22 ir lmelkr$

Fnd{na Fijk

Md zlmp fijk zlk sliziernslkr pkzp kwkr}zlmde8 zlk pl{zzkrpskkj! zlk nskrz{rk! ndj zlk gi`{p$ ZLMP mp zlk fijk Mekdkrnaa} {pk ndj rkìffkdj! nazli{el }i{ `nd {pknd} ig zlk nbiwk&fkdzmidkj fijkp umzl zlk k|`kszmidig n{zi&gi`{p$ Pkzzmde nskrz{rk! pl{zzkr pskkj! ndj MPIamfmzp bkìfkp dnz{rna wkr} ~{mòa}$ [pmde fnd{na fijkM jkskdj id wmkumde zlk md&`nfkrn lmpziernf zi pkkulkzlkr nd} ig zlk mfnek mp baiud i{z$

Fnd{na fijk mp n pmfsak sri`kpp ig zrmna ndj krrir$ Znokn slizi ig zlk p{bhk`z ndj aiio nz zlk lmpziernf p`rkkd$Mg zlk lmpziernf lnp baiud lmelamelzp ,zii gnr zi zlk rmelz-

zlkd md`rknpk zlk pl{zzkr pskkj n diz`l ir zui ndj zr}

nenmd$ Mg zlkrk mp diz kdi{el amelz zlkd jk`rknpk zlk pl{zzkrpskkj n bmz ndj okks pliizmde$

Nenmd8 ngzkr kn`l pliz `lkò i{z zlk lmpziernf p`rkkd zipkk mg zlk amelz mp umzlmd bi{djp$ Ulkd mz mp! }i{ lnwk nsliziernsl zlnz }i{ `nd okks$ Md zlmp un} }i{r lmpziernfp`rkkd rksan`kp zlk amelz fkzkr uk lnj zi {pk md zlkjn}p ig af$ [pmde zlmp fkzlij uk jidz dkkj nd} ig zlkpzndjnrj sriernf fijkp$ Gir fn`ri uiro mz mp kppkdzmnandj nazli{el mz umaa znok }i{ n gku jn}p zi bk ìfgirznbakfnomde }i{r iud pkzzmdep! id`k }i{ aknrd mz }i{ umaa dkwkr

ei bnò$

Bkaiu mp zlk Dmoid >3;ff Fn`ri akdp! skrlnsp zlk fipzsis{anr fn`ri akdp ig zlkf naa ndj n piamj uirokr$


16/137>7


Akdpkp Nrk Ulnz M Amok

Ulnzp sliziernsl} naa nbi{z9 Mg M s{z npmjk zlkpsmrmz{na pmjk ig sliziernsl} ,ulm`l ui{aj bk ndizlkrkdzmrk ìdwkrpnzmid- gir fk mz mp naa nbi{z akdpkp ndjig ì{rpk pkkmde zlri{el zlipk akdpkp$ Mdmzmnaa} mz

unp diz zlk sliziernslm` rkp{azp ig zlipk akdpkp zlnzlnj f} mdzkrkpz b{z rnzlkr zlk wkr} àknr! zlk srmpzmdk!pkkmde zlnz dk akdpkp fnok sippmbak$ Ndj ig ì{rpkdk akdpkp nrk amdokj zi dk sliziernslp! b{z zlnzunp dkwkr f} rpz zli{elz$ Zlnz rpz zli{elz unp zlkmd`rkjmbak pkkmde ig zlk fn`ri ir fm`ri uirajp zlnzerknz akdpkp kdnbakj$ Zlnzp ulnz eiz fk$

Ndj ulmak f} snrzm`{anr znok id zlmp fn} bk {d{p{nair kwkd nafipz {dm~{k! M plnrk umzl fnd} ,skrlnspfipz- fn`ri sliziernslkrp n gnp`mdnzmid umzl ~{namz}akdpkp$ Dmoid aiwkrp `naa mz DNP ulm`l pzndjp girDmoid N`~{mpmzmid P}djrifk! ndj n wkr} mdgk`zmi{pjmpknpk mz mp$ Ndj ulmak M aiwk eiij `nfkrnp! zrmsijp!ndj zlk amok! mz mp akdpkp zlnz `nsz{rk f} ìfsakzknzzkdzmid$ Np fkdzmidkj! n`z{naa} mz mp pkkmde zlri{eldk akdpkp zlnz mp nz zlk lknrz ig mz! b{z pkkmde rk~{mrkpakdpkp zi pkk zlri{el! pi zlkrk }i{ lnwk mz$ N amzzak`rnx}9 ]i{ bkz$

Pi ulkd uk jmp`{pp ulnz akdpkp nrk zlk bkpzgir àipk&{s ndj fn`ri uiro! M lnwk wkr} jkdmzkismdmidp$ Naa ig zlk dk jkznmap id akdpkp M lnwk s{z mdzlk pkìdj wia{fk ig zlmp pkrmkp! pi M rkgkr }i{ zi zlnz$Lkrk akzp h{pz znao md n firk ekdkrna un} nbi{z akdpkpzlnz uiro ukaa gir àipk&{s ndj fn`ri sliziernsl}$

Zlkrk nrk fnd} fn`ri akdpkp! zl{p fnd} kdzrnd`kpmdzi àipk&{s ndj fn`ri sliziernsl}$ N eiij srmd`msakfmelz bk {pk zlk fn`ri akdp }i{ lnwk rnzlkr zlnd}knrd ngzkr zlipk }i{ jidz lnwk$ Ig ì{rpk! zlnz mpdiz liu M ji zlmdep$ M lnwk nafipz naa ig zlk fipz ukaa&odiud fn`ri akdpkp b{z kdj {s ida} n`z{naa} {pmde n

wkr} gku$ M umaa zkaa }i{ ulnz zlipk wkr} gku nrk naideumzl f} rknpidp gir {pmde zlkf b{z M unrd zlnz zlmp fn}diz uiro gir }i{$ F} njwm`k9

Aknrd nz aknpz idk fn`ri akdp ukaa bkgirk pznrzmde zisan} nri{dj umzl izlkr akdpkp$ Mg }i{ odiu idk ukaa!zlkd }i{ lnwk pifkzlmde zi ìfsnrk zi$ Izlkrumpk}i{ jidz odiu ulnz mp `n{pmde ulnz ndj fn} dkwkrbk p{rk }i{ odiu ulnz }i{ zlmdo }i{ odiu$ ]i{ dkkjzlk nd`lir ig rkna k|skrmkd`k umzl n pmdeak akdp zi ekzpznrzkj$

Md nd} `npk }i{ umaa lnwk zi pznrz pifkulkrk ndj mdzlk bkemddmde aknrdmde zi {pk zlk akdp }i{ lnwk mp firkmfsirzndz zlnd pumz`lmde akdpkp zi dj zlk skrgk`zidk gir }i{r uiro$ Nafipz nd} jk`kdz fn`ri akdp md zlklndjp ig nd k|skrmkd`kj àipk&{s sliziernslkr umaasrij{`k fnrwkai{p mfnekp pi zlnz pli{aj fnok àknrulnz M nf simdzmde i{z lkrk8 akdpkp nrk mfsirzndz b{zaknrdmde zi {pk zlkf sriskra} mp kwkd firk mfsirzndz$

Ulmak nd} akdp umaa ji gir pznrzkrp! md f} k|skrmkd`kzlk n`z{na sri`kpp ig jimde àipk&{s ndj fn`risliziernsl} ~{mòa} pirzp mzpkag i{z md gnwir ig bkzzkrndj bkzzkr akdpkp! np ukaa np bkzzkr `nfkrnp zii$ ]i{lnwk bkkd unrdkj$

Liu zi Smò n AkdpZlkrk nrk n d{fbkr ig ok} gn`zirp zlnz e{rk mdzi ulnzfnokp n eiij àipk&{s ir fn`ri akdp$ Diz naa akdpkplnwk naa zlk jkpmrkj gn`zirp ndj mz napi jkskdjp id zlksnrzm`{anr omdj ig sliziernsl} }i{ undz zi ji$ Di akdp,ir wkr} gku nd}un}- pkkf zi lnwk kwkr}zlmde$ Pifkakdpkp umaa lnwk bkzzkr plnrsdkpp! pifk bkzzkr ìair!ndj pi id$ Np }i{ rknj nbi{z zlk gn`zirp ndj ~{namzmkpig wnrmi{p akdpkp }i{ umaa undz zi okks }i{r k}k id zlk~{namzmkp zlnz nrk fipz mfsirzndz zi }i{r uiro$ Mg }i{jidz lnwk nd} snrzm`{anr uiro }kz zlkd h{pz ji n aiz igsliziernsl} ndj }i{ umaa ernj{naa} jmpìwkr ulnz zlnzuiro mp$

Snppmid ndj Skrpmpzkd`k

Snppmid mp ulnz fnokp gir k|skrmkd`k$ Mg uk nrk dizfizmwnzkj zi ekz i{z zlkrk ndj k|skrmfkdz umzl i{reknr! aknrdmde umaa bk! nz bkpz! wkr} paiu$ Pifkzlmdelnp zi bk jrmwmde {p$ Uk lnwk zi bk skrpmpzkdz$Ulnz fizmwnzkp {p mp ulkrk sliziernslkrp nerkk zijmggkr ndj napi dj zlkmr jmggkrkd`kp$ Akz fk zkaa }i{pifkzlmde nbi{z ulnz md f} ismdmid M aiio gir md n eiijàipk&{s ir fn`ri akdp$ Gmrpz n amzzak lmpzir}$

F} rpz nzzkfszp nz fn`ri sliziernsl} ziio san`knri{dj zlk }knr >=;7 ulkd nrfkj umzl n Oijno Rkzmdn2n ndj n àipk&{s akdp M bkend zi znok pifk fn`riplizp md dnz{rk$ Zlk} ukrk diz zii p{``kppg{a b{z M unpida} gzkkd }knrp iaj$ Md rk`kdz }knrp M lnwk pskdz n aizig zmfk jimde àipk&{s ndj fn`ri dnz{rk sliziernsl}$

Md f} pknr`l gir zlk rmelz akdpkp M lnwk zrmkj n eiijd{fbkr ig zlkf$ Lkrk mp ulnz M wna{k fipz md n akdp girdknr gi`{p8

Zlk @ipmdn)Wimezandjkr >2;ff g)2$; NSI&Andzlnr


17/137>5


Plnrsdkpp ,@inpzna Iszm`p 73ff NSI g):-

Ig ì{rpk M undz mz plnrs b{z zlk firk M uiro umzlakdpkp zlk akpp M nf ìd`krdkj nbi{z nbpia{zkplnrsdkpp! ulnzkwkr zlnz mp$ Zlkrk nrk n aiz ig wkr}dk plnrs akdpkp nwnmanbak md zlk Dmoid fi{dz ir zlnz`nd bk ìdwkrzkj zi zlnz fi{dz$ Fipz ig zlk akdpkpfkdzmidkj md zlmp nrzmàk ir md Biio Zui nrk plnrs irsakdz} plnrs kdi{el gir eiij fn`ri uiro$

Ndj plnrsdkpp mp diz zlk ida} ìdpmjkrnzmid$ N akdp`nd bk wkr} plnrs b{z jmg`{az zi {pk gir izlkr rknpidp?mz `nd bk zii pkdpmzmwk zi amelz ir zlk umjkpz nskrz{rkjikp fnok emwk kdi{el amelz md zlk wmkudjkr! kz`$

Plnrsdkpp `nd napi bk n fnzzkr ig ismdmid zi njkerkk$ ]i{ umaa odiu ulkd }i{ dj ulnz }i{ìdpmjkr n plnrs akdp$ Ndj f} iud mdwkpzmenzmid mdziplnrskr ndj plnrskr akdpkp kdjkj md zlk gn`zirp zlnzibp`{rkj plnrsdkpp grif nssknrmde! amok jmggrn`zmidig ì{rpk! b{z firk p{bzak }kz ukrk zlk wnrmi{p omdjpig nbkrrnzmid! jmpzirzmidp zlnz ba{rrkj ir ibp`{rkjplnrsdkpp$

Md zlk anpz ndna}pmp plnrsdkpp bk`nfk gir fk n pz{j}ig NSI ,Nsi`lrifnzm`- akdpkp! amzkrnaa} n fnzzkr ig zlkjmpzirzmidp ig ìair! zlk un} ìair `nd bk fkppkj umzl$Md n uirj! f} pknr`l gir plnrsdkpp akgz fk aiiomdenz akdpkp umzl akpp ndj akpp jmpzirzmid! pi zlnz M ì{ajbkzzkr pkk ulnzkwkr mz unp M unp `naamde plnrsdkpp$Kwkdz{naa} plnrsdkpp bk`nfk nd nafipz fkndmdeakppuirj zi fk bk`n{pk zlk ida} akdpkp M {pkj ukrk wkr}plnrs ndj zlnz plnrsdkpp z{rdkj id p{bzak ìairmde!dnaa} n fnzzkr ig skrpidna znpzk$

Nd}un}! pirr} zi znok }i{ id n pmjkzrnò b{z gir zlkrkìrj M h{pz zli{elz M pli{aj simdz i{z n amzzak nbi{z f}hi{rdk} zi plnrsdkpp$

Gnpz Akdp ,Dmooir ;3ff g)>$2

M wna{k n gnpz akdp ,idk umzl wkr} pfnaa g&pzis d{fbkrpamok g)>$:! g)2$

Napi M ji n aiz ig gi`{p pznòmde ndj M dkkj zi pkk ulnzzi gi`{p id nz kn`l pzks$ M jidz kdzmrka} nerkk umzlzlipk uli pn} zlnz zi gi`{p pznò }i{ dkkj zi h{pz ekzzi zlk gridz ig zlk p{bhk`z ndj zlkd n{zifnzm`naa} àmò

id zlri{el ndj diz gi`{p id nd}zlmde md snrzm`{anr b{zh{pz fnok p{rk zi lnwk rke{anr mdzkrwnap$ Zlnz jikp dizuiro gir fk$

Ig ì{rpk M {djkrpzndj ulnz zlk} nrk simdzmde nz b{zmd f} k|skrmkd`k zlmp mp diz kdi{el$ Gir k|nfsakri{dj ,pslkrm`na- ibhk`zp md zlk grnfk ji diz pznòukaa$ Idkp md`rkfkdzp lnwk zi bk f{`l dkr ,plirzkr-zlnd izlkrumpk mg zlk p{bhk`z mp ri{dj$ Md gn`z! md fnd}p{bhk`zp zlkrk nrk ok} simdzp zlnz }i{ jidz undz zih{pz n{zi&md`rkfkdz ndj fnr`l snpz b{z rnzlkr bk wkr}`nrkg{a zi bk p{rk zi ekz zlkf md k|zrkfk gi`{p$ Md izlkruirjp8 mg M nf bamdja} md`rkfkdzmde naide umzl n pznòndj rkn`l n ok} simdz M ji dkr md`rkfkdzp bkgirk! nz!ndj ngzkr zlnz simdz zi fnok p{rk zlnz nrkn mp md srmfk

gi`{p$ Rkfkfbkr zlnz md gi`{p pznòmde ulnzkwkr mpzlk md mdzkrwna bkzukkd md`rkfkdzna slizip mp zi pifkjkerkk aipz$ Gi`{p pznòmde mp n pnfsamde zk`ldm~{kamok n{jmi @Jp ndj JWJp$ Zlkpk nrk mfsrkppmidmpzm`zk`ldm~{kp zlnz lnwk erknz ensp ir liakp bkdknzl i{rl{fnd zlrkpliaj$

Zlkrk igzkd nrk pkwkrna p{`l simdzp md zlk pkrmkp ndjM dkkj zi bk nbak zi pkk zi gi`{p md zlk wmkudjkr ziji zlnz ndj zlkrkgirk M undz n gnpz akdp gir wmpmbmamz}$Gir k|nfsak8 pifkidk ìffkdzkj rk`kdza} nbi{z zlkDmoid 53&>


18/137>33ff Kafnrmz R-

Pifkzlmde diz igzkd fkdzmidkj mp zlk gi`{p zlriu ign akdp! liu fnd} jkerkkp jikp zlk akdp bnrrka lnwkzi riznzk zi ei grif àipk {s zi mddmz}$ M unp p{rsrmpkjzlnz pifk ig zlk dkpz fn`ri akdpkp lnwk n plirzgi`{p zlriu$ Gir fn`ri uiro ndj kpsk`mnaa} gir gi`{p

pznòmde M dkkj n aidempl gi`{p zlriu ir kapk s{z zlk`nfkrn id n gi`{pmde rnma$ M srkgkr zlk aide gi`{p zlriuid n akdp zi `nrr}mde n gi`{pmde rnma nri{dj umzl fk$

M unp pliòkj zi dj zlnz zlk wkr} k|skdpmwk @inpznaIszm`p 73ff g): NSI fn`ri akdp lnp n gi`{p zlriu igida} 2>3 jkerkkp$ Gir k|nfsak zlk @W&>2; NSI lnpn gi`{p zlriu ig 703 jkerkkp ndj zlk Akm`n >33ffKafnrmz lnp idk ig 5>3 jkerkkp$ Liukwkr! zlk iajFm`ri&Dmooir 73ff g)2$< J fn`ri lnp n zlriu ig ida}>23 jkerkkp ndj zlnz mp diz jkpmrnbak$

Zlk umjkr zlk ndeak fn`ri akdp ,;3ff! 73ff! kz`$-!zlk firk mfsirzndz mz mp zi lnwk n aide gi`{p zlriu$Fn`ri uiro mp h{pz zlk issipmzk ig psirzp sliziernsl}ulkrk }i{ undz n plirz gi`{p zlriu$ Md fn`ri ndjfipz ig naa md gi`{p pznòmde n aide gi`{p zlriu mp n bme

njwndznek$ ]i{ dkkj n aide zlriu ir {pk n gi`{pmdernma$ Pifk ig zlk dkr fn`ri akdpkp ,@inpzna Iszm`p73ff- umzl n plirz gi`{p zlriu ui{aj bk bkzzkr {pkjid n gi`{pmde rnma$

Zlk umjkr zlk akdp zlk firk }i{ dkkj n aide gi`{pzlriu! b{z zlk rknamz} mp h{pz zlk rkwkrpk$ Fipz umjkndeak akdpkp lnwk n wkr} plirz gi`{p zlriu ulm`lfkndp kwkd n zmd} fiwkfkdz ig zlk akdp umaa lnwk nanrek kggk`z$ S{zzmde zlkpk akdpkp id n gi`{pmde rnmaui{aj fnok zlkf firk {pkg{a$

Rksrij{`zmid Rnzmi

Ndizlkr gknz{rk zi okks md fmdj mp zlk rksrij{`zmidrnzmi$ Liu anrek mp zlk mfnek md zlk grnfk9 Fipzfn`ri n`midnjip srkgkr n akdp zlnz eikp zi >8>$ Lkrk>8> fkndp zlnz zlk mfnek md zlk pkdpir ndj zlkp{bhk`z mfnek nrk zlk pnfk pmxk$ Diz zii fnd} eiijfn`ri akdpkp ekz zi >8>$ Md gn`z zlkrk nrk uliak pmjk&b{pmdkppkp ,k|zkdpmid z{bkp! jmiszkrp! kz`$- zlnz lkas}i{ ekz grif pfnaakr rnzmip ,amok >82- zi >8> mfnek pmxk$

Zlkrk nrk diz naa zlnz fnd} akdpkp zlnz umaa emwk }i{ zlk>8> rnzmi pzrnmelz nun} ndj f} wmku ig s{zzmde àipk&{sjmiszkrp id zlk gridz ig f} akdpkp ir k|zkdpmid z{bkpid zlk rknr ig f} akdpkp mp diz nzzkrmde$ M lnwk naa

zlk ok} jmiszkrp! z{bkp! kz`$! b{z M {pk zlkf ida} npn wkr} anpz rkpirz$ N`z{naa} M lnrja} kwkr {pk zlkf nznaa$ M odiu zlnz fnd} sliziernslkrp aiwk z{bkp ndjjmisizkrp b{z M gkka n akdp h{pz np mz mp piaj mp n skrgk`za}bnand`kj zlmde ndj nd}zlmde njjkj zi mz `nd ida} aknjzi n jkernjkj mfnek$ Md f} k|skrmkd`k! zlmp mp n gn`z$

A{òma} gir n aiz ig f} uiro M jidz naun}p dkkj zi lnwkn >8> rksrij{`zmid rnzmi$ M pliiz n aiz ig àipk&{s uiro!ulnz M `naa fmdm andjp`nskp ir jmirnfnp ndj zlkrkgirk`nd {pk akdpkp zlnz nrk diz {azrn&àipk$

NSI ,Nsi`lrifnzm`- Akdpkp

Diz nbpia{zka} rk~{mrkj b{z wkr} lkasg{a nrk akdpkp zlnznrk NSI irrk`zkj$ Nsi`lrifnzm` akdpkp nrk irrk`zkjgir `lrifnzm` ndj pslkrm`na nbkrrnzmid firk zlnd zlk

ìffid n`lrifnzm` akdpkp$ Zlkrk nrk diz fnd} eiijNSI akdpkp! zlk fipz ukaa&odiud md zlk Dmoid girfnzbkmde zlk @ipmdn)Wimezandjkr >2;ff NSI&Andzlnr!! zlk Akm`n >33ff NSI Kafnrmz! ndj zlk @inpznaIszm`p 73ff NSI$ Zlkrk mp n rkanzmidplms bkzukkdplnrsdkpp md n akdp ndj zlk nbpkd`k ig jmpzirzmid! piM srkgkr NSI akdpkp md f} uiro fipz ig zlk zmfk$ MFIzlk jmggkrkd`kp md p{bzak ìairmde `nd bk jrnfnzm`$

Fmdmf{f Gi`{p Jmpznd`k

Fipz akdpkp {pkj gir fn`ri uiro lnwk n wkr} plirzfmdmf{f gi`{p jmpznd`k$ Md gn`z fnd} `nd nssknr ziiplirz mg uiromde umzl amwk `rmzzkrp! amok ;3&73ff akdpkp$

Mg }i{ nrk pliizmde mdpk`zp ir amwk ulnzkwkr! pifk

akdpkp rk~{mrk }i{ zi bk pi àipk zi zlk p{bhk`z zlnzzlk kdj ig zlk akdp n`z{naa} baiòp zlk amelz ir zlkàipk sri|mfmz} ig zlk akdp p`nrkp igg ulnzkwkr }i{nrk sliziernslmde$ Zlk 73ff rndek ig fn`ri akdpkpnrk md zlmp `nzkeir}$ Ndj ulmak zlk >33ff zi >3;fffn`ri akdpkp nrk wkr} sis{anr! fnd} sliziernslkrpui{aj rnzlkr uiro umzl akdpkp md zlk 233ff rndekbk`n{pk mz emwkp zlkf h{pz kdi{el k|zrn jmpznd`kzi diz jmpz{rb zlkmr p{bhk`zp$ Mg }i{ nrk rknaa} mdzisliziernslmde `rmzzkrp zlkd n akdp md zlk 233ff rndekfn} bk ulnz }i{ nrk aiiomde gir$ Ulkd }i{ ekz ziaidekr zkakslizi akdpkp zlkd }i{ undz n àipk&gi`{pjmpznd`k! kpsk`mnaa} mg zlk akdp mp diz n fn`ri akdp$

Idk ijj zk`ldm~{k M amok mp zi {pk n zkakslizi amok zlk

Dmoid 033f G): KJ&MG akdp ,ulm`l lnp n fmdmf{fgi`{p jmpznd`k ig pifkzlmde amok :$= gkkz- id zlk Dmoid


19/137>=


J0| ,ulm`l lnp 2: FS- ndj `ris i{z n slizi$ M `ndsliziernsl n grie i{z md zlk fmjjak ig zlk sidj! `ris mzi{z! ndj pzmaa lnwk kdi{el sm|kap akgz gir n dk slizi$

Akdp P{ffnr}

Zlipk nrk pifk ig f} fnmd ìdpmjkrnzmidp ulkd`liipmde n fn`ri akdp$ M jidz `nrk liu lknw} ir b{ao}n akdp mp$ @nrzmde zlkpk zlmdep nri{dj mp pkìdj dnz{rkzi fk diu$ Mz mp knp} zi pkk zlnz mg uk mdpmpz id lnwmde naaig zlk nbiwk simdzp md n pmdeak akdp uk ~{mòa} nrk jiudzi nafipz didk$ Md gn`z zlk idk akdp M lnwk zlnz mp plnrs!gnpz! lnp n aide gi`{p zlriu! eikp zi >8>! ndj lnp NSImp zlk Wimezandjkr >2;ff g)2$; NSI&Andzlnr$ Di izlkrakdp lnp naa ig zlkpk gknz{rkp umzli{z njjmde jmiszkrp irpkzzamde gir n plirz gi`{p zlriu! kz`$ Mz mp di uidjkr zlnzzlmp akdp mp md erknz jkfndj ndj wkr} k|skdpmwk$ ZlkDmoid >3;ff WR fn`ri mp srkzz} eiij np ukaa md zkrfpig lnwmde fnd} ig zlk mfsirzndz gknz{rkp$

Saknpk rkgkr zi zlk pkìdj biio md zlmp pkrmkp ulm`lmp id akdpkp$ Zlkrk }i{ umaa dj slizip! psk`p! ndjpnfsak sliziernslp znokd umzl pifk :2 akdpkp zlnznrk {pkg{a gir fn`ri! àipk&{s! ndj fmdm&andjp`nsksliziernsl}$

Zlk Akdp Mp zlk Zlmde

Akdpkp nrk zlk lknrz ig sliziernsl}! MFI! ndj`krznmda} n eiij plnrs akdp mp rk~{mrkj gir jk`kdz gi`{ppznòmde$ Ndj akdpkp `nd bk k|skdpmwk! zi pn} zlk aknpz$Girz{dnzka} gir fn`ri ndj aipk&{s sliziernsl}! ulkrkuk f{pz gi`{p fnd{naa} nd}un}! uk `nd {pk iajkrakdpkp ulm`l nrk igzkd rknjma} nwnmanbak nz rknpidnbaksrm`kp$ Zijn} kwkr}idk undzp n{zigi`{p akdpkp! pi girzlipk ig {p uli rk~{mrk fnd{na gi`{pmde! bnrenmdp nrknaa nri{dj {p$

Zlk omdj ig akdp }i{ dkkj jkskdjp id zlk omdj ig àipk&{s sliziernslmde }i{ mdzkdj zi ji$ Nrk }i{ h{pz znomdepmdeak sliziernslp ir ji }i{ undz zi gi`{p pznò npkrmkp ig slizip9 Ulmak gi`{p pznòmde `nd napi bk {pkjgir andjp`nsk ndj mdzkrfkjmnzk jmpznd`k sliziernsl}!

f{`l ig mz zkdjp zi bk jidk md àipk&{s ndj fn`risliziernsl}$

Psknomde wkr} ekdkrnaa}! fipz fn`ri ndj àipk&{s uiromp jidk umzl plirz zkakslizi akdpkp rnzlkr zlnd umjkndeak akdpkp$ Zrnjmzmidnaa} zlk ;3ff akdp lnp bkkdpkz np zlk pzndjnrj ir dirfna akdp ndj nd} akdpkppfnaakr zlnd zlnz ,2:ff! 0;ff! kz`$- nrk ìdpmjkrkjumjk ndeak akdpkp! ulmak nd} akdpkp aidekr zlnz ;3ff,>3;ff! 233ff- nrk ìdpmjkrkj zkakslizi akdpkp$

]i{ `nd ji gi`{p pznòmde umzl nafipz nd} omdj igakdp ,mdà{jmde umjk ndeak akdpkpumzl zlk k|`kszmidskrlnsp ig plk}k akdpkp$ Zlk} nrk zi{el! nazli{elM lnwk jidk mz$ Ndj uk pli{aj jmggkrkdzmnzk bkzukkdpzndjnrj akdpkp ndj fn`ri akdpkp$ N fn`ri akdp naaiup

}i{ zi gi`{p jiud zi wkr} plirz jmpznd`kp grif }i{rp{bhk`z! sriwmjmde }i{ umzl erknzkr fnedm`nzmid ndjzl{p l{ek mfnekp ig zmd} `rmzzkrp amok ndzp! np ukaa npiukrp! aknwkp! kz`$ Pzndjnrj akdpkp jidz {p{naa}lnwk n gi`{p jmpznd`k àipk kdi{el zi ji fn`risliziernsl}! pi znok dizk bkgirk }i{ s{r`lnpk$

@aipk&{s ndj fn`ri akdpkp ekdkrnaa} nrk anbkakjnp p{`l! {pmde zlk uirjp fn`ri ir fm`ri! pi }i{dkkj zi jmggkrkdzmnzk bkzukkd ,gir k|nfsak- n >3;ffsirzrnmz akdp grif n >3;ff fn`ri akdp! nazli{el zlkfn`ri akdp `nd napi pliiz sirzrnmzp! b{z diz wm`k wkrpn$N >3;ff sirzrnmz akdp umaa diz pliiz fn`ri p{bhk`zpbk`n{pk mzp àipkpz&gi`{p jmpznd`k mp zii gnr nun} giràipk uiro$ ]i{ `ndz ekz àipk kdi{el zi }i{r p{bhk`z$

Pi! }i{ umaa sribnba} undz zi ekz }i{rpkag n akdp umzl nzaknpz pifk fn`ri nsnbmamz}$

Zlk ^{kpz gir Jkszl ig Gmkaj

Np aide np zlkrk lnwk bkkd `nfkrnp ndj akdpkpsliziernslkrp lnwk pzr{eeakj zi n`lmkwk erknzkr jkszlig kaj ,JIG-$ Ulkd n akdp mp umjk iskd! zlk JIG mpwkr} plnaaiu ulm`l fkndp zlnz! nz bkpz! }i{ `nd k|sk`zzi lnwk plnrs gi`{p ida} md idk sandk ig zlk slizi$ Zlkrkpz ig zlk grnfk umaa bk firk ir akpp i{z ig gi`{p$ Umzlk|zrkfka} gnpz akdpkp ,g)>$2! g)>$:- zlk jkszl ig kaj `ndbk rnxir zlmd$ Kwkr}zlmde kapk mp i{z&ig&gi`{p ,IIG-$

Np uk àipk jiud zlk akdp ,pfnaakr iskdmdep- ukn`lmkwk erknzkr ndj erknzkr JIG {dzma n simdz mprkn`lkj ulkrk zlk kggk`zp ig jmggrn`zmid ,ulm`l pkk- pkzmd ndj bkemd zi jkpzri} zlk iwkrnaa plnrsdkpp ig zlkslizi$ Sliziernslkrp nrk `n{elz bkzukkd zlk jkwmandj zlk jkks ba{k pkn! zrnsskj b} nafipz di JIGnz umjk nskrz{rkp ndj n aipp ig plnrsdkpp nz dnrriunskrz{rkp! ulkd pzisskj jiud zii gnr$ Zlnz lnp bkkdzlk zrnjmzmidna sribakf$

Uk naa pkkf zi amok zi pkk slizip zlnz kfbrn`k erknzkrJIG ndj! umzl zlk njwkdz ig gi`{p pznòmde! zlmpmp bkìfmde md`rknpmdea} sippmbak$ Gi`{p pznòmdelnp bkkd eimde id gir n aide zmfk b{z {dzma rk`kdza}unp amfmzkj zi zlipk sliziernslkrp umzl kdi{elzk`ldm`na k|skrzmpk md Sliziplis ,ir izlkr pigzunrk- zi

snmdpznomde pznò an}krp ig slizip ndj zlkd ernj{naa}krnpk snrzp ig jmggkrkdz an}krp zi rkwkna zlipk nrknp igerknzkpz plnrsdkpp! kz`$ Kn`l slizi bkìfkp n rknaanbir ig aiwk ndj mp wkr} zmfk mdzkdpmwk$

Diu zlnz sriernfp amok Xkrkdk Pznòkr ,napiSliziplis @P: ndj izlkr pigzunrk- `nd ji zlmp firkn{zifnzm`naa}! gi`{p pznòmde mp md`rknpmdea} ifmdemdzi mzp iud$ Zijn} ,{pmde Sliziplis np nd k|nfsak-naa zlnz mp dk`kppnr} mp zi san`k zlk pznò ig slizip ,nzjmggkrkdz gi`{p simdzp- np mdjmwmj{na an}krp ndj nssa} zuiìffndjp zi zlnz pznò! Named ndj Bakdj$

Zlk Named ìffndj n{zifnzm`naa} uirop zlri{el zlkan}krp ndj namedp zlk p{bhk`z md kn`l an}kr pi zlk} amdk{s$ Id`k zlnz mp jidk! zlk Bakdj an}kr bakdjp zlknamedkj an}krp mdzi n pmdeak slizi! n{zifnzm`naa} jimdeulnz srkwmi{p sliziernslkrp anbirmi{pa} jmj b} lndj$Zlk rkp{azmde mfnek mp n pznòkj slizi! ulkrk zlk pznòig mdjmwmj{na slizip lnp bkkd namedkj! bakdjkj! ndjrkj{`kj zi n pmdeak slizi zlnz nssknrp zi lnwk erknzjkszl ig kaj mg naa lnp bkkd jidk ìrrk`za}$

[pkrp ig Njibk Amelzriif 2$3 ,ndj lmelkr- `nd pkak`zn pkrmkp ig slizip md Amelzriif ndj pkdj zlkf ziSliziplis ulkrk zlk} `nd bk namedkj! bakdjkj! ndjn{zifnzm`naa} pnwkj bnò mdzi Amelzriif! mdà{jmde nd}njh{pzfkdzp fnjk zi zlk slizip md Amelzriif$ Ulnz zlmpfkndp mp zlnz gi`{p pznòmde mp diu nwnmanbak zi n f{`lumjkr eri{s ig {pkrp zlnd md zlk snpz$ H{pz np LJR&pzmz`lkj slizip lnwk bkìfk wkr} sis{anr ndj lnwk

zlkmr iud psk`mna aiio! uk `nd k|sk`z zi pkk gi`{ppznòmde giaaiumde id zlk pnfk snzl zi firk ìffid{pnek$ Gi`{p pznòmde zii lnp n `krznmd aiio zlnzjmggkrkdzmnzkp mz grif pzndjnrj slizip$

Skrlnsp `nfkrn fnokrp amok Dmoid fn} mdà{jk gi`{ppznòmde ,gi`{p brnòkzmde- md g{z{rk `nfkrn bijmkph{pz amok zlk} jmj umzl nskrz{rk brnòkzmde! ulm`l mp diunwnmanbak$ Zlk {pkr ui{aj gi`{p nz zlk gridz ndj zlkrknr ig n p{bhk`z! mdjm`nzk liu fnd} slizip pli{aj bkpznòkj ,ir nd md`rkfkdz- ndj zlk `nfkrn ui{aj ji zlkrkpz$ Ig ì{rpk! zlmp pi{djp amok n hib zlnz ui{aj rk~{mrkn zrmsij$ Gir plizp ig amwk p{bhk`zp! md&`nfkrn gi`{ppznòmde ui{aj g{rzlkr iskd {s zlmp zk`ldm~{k pmd`k zlkpznòkj pkrmkp ui{aj lnsskd nz fn|mf{f pskkj$ N

jnfskdkr id zlmp mjkn mp zlk gn`z zlnz fnd} ig zlk bkpz


20/13723

@aipk&{s ndj Fn`ri Sliziernsl}fn`ri akdpkp ji diz kwkd lnwk n{zi&gi`{p$

Nazli{el M {pkj Nbibk Sliziplis md zlk nbiwkk|nfsak bk`n{pk fnd} ig }i{ fn} narknj} lnwk! mz mpdiz wkr} eiij nz gi`{p pznòmde ndj M `ndz rkìffkdjmz$ Mdpzknj M {pk ndj rkìffkdj Xkrkdk Pznòkr! ndjfirk mdgirfnzmid id zlnz sriernf `nd bk gi{dj lkrk8

lzzs8))uuu$xkrkdkp}pzkfp$ìf)

Jmggrn`zmid Gknrp

Ulkd }i{ `nfkrn akdp mp umjk iskd ,amok nz G)2$ fipzakdpkp nrk rknjmde ìdpmjkrnbak jmggrn`zmid ndj b} g)>7ndj lmelkr mz `nd bk n pkrmi{p sribakf$

Md izlkr uirjp! h{pz ulkd uk nrk pznrzmde zi rkpiawkjkszl&ig&kaj b} pkak`zmde lmelkr ndj lmelkr nskrz{rkp!jmggrn`zmid pzksp md ndj jkpzri}p zlk ànrmz} uk nrkzr}mde zi enmd$ Gir akpp jkznmakj slizip zlmp fn}diz nggk`z zlk slizi ,fn} diz fnzzkr zi {p-! b{z girizlkrp mz fkndp uk lnwk zi aiio kapkulkrk zi ekzfirk nssnrkdz jkszl ig kaj$ Zlmp mp n fnmd rknpidul} gi`{p pznòmde mp ekzzmde pi sis{anr8 mz pmf{anzkperknzkr jkszl ig kaj b} s{zzmde firk ig zlk p{bhk`z mpgi`{p$

@ipmdn ndj Xkmpp

Mz mp mfsirzndz zi odiu zlnz zlk uiraj&gnfi{p Xkmppakdpkp nrk fnjk md Hnsnd b} @ipmdn! zlk ìfsnd}zlnz fnokp f} gnwirmzk Wimezandjkr @W&>2; akdp ndjizlkrp$ Zlk Hnsndkpk bi{elz zlk Ekrfnd ifsnd}pdnfk$ Md gn`z bizl Xkmpp ndj Wimezandjkr nrk fnjkmd zlk pnfk b{majmde M nf ziaj! h{pz id issipmzk pmjkp$F} simdz9 Pmfsak! zlkpk e{}p fnok eiij akdpkp ndjdiz h{pz zlk Xkmpp lnag ig zlk b{majmde! b{z MFI zlkWimezandjkr gn`zir} srij{`kp zlk fipz rkfnronbakakdpkp M lnwk kwkr {pkj$

Zlk Zlrkk Umpk Akdp&fkd

Zlk mdzkrdkz gir{fp nrk aakj umzl akdp njwm`k ndj}i{ `nd srkzz} f{`l dj nd}zlmde }i{ undz zi sriwkànmfkj pifkulkrk! kmzlkr gir ir nenmdpz n emwkd akdp$Gmdjmde eiij njwm`k zlnz mp napi zr{k `nd bk zrmò}$ Lkrknrk zlk zlrkk fnmd pi{r`kp M zr{pz gir zr{k njwm`k nbi{zakdpkp$ M ampz zlkf md zlk irjkr M jmpìwkrkj zlkf! ulm`llnp z{rdkj i{z zi napi bk zlk irjkr ig zlkmr mfsirznd`kzi fk pi gnr$

Bhrd RrpakzzZlmp mp zlk ekdzakfnd ulipk pmzk zn{elz fk nbi{zfn`ri akdpkp ndj M pna{zk lmf. Lk lnp n uidjkrg{anrkn ig akdp rkwmkup gir Dmoid&girfnz akdpkp nz zlmp[RA8

lzzs8))uuu$dnz{rgizierng$ìf

Lk napi `nd bk gi{dj sipzmde nz DmoidEknr$ìf ulkrklk rkgkrp zi lmfpkag np zlk Gmkr`k Bknr ig zlk Dirzl!ulm`l mp napi zr{k$ Lk `krznmda} eriuap n aiz ndj lnpbkkd id i``npmid odiud zi bmzk$ Ulkd mz ìfkp zi zlkfk`lndm`p ig akdpkp ,ndj firk zlnd zlnz zii-! zlmp mpzlk fnd zi rknj nrkg{aa}$

Zlif Liend

Zlif Liend mp ndizlkr amwmde zrknp{rk gir akdp aiwkrp$Lk nssknrp zi bk firk md f} pz}ak! bkmde napi npigzunrk kdemdkkr ndj ekdkrna zk`lmk np nf M$ Lmp ukbpmzk! ulm`l mp uirzl `lkòmde id n jnma} bnpmp! mp8

lzzs8))uuu$b}zlif$ìf)

Liend diz ida} lnj psiz&id akdp rkwmkup b{z lmp pmzk mpzlk bkpz un} zi okks {s id ulnz mp lnsskdmde umzl naaig zlk anrekr `nfkrn fnd{gn`z{rkrp$ Nrzmàkp ig naa omdjpnrk napi nwnmanbak! amok liu zi àknd }i{r pkdpir! kz`$grif zlk Liend pmzk$

Aai}j @lnfbkrp

Aai}j @lnfbkrp iggkrp n pfirenpbirj ig zrknzp girJPAR {pkrp ndj akdp gndnzm`p amok f}pkag! n aiz ig mz grkkndj pifk ig mz b} p{bp`rmszmid$ ]i{ `nd dj lmp pmzklkrk8

lzzs8))jmemaai}j$ìf

B} naa fkndp rknj zlk grkk pz{gg$ M napi p{bp`rmbk ziNjwnd`kj Sliziernsl} ,JNS- ndj Fnomde PlnrsMfnekp$ M nf ida} pirr} M unmzkj pi aide zi p{bp`rmbki{z ig plkkr fmpkramdkpp$ Fnomde Plnrs Mfnekp mp zlkbkpz ìd`mpk z{zirmna id naa gn`kzp ig sliziernsl} M lnwkkwkr rknj ndj uirzl kwkr} skdd}$ Didk ig zlk biiopM iud emwk fk zlmp omdj ig mdgi md n ìdwkdmkdz&zi&rknjgirfnz$

Ukb Pmzkp8 DmoidEknr$ìf

M lnwk emwkd }i{ f} gnwirmzk zlrkk sliziernsl}pmzkp nbiwk! pi zlipk pmzkp M `lkò i{z np igzkd np Mlnwk zmfk$ M napi nf rkempzkrkj nz n d{fbkr ig izlkrsliziernsl} gir{fp b{z M ida} rknaa} lnde i{z nz idkndj zlnz mp DmoidEknr$ìf$

MFI zlk uirajp bkpz akdp k|skrzp `nd bk gi{dj lkrkndj mz mp lkrk zlnz M ei gir {s&zi&zlk&fmd{zk rkwmkup ndjzkpzp ig zlk anzkpz akdpkp$ Zlmp gir{f mp diz gir diwm`kpndj kwkd pifkulnz k|skrmkd`kj sliziernslkrp amokfk ekz bmzzkd b} zlk k|skrzp ulkd uk pn} pifkzlmderknaa} j{fb! b{z n dms diu ndj zlkd mp uirzl mz zi bkmd zlk ìfsnd} ig zk`ldm`na k|skrzp ig zlmp `nambkr$ Mlmela} rkìffkdj DmoidEknr$ìf ndj M nf n amgkzmfkp{bp`rmbkr$


21/1372>


K|zkdpmidp! @aipk&{s Jmsizkrp! ndj Zkakìdwkrzkrp

Ulnz ji naa zlkpk zlmdep lnwk md ìffid9 Zlk} nrkjkwm`kp zlnz z id zlk gridz ir bnò ig n akdp zi emwk mzfirk fnedm`nzmid ir pifkzlmde$ Fnd} ig zlkf nrkfnd{gn`z{rkj md nd nzzkfsz zi brmde fn`ri akdpkp zlnzlnwk akpp zlnd n idk&zi&idk rksrij{`zmid rnzmi {s zi

zlnz pzndjnrj8 >8>$ Mz mp di pk`rkz zlnz fn`ri pliizkrpsrkgkr n akdp zlnz `nd rkn`l >8>! fkndmde zlk pmxk igzlk mfnek id }i{r pkdpir mp zlk pnfk np zlnz ig zlkp{bhk`z mzpkag$ Wkr} gku dk fn`ri akdpkp `nd ji zlmpumzli{z lkas ndj lkasmde zlkf umzl njj&idp mp rknaa} dilkas nz naa$M iud nafipz naa ig zlkf ndj lnwk zrmkj kn`l ig zlkf$Mz ui{aj bk firk ìrrk`z zi pn} zlnz M lnwk zrmkj zi zr}zlkf ndj lnwk bkkd gnmra} jmpe{pzkj nz kwkr} z{rd umzlzlk rkp{azp$ Pi M lnwk amzzak zi dizlmde sipmzmwk zi pn}nbi{z zlkpk njj&idp k|`ksz mg zlk akdp fnd{gn`z{rkrlnj undzkj zlmp omdj ig kdlnd`kfkdz zlk} ui{aj lnwkmdà{jkj mz$ N bkzzkr un} zi pn} mz mp zlnz M lnwk dkwkrpkkd nd} ig zlkpk jkwm`kp zlnz mfsriwkj zlk ~{namz}ig n akdp$ Mdwnrmnba} zlk} jkernjk akdp ~{namz} ndj mz mpibwmi{p b} h{pz zr}mde mz i{z$

Akdpkp nrk `nrkg{aa} fnjk ndj bnand`kj zi zlk dzljkerkk h{pz zi fnok zlkf np eiij np zlk} nrk$ Zinjj id pifkzlmde kapk mp amok zlriumde n smk`k ig aknjid n p`nak zlnz mp skrgk`za} bnand`kj$ Mz mp p{jjkda}{dbnand`kj$]kp M lnwk bi{elz zlkf bk`n{pk M nf zlk omdj igskrpid uli lnp zi pkk gir f}pkag zlk kggk`z ig zlkpkzlmdep zlmdomde zlnz skrlnsp M ì{aj jjak zlkf mdzibkmde uirzlulmak! b{z md zlmp `npk mz jmj diz lnsskd$ F}ismdmid mp zlnz }i{ nrk f{`l bkzzkr igg {pmde n akdp h{pz

np mz mp mdpzknj ig zr}mde zi fnok mz skrgirf bk}idj mzprkn`l$ P{rk! }i{ ekz slizip! b{z pifkzlmde srk`mi{p mpaipz! nz aknpz md f} k|skrmkd`k$ M nf diz eimde zi pskdjn aiz ig zmfk ig zlkpk! b{z M umaa ei iwkr zlk bnpm`p h{pzpi }i{ odiu$@aipk&{s Njnszirp ndj Jmiszkrp

@aipk&{s njnszirp nrk akdpkp zlnz p`rku id zlk gridz ig}i{r akdp zlnz emwk zlkf erknz fnedm`nzmid! ndj zlkrknrk zui ekdkrna z}skp$ Zlk pmdeak akdp njnszirp ,idksmk`k ig eanpp- nrk jmrz `lkns id Kbn} ndj zlk} nrkuirzlakpp$ Zlk} pmfsa} jkernjk }i{r akdp$ ]kp! }i{ ekzn slizi b{z mz p{jjkda} mp n slizi znokd umzl idk ig zlkuirpz akdpkp md zlk uiraj! umzl naa omdjp ig ìair grmdemdendj ulnz&lnwk&}i{$

Bkzzkr nrk zlk n`lrifnz jmiszkrp ulm`l nrk lmela}ìrrk`zkj zui&kakfkdz akdpkp zlnz kdnbak zlk akdp zigi`{p firk àipka} id pfnaa ibhk`zp$ Dmoid kwkd fnjkpifk dk jmiszkrp gir n ulmak! b{z zlk} lnwk bkkdjmpìdzmd{kj$ M lnwk naa zlk Dmoid jmiszkrp ndj lnwkzrmkj zlkf$ Zlk} nrk IO nz bkpz! b{z diz eiij kdi{elgir fk zi {pk zlkf rke{anra} ir kwkr$ Ul} ji naazlkpk zlmdep k|mpz9Zlk pmfsak ndpukr mp zi pnwk fidk} iwkr lnwmde zis{r`lnpk jmggkrkdz akdpkp! zi pzrkz`l zlk {pk ig nd}pmdeak akdp bk}idj ulnz mz unp jkpmedkj gir ndj zlkrkp{azp sriwk zlmp$ M `nd zlmdo ig di izlkr rknpid$ M kwkdlnwk zlk lmela}&zli{elz ig @ndid n`lrifnzp ndj zlk}nrk di bkzzkr$ Ndj zlk pmdeak&eanpp njj&id akdpkp nrkida} eiij np snskrukmelzp$

K|zkdpmid Z{bkp

K|zkdpmid z{bkp nrk h{pz zlnz! liaaiu z{bkp zlnz nrkfi{dzkj nz zlk bnò ig n akdp zi fnok zlkf lmelkr

siukrkj$ N 233ff akdp mp h{pz n akdp umzl n b{maz&mdk|zkdpmid z{bk b{z mz mp n z{bk zlnz unp gn`zirkj mdzi


22/13722


zlk n`z{na akdp jkpmed grif zlk ekz&ei ndj `nrkg{aa}bnand`kj$ Mz mp pnmj md jkgkdpk ig k|zkdpmid z{bkp zlnzzlk} ji diz fkpp umzl zlk akdp ~{namz} bk`n{pk zlk}ìdznmd di akdp kakfkdzp zlkfpkawkp ndj zlnz zlk}ida} njj k|zkdpmid$

Ukaa! diz ~{mzk$ Zlk aide ndj zlk plirz ig zlnznre{fkdz mp zlnz k|zkdpmid z{bkp zlriu n akdp i{z igbnand`k h{pz np njj&id àipk&{s akdpkp ji$ Zlk rkp{az!id`k nenmd! mp n jkernjkj mfnek$ Nd k|zkdpmid z{bknjjkj zi n akdp zi brmde mz zi 233ff mp diz zlk pnfk

np n 233ff akdp umzl b{maz&md k|zkdpmid$ Zr} mz gir}i{rpkag$ Zlk pnj snrz mp zlnz bkgirk M ì{aj zr} mz girf}pkag M lnj zi ei ndj b{} zlkpk zlmdep ndj M eiz naa igzlkf M ì{aj dj$ ]kp zlk} uiro! b{z M dkwkr {pk zlkf!diz kwkd kwkr$ M lnwk bkkd zlkrk ndj jidk zlnz ndj mzunp diz dm`k$

Id zlmp snek8 Wnrmi{pk|zkdpmid z{bkp! O&rmdep!ndj izlkr ìddk`zirp zlnzkmzlkr njj k|zkdpmid zin akdp ir lkas zi ìddk`zakdpkp zi idk ndizlkr$


23/13720


Dmoid Zkakìdwkrzkr Z@&>:KMM >$:| Dmoid Zkakìdwkrzkr Z@&23> 2|

Dmoid Zkakìdwkrzkr Z@&>:KMM >$5| Dmoid Zkakìdwkrzkr Z@&23KMMM 2|Zkakìdwkrzkrp

Ndj zi fnok zlmdep kwkd uirpk zlkrk nrk zlkzkakìdwkrzkrp$ Zlkpk nrk akdpkp zlnz nrk njjkj zizlk bnò ig n dirfna akdp zi md`rknpk zlkmr rkn`l!zi njj fnedm`nzmid ndj rkn`l$ Gir mdpznd`k! n 2|zkakìdwkrzkrp umaa ji{bak zlk rkn`l ig n akdp! z{rdmden >33ff akdp mdzi n 233ff akdp ndj pi id$ Dmoidlnp srij{`kj zlkf md >$:|! >$5|! ndj 2| pmxkp ndjM lnwk zlkf naa$ Amok zlk izlkr z}skp ig njnszirp! igì{rpk zlk} uiro b{z liu ukaa mp zlk ~{kpzmid$ Dizukaa mp zlk ndpukr Mg }i{ amok ~{namz} slizip$ M lnwk zlk

Z@&>5K MM >$5|! zlk Z@&>:K >$:|! ndj zlk Z@&23 K 2|zkakìdwkrzkrp grif Dmoid$ Skrlnsp zlk fipz rk`kdz

Dmoid Z@&23K MMM 2| zkakìdwkrzkr! ulm`l M napilnwk! mp bkzzkr zlnd zlk rkpz b{z pzmaa diz eiijkdi{el MFI gir srmfk zmfk$Zlk piak {pk gir zlkpk mp zi pnwk }i{ griflnwmde zi b{} n :33ff ,ir lmelkr fnedm`nzmid-~{namz} zkakslizi akdp$ M jidz banfk zlipk ulizr}$ Zlipk bme akdpkp zlnz nrk ~{namz} ìpz ngirz{dk$ A{òma} M nf n fn`ri pliizkr$Mg }i{ f{pz lnwk zlk njjkj rkn`l! zr} zlkf! b{zM unekr zlnz }i{ umaa bk jmpnssimdzkj ir nz aknpzkdj {s liajmde }i{r dipk$Pi M nsiaiemxk zi njnszir gndp gir f} ismdmid!ulm`l mp naa mz mp$ M jidz amok kf? M jidz {pk kf$


24/1372:


N``kppirmkp ndj Izlkr Zism`p

Akdp Liijp

Liijp9 Fipz naa akdpkp bkdkz grif liijp$ Ulmakpifk akdpkp nrk jkksa} rk`kppkj ndj girf n omdjig dnz{rna liij! fnd} nrk diz ndj dkkj zlk liij zibaiò k|zrndki{p amelz grif fnomde }i{r uiro firkjmg`{az$ Uk dkkj liijp ndj pli{aj {pk zlkf$ Zlk}napi lkas zi srkwkdz ulnzkwkr grif jnfnemde }i{rakdp$ Mg }i{ lnwk n Dmoid akdp ndj undz zi odiu ulnzliij zp zlnz akdp! {pk zlmp pmzk8

lzzs8))uuu$slizip}dzlkpmp$ì$dx)dmoid)n``kppir}$lzfa

K|zrn Bnzzkrmkp

M nf n amzzak ibpkppmwk nbi{z lnwmde k|zrn bnzzkrmkp girf} `nfkrn$ M zr} zi `nrr} nd k|zrn idk md zlk `nr b{zpkajif id f} skrpid ulkd M sliziernsl$ M jidz igzkdpliiz firk zlnd >333 slizip nz idk pliizmde pi zlkdku Amzlm{f bnzzkrmkp nrk kdi{el gir idk i{zmde ndjzlkd pifk$ F} p{eekpzmid mp zlnz }i{ lnwk n zizna igzlrkk bnzzkrmkp gir }i{r `nfkrn! idk md mz ndj zlk izlkrzui `lnrekj ndj rknj} zi ei$

Ganpl @nrjp8 Liu Anrek9

Ganpl`nrjp! napi `naakj @ifsn`zGanpl ,zlk anrekr pmxk-nrk rknjma} nwnmanbak diu {s zi nz aknpz >2< EB$ Zlk

pfnaakr PJ ndj PJL@ `nrjp nrk akpp k|skdpmwk ndjnapi ìfk md pmxkp zi >2


25/1372;


Pkdpir @akndmde

Zlmp mp zlk {eamkpz snrz ig jmemzna `nfkrn uiro b{z }i{lnwk zi ji mz$ Zlkrk nrk jmggkrkdz akwkap ig àkndmde zlkpkdpir$ Id f} Dmoid `nfkrnp M lnwk zi aiò zlk fmrrir{s! znok igg zlk akdp! ndj aiio mdpmjk$ Bklmdj ulkrkzlk fmrrir unp ,bkgirk mz unp aiòkj {s- mp zlk pkdpirulm`l mp n`z{naa} ìwkrkj b} nd NN ,Ndzm&namnpmde-Amzlm{f Dmibnzk azkr zlnz mp srkzz} zi{el ndj jikp dizp`rnz`l knpma}$ Pzmaa jimde nd}zlmde umzl zlk pkdpir nrknrk~{mrkp `nrk ndj `nd bk rknaa} dkrwk urnòmde$

Gir bkemddkrp ,ndj i``npmidnaa} gir nd} ig {p- àkndmdezlk pkdpir mp diz ida} jmg`{az b{z igzkd grn{elz umzluirr} nbi{z jnfnemde zlk `nfkrnp pkdpir$ Mz mp dig{d nz naa$ Zlk pmdeak fipz&mfsirzndz ziia gir àkndmdezlk pkdpir mp pifk un} zi odiu mg }i{ lnwk mz àknd$Zlk zrnjmzmidna un} mp zi ei i{zpmjk! simdz zlk `nfkrn)akdp nz zlk po} ndj znok n slizi$ Zlkd ekz zlk slizimfnek igg zlk `nrj! s{z mz md Sliziplis ,ir pifkulkrk-!k|sndj zlk slizi! ndj fmd{zka} mdpsk`z mz gir j{pz! ulnznrk `naakj j{pz b{ddmkp$

Zlmp mp n lirrmbak fkzlij ndj `nd znok n wkr} aidezmfk! eimde i{zpmjk ndj md! kz`$ Mz mp knp} zi pskdj ndli{r jimde zlmp mg }i{ gnma zi rkfiwk zlk j{pz }i{ `ndzpkk {pmde nd} un} k|`ksz np jkp`rmbkj nbiwk$ Zlmp mp

n pia{zmid8

Zlk bkpz fidk} M KWKR PSKDZ md rkenrj zi zlmp unp

zi b{} n BrmzkW{k ^{npnr Pkdpir Ai{sk ulm`l ìpzpn ulissmde *


26/13727


zlk pkdpir zi rkfiwk nd} j{pz snrzmàkp zlnz `nd bkrkfiwkj$ Bk p{rk zi liaj zlk `nfkrn umzl zlk akdp&liak simdzmde zi zlk eri{dj pi zlk j{pz pzmrrkj {s b} zlkbaiukr umaa inz jiud ndj i{z ig zlk `nfkrn$ Zlkd aiionenmd nz zlk pkdpir$ Mz fn} bk eidk ir mz fn} diz$ Zr}zlmp pkwkrna zmfkp$

Ndj rkfkfbkr8 kwkr} zmfk zlk fmrrir mdpmjk }i{r`nfkrn pansp jiud mz fnokp umdj zlnz baiup j{pzndj ulnz&diz naa nri{dj zlk san`k$ Zlk baiukr jikpzlk pnfk ndj ngzkr baiumde n gku zmfkp! mg zlkrk mp pzmaa

pifkzlmde zlkrk! zlkd zr} n psk`mna pkdpir br{pl ,M {pkzlk idk b} WmpmbakJ{pz! `naakj zlk Nrzm` B{zzkr}-$

Zlkpk bnzzkr}&iskrnzkj br{plkp ulmra nri{dj ndjbkìfk kak`zripznzm`naa} `lnrekj pi zlk} smò {s j{pzid ìdzn`z$ Wkr} `nrkg{aa} br{pl zlk pkdpir UMZLI[Zeimde bk}idj zlk pkdpir ndj zi{`lmde zlk pmjkp! ulm`l`nd lnwk erknpk$ Mg }i{ smò {s zlk erknpk ndj zlkdumsk mz id zlk pkdpir }i{ nrk md gir rkna sribakfp ndjfn} lnwk zi b{} n dku br{pl ir e{rk i{z liu zi àknrzlk erknpk igg zlnz br{pl$ [pmde zlk AKJ ai{sk! pkk mgzlmp jmj zlk zrmò$

Ndj zlk anpz ndj fipz p`nr} rkpirz mp zi {pk n psk`mna{mj ndj n psk`mna punb zi n`z{naa} àknd zlk pkdpirfnd{naa}$ Nenmd! M {pk punbp ndj {mj b} Wmpmbak J{pz

fnjk gir f} Dmoid `nfkrnp$ Zlmp fn} lnwk zi bk jidkrksknzkja} ndj mz mp wkr} zrmò}$ Zii amzzak {mj ndj }i{jidz ekz mz naa! zii f{`l ndj mz aknwkp n rkpmj{k$ Napijmggkrkdz z}skp ig pkdpirp znok jmggkrkdz àkndmde {mjppi bk p{rk zi `lkò id zlnz$ Zlmp mp di g{d nz naa giaop$

Mg naa ig zlk nbiwk ji diz uiro! }i{ umaa lnwk zi pkdjzlk `nfkrn bnò zi zlk fnd{gn`z{rkr$ M lnwk dkwkr lnjzi ji zlnz }kz$ Zlk nbiwk mp n wkr} ekdkrna jkp`rmszmidig zlk sri`kpp ndj mp diz jkdmzmwk$ ]i{ f{pz rkgkr zi}i{r `nfkrn fnd{na gir srk`mpk mdpzr{`zmidp$ M `nddizbk rkpsidpmbak gir krrirp }i{ fmelz fnok md nzzkfszpzi àknd }i{r pkdpir$ [pk zlk sri`kj{rkp ampzkj nbiwknz }i{r iud rmpo$ Bkgirk jimde nd}zlmde saknpk rknjzlmp k|`kaakdz nrzmàk id pkdpir àkndmde b} k|skrz

sliziernslkr Zlif Liend8lzzs8))uuu$b}zlif$ìf)àkndmde$lzf

Lndj Baiukrp

Lndj baiukrp nrk lkasg{a$ Zlk} `nd baiu j{pz iggakdpkp b{z nrk napi {pkj zi baiu j{pz igg pkdpirp$Ulkd baiumde j{pz igg pkdpirp M dj mz umpk zi fnokp{rk zi baiu i{z ulnzkwkr mp md zlk baiukr bkgirkbaiumde id zlk pkdpir akpz }i{ baiu rkpmj{na j{pz idzlk pkdpir! ulm`l M lnwk jidk$ Uirpk nrk lnmrp zlnzzkdj zi bk nzzrn`zkj zi zlk r{bbkr id pifk baiukrp ndj`nd uiro zlkfpkawkp mdpmjk zlk baiukr kdjmde {s!}i{ e{kppkj mz! id }i{r pkdpirp$


27/13725


Pzks&jiud Rmdep

Pzks&jiud rmdep naaiu }i{ zi rks{rsipk idk azkrir ndizlkr b} pzkssmde mz jiud zi z n pfnaakr akdp$Izlkrumpk }i{ dkkj nd k|skdpmwk azkr ,p{`l np nsianrmxkr- gir kn`l pmxk akdp jmnfkzkr }i{ fmelz lnwk$Z}sm`naa} zlk pfnrz fiwk mp zi b{} azkrp md zlk anrekpzpmxk ,pn} 55 ffndj zlkd {pk h{pz idk azkr umzl npkrmkp ig pzks&jiud rmdep zi z zlk rkpz ig }i{r akdpkp$

B{bbak Akwka ndj Akwkap

Gir pifk `nfkrn uiro! amok sndirnfm` lknjp! mz mpmfsirzndz zi akwka }i{r zrmsij$ Zr}mde zi akwka n zrmsij b}njh{pzmde zlk akep pkkfp amok n dkwkr&kdjmde sri`kpp$

Pifk zrmsijp lnwk n lnag&bnaa zlnz rksan`kp n ìa{fdndj `nd bk mdpzndza} njh{pzkj grif {djkrdknzl zlkzrmsij$ Zlmp mp fipza} srkpkdz md wmjki zrmsijp$

Zlkd zlkrk nrk naa omdjp ig akwkamde lknjp zlnz zbkzukkd zlk zis ig zlk zrmsij ndj }i{r `nfkrn bnpk$Zlkpk `nd bk lknw} ndj nuounrj$ M dj zlk knpmkpzun} zi akwka n `nfkrn mp b} {pmde n pzndjnrj bnaa lknjzlnz kmzlkr lnp n akwka b{maz mdzi mz ir san`k n amzzak b{bbakakwka md zlk `nfkrn liz&plik ulkrk n npl {p{naa}eikp$

Id`k }i{ lnwk nd} omdj ig akwka id n bnaa lknj mz mp`lmajp san} zi ~{mòa} akwka zlk zlmde$

AKJ Ganplamelz

Fnd} sliziernslkrp `nrr} idk ig zlipk pfnaa AKJnplamelzp amok zlipk fnjk b} Gkdm|$ M lnwk idk zlnzznokp ida} idk NN bnzzkr} ndj mp wkr} ìfsn`z$ Ndj Ms{r`lnpkj n zmd} jmgg{pkr zlnz zp id zlk kdj ig zlk akdpndj msp id nd igg$ Ulnz nrk zlkpk eiij gir9

M {pk zlkf zi ,id rnrk i``npmidp- plkj n amzzak k|zrn amelzid zlk p{bhk`z$ Nz zlipk zmfkp M umpl M lnj ndizlkr nrfndj mz mp bkpz zi liaj zlk nplamelz ~{mzk gnr bnò$ N amzzakamelz fkndp n aiz! ulm`l mp ul} M jidz ekdkrnaa} {pk nnpl$ M jidz amok zlk mdwnpmwk aiio zlnz n npl brmdep zin dnz{rna p{bhk`z$ B{z n zmd} bmz ig bnòamelz zlri{el nakng ir iukr mp lkasg{a grif zmfk zi zmfk$

[W&Gmazkrp

M amok zlk nre{fkdz8 ul} s{z n `lkns smk`k ig eanppid n *>333&jiaanr akdp$ Mz `ndz lkas b{z jkernjk zlk

skrgirfnd`k$ Naa ig zlk bkpz sri sliziernslkrp jidz{pk srisl}an`zm` azkrp! b{z M pzmaa ji$ Gir fk mz mp zlnz Mlnzk àkndmde akdpkp ir zi{`lmde zlkf nz naa$ Di fnzzkrulnz }i{ pn}! piidkr ir anzkr jmrz! j{pz! pskòp! eii mpeimde zi ekz id zlk gridz ig }i{r akdpkp$ Pi M pzmaa ,gir zlkfipz snrz- {pk [W ir àknr akdp azkrp id f} k|skdpmwkakdpkp$ M odiu M pli{ajdz! b{z M ji$

Sianrmxkrp

Sianrmxkrp nrk lkasg{a md rkfiwmde zlk plmdk ig zrkkaknwkp! zlk psk`{anr lmelamelzp id anokp! unwkrp!r{ddmde unzkr! pdiu! kz`$ M lnwk zlkf md wnr}mde pmxkp

b{z pkajif {pk zlkf$ M zkdj diz zi pliiz md zlk omdj igamelz zlnz sianrmxkrp nrk jkpmedkj gir$ M nf n pkkokr igplnjiup ndj kwkd amelz! diz brmelz amelz$

Akdp @aizlp

Akdp àizlp9 ]i{ dkkj zlkf$ Uk naa lnzk zi zi{`l i{rakdpkp ulm`l mp ul} pi fnd} ig {p {pk àknr ir [Wazkrp id kwkr} akdp$ Akz zlipk azkrp ekz jmrz}$ Uk `ndnaun}p b{} ndizlkr azkr! b{z mg uk p`rnz`l zlk akdp!zlkrk mp di rkfkj}$ Pzmaa! }i{ dkkj pifkzlmde nri{djzlnz zlipk&md&`lnrek zkaa {p mp pngk zi zi{`l zlk akdpkpumzl$ Fm`ri&bkr àizlp nrk knp} zi ìfk b} ndjwnrmi{p srij{`zp okks emwmde fk grkk idkp$ B{z liu jiM odiu zlnz id`k M lnwk {pkj zlkpk àizlp zlk} lnwk dizsmòkj {s pifk smk`k ig pndj zlnz umaa p`rnz`l zlk akdpzlk dk|z zmfk M {pk mz$ M jidz$

Zlnz mp ul} M b{} snòp ig `krzmkj akdp àkndmde zmpp{kb} Zmggkd ir Njirnfn! ndj ulnz M {pk fipz nrk `naakjSk`&Snjp ndj zlk} ìfk >33 md n snònek! kn`l :|:$


28/1372)rkp`lrz0$emg

Amelz Bi|

Mg }i{ nrk pliizmde ibhk`zp md zlk pz{jmi ndj jidzlnwk zlk b{jekz gir pifk gnd`} amelzp! h{pz smò{s n Amelz Bi| id Kbn} gir nafipz dizlmde$ Amelzbi|kp ir Pigzbi|kp nrk ìaanspmbak `{bkp fnjk i{z

ig zrndpa{`kdz ulmzk àizl md ulm`l }i{ `nd san`kulnzkwkr }i{ undz zi sliziernsl$ Zlk} jmgg{pk amelzgrif naa jmrk`zmidp ndj emwk }i{ wkr} pigz amelz zirkfiwk zlk psk`{anr lmelamelzp$ M diz ida} {pk zlkfmd zlk pz{jmi b{z M `{z zlk bizzif i{z ig zlkf ndj {pkzlkf md zlk kaj zi `{z zlk umdj$ @lkò zlkf i{z$

P`rku Jrmwkrp HMP

Fipz Hnsndkpk `nfkrn eknr jikp diz pmfsa} znoknd} iaj Slmaamsp p`rkujrmwkrp! pi znok dizk$ Zlk} {pkmdpzknj HMP Z}sk&P p`rkujrmwkrp$ ]i{ nd dj zlkfidamdk! id Kbn} ndj Nfnxid! pi zlmdo nlknj ndj smòpifk {s$

Akdp @nsp

Diz naa akdp `nsp nrk k~{na$ Kwkd pifk wkr} k|skdpmwkakdpkp ìfk umzl `rnss} `nsp$ M h{pz zlriu zlkf md njrnukr$ Ulnz }i{ dkkj mp ulnz mp `naakj Mddkr Smd`l`nsp ir h{pz smd`l `nsp$ Zlk} nrk mdk|skdpmwk ndj Mdj mz uirzlulmak zi rksan`k naa zlk `nsp zlnz jkfndj

zlnz }i{ smd`l zlk i{zkr kjekp umzl mddkr&smd`l `nsp$F{`l knpmkr zi {pk ndj okksp }i{r dekrp nun} grifzlk kjek ig zlk akdp$

X&Gmdjkr nz Xn`{zi$ìf

Mg }i{ nrk {pmde }i{r JPAR zi znok wmjki }i{ undz ziaiio mdzi ekzzmde idk ig zlk X&Gmdjkr iszm`na wmkudjkrpgrif Xn`{zi$ Zlkpk fi{dz id zlk A@J p`rkkd id zlkbnò ig }i{r Dmoid ndj z{rd mz mdzi n emndz wmkudjkr!n`z{naa} amok n `nfìrjkr$ Zlkrk nrk jmggkrkdz z}skp igzlkpk id zlk fnrokz b{z M dj zlk X&Gmdjkr zi bk zlkbkpz$ Mz emwkp fk n wkr} àknr ,ndj wkr} anrek- gi`{pmdep`rkkd$

F`@anfs! Sanfsp! ndj Nrzm`{anzkj Nrfp

Zlkrk nrk n d{fbkr ig nrzm`{anzkj nrfp nwnmanbak umzln àms ig pifk pirz id kn`l kdj zlnz ànfs idzi }i{rzrmsij ir ulnzkwkr$ Zlk} emwk }i{ nd k|zrn nrf zi liajn rkk`zir ir ulnzkwkr }i{ undz zi {pk$ Zlk sribakfumzl fipz ig zlkf mp zlk} nrk diz wkr} pzride! `krznmda}diz pzride kdi{el zi kwkd liaj n pfnaa >2&md`l jmgg{pkr{s md gridz ig n amelz ir npl$

M s{r`lnpkj bizl zlk F`@anfs ndj zlk Sanfs ndjdkmzlkr ukrk pzride kdi{el zi ji nd}zlmde uirzlulmak$M kwkd s{r`lnpkj zlk Ai`&Amdk pkefkdzp zlkpksrij{`zp nrk fnjk i{z ig ndj jkzkrfmdkj gir f}pkagzlnz zlkrk mp di rkna pzrkdezl zlkrk$ M ànfskj zlkfzi f} zrmsij! zi `lnmrp! zi biio`npkp ndj! ulmak zlk}ì{aj liaj zlkmr iud ukmelz! dizlmde M npokj zlkf ziliaj bk}idj zlnz unp lkaj umzli{z pneemde jiud$ Npfkdzmidkj! zlk pfnaakpz jmgg{pkr M lnwk mp n >2&md`l


29/1372=


ri{dj jmgg{pkr ndj kwkd zlnz unp zii lknw} zi bk lkaj{s$ Pi ulnz eiij nrk zlk}9 M lnwk di {pk gir zlkf$ B{zM ji {pk zlk Gaiukrsij naa zlk zmfk$

Naakd Urkd`lkp

Zlmdep zlnz nzzn`l zi `nfkrn bijmkp! p{`l npA&Brnòkzp! wnrmi{p zrmsij lknjp! npl k|zkdjkrp!ndj naa omdjp ig izlkr k~{msfkdz nrk gnpzkdkj b} Naakdurkd`lkp! pi lnwk n pkz! ndj naun}p `nrr} zlk idk}i{ dkkj zi zmelzkd }i{r A&Brnòkz ir ulnzkwkr md }i{rkaj omz bne$ Idk ig zlk firk {dsaknpndz k|skrmkd`kpmp bkmde zui fmakp i{z md zlk uiijp ndj lnwmde zlkA&Brnòkz! ir pifkzlmde pmfmanr! p{jjkda} ìfk aiipk$

Pz{ò GmazkrpI``npmidnaa} ulkd M p`rku md n azkr ig idk omdj irndizlkr id n akdp zlk jnrdkj zlmde ekzp pz{ò irpifkulkrk ukjekj md zlkrk$ Dizlmde mp uirpk zlnd nzmd} àipk&{s azkr umzl n pz{ò [W azkr id mz$ ]i{ `ndzekz }i{r lndjp id bizl rmdep zi ekz kdi{el akwkrnek$Urnssmde n r{bbkr bndj nri{dj kn`l emwkp }i{ pifkzrn`zmid! b{z diz naun}p kdi{el$

Idk zrmò zlnz pi gnr lnp uirokj kwkr} zmfk mp zlkgiaaiumde8 Gmdj n smk`k ig nz lnrj r{bbkr amok zlk piakig n plik$ San`k zlk pz{ò azkr nz nenmdpz zlk lnrjr{bbkr p{rgn`k ndj h{pz z{rd$ [p{naa} }i{ jidz kwkdlnwk zi nssa} f{`l pzrkdezl$ Zlk pzmò azkr h{pz ìfkprmelz igg$

P{skr Fnedkzp

]i{ jidz dkkj zlkpk [DAKPP }i{ sand zi znok nsnrz}i{r `nfkrn ir n akdp! md ulm`l `npk }i{ fmelz undzzi lnwk n gku$ Dkij}fm{f jmp` fnedkzp nrk pifkomdj ig rnrk&knrzl fnedkzp zlnz nrk p{skr pzride$ Ulnzzlk} nrk eiij gir mp nzzn`lmde zi }i{r zmd} p`rkujrmwkrpplngz pi zlnz ulkd }i{ dnaa} {dp`rku pifkzlmde! zlnzpifkzlmde umaa àmde zi zlk p`rkujrmwkr np issipkj zignaamde jkks mdpmjk ulnzkwkr }i{ nrk znomde nsnrz$ ]i{jidz undz n zkkd}&zmd} p`rku aipz pifkulkrk mdpmjk}i{r akdp$ M dkwkr zli{elz M dkkjkj zlkpk {dzma M n`z{naa}pznrzkj jmpnppkfbamde akdp snrzp zi `lndek fi{dzp ndjulnz&diz! nz ulm`l simdz zlk} pkkfkj mdjmpskdpmbak$

Zlrknjaiòkr

N skrkddmna sribakf mp zlnz zlk bnpk ig zlk bnaa lknj!ulm`l mp p`rkukj id zi zlk 0)


30/13703


Pzirmde Slizi N``kppirmkp

Id`k }i{ pznrz b{}mde `nfkrnp! akdpkp! zrmsijp! ndjulnz&diz! }i{ n``{f{anzk naa omdjp ig smk`kp ndj snrzpndj zlmdep zlnz }i{ jidz jnrk aipk$ Gir }knrp M pz{òzlkf md zlmp jrnukr ir zlnz! ndj zlkd anzkr ,ulkd zlnzunp ibwmi{pa} i{z&ig&ìdzria- M zrmkj zi pzirk zlkf kn`lumzlmd zlkmr mdjmwmj{na irmemdna snònek$ B{z ig ì{rpkM srifsza} gireiz naa nbi{z zlkf ndj dkwkr pnu zlkfnenmd$ M kwkd oksz b{}mde pifk nenmd ndj nenmd$ Zlmpunp diz uiromde$ Lkrk mp ulnz jikp uiro gir fk8

Ei zi }i{r dknrkpz Lifk Jksiz ir Aiukp ndj smò{s n gku ig zlipk `nrr}&nri{dj sanpzm` irendmxkrp nppliud lkrk$ Zlk} nrk skrgk`z$ M lnwk nz aknpz pm| igzlkf g{aa narknj} ndj zlk bkpz snrz mp M `nd n`z{naa} djpz{gg ulkd zlk dkkj ìfkp$ M pzirk kwkr}zlmde zlnz umaaz md zlkf8 urkd`lkp! znskp! àkndmde pz{gg! k}ksmk`kp!azkrp! `nsp! fnedkzp! fmrrirp! k|zrn snrzp! rkfizkp!z{bkp! k|zkdpmidp! sianrmxkrp! àipk&{s akdpkp!Zkakìdwkrzkrp! ndj ig ì{rpk pfnaa akdpkp$ M kwkdlnwk idk `npk h{pz gir npl pz{gg$

Kwkr}zlmde mp pngk ndj djnbak sa{p M `nd `nrr} zlkfnri{dj nd}ulkrk M umpl$ Mg }i{ lnwk zii fnd} pfnaasnrzp! emwk zlkpk `npkp n ei$


31/1370>


Gi`{p RnmapN gi`{pmde rnma mp ulnz fipz bkemddmde fn`ri pz{jkdzpzlmdo zlk} dkkj ulkd md gn`z zlk} ui{aj bk bkzzkr iggumzl n fn`ri akdp umzl n aidekr gi`{p zlriu$ N gi`{prnma pmzp id zlk zis ig }i{r zrmsij ndj }i{r `nfkrn bij}ndj akdp pmzp id zlk gi`{p rnma$ B} z{rdmde odibp idzlk gi`{p rnma }i{ `nd md`rkfkdznaa} fiwk zlk `nfkrn)akdp girunrj ndj bnòunrj ,pifk napi fiwk akgz ndjrmelz- b} pfnaa fiwkfkdzp$ Md izlkr uirjp }i{ rksan`kz{rdmde zlk bnrrka ig }i{r akdp umzl z{rdmde n odib idzlk gi`{p rnma$ Ndj ulmak gi`{pmde umzl zlk akdp bnrrkamp dkwkr ziznaa} srk`mpk! umzl zlk gi`{p rnma }i{ `nd bkkwkda} srk`mpk md zlk md`rkfkdz zlk `nfkrn)akdp mpfiwkj$ Zlkrk nrk kwkd siukrkj gi`{p rnmap zlnz ji mz naan{zifnzm`naa} gir }i{$

Zlkrk nrk zui fnmd z}skp ig gi`{pmde rnmap! idkp zlnzfiwk ida} girunrj ndj bnòunrj ndj zlipk zlnz mdnjjmzmid fiwk grif pmjk&zi&pmjk! md izlkr uirjp zui&un} ndj gi{r&un}$ M nf diz nd k|skrz umzl gi`{pmdernmap$ M lnwk gi{r ig zlkf b{z pkajif {pk zlkf$ Mg }i{nrk mdzi slizifmìp`ris} ,fm`ripìsm` gi`{p pznòmde-}i{ dkkj n gi`{p rnma$ Skrmij$ Mg }i{ nrk n àipk&{s irn fn`ri sliziernslkr }i{ sribnba} jidz rknaa} dkkjidk$

Lkrk mp ulnz M odiu nbi{z zlkpk rnmap8 Mg }i{ nrk ndnz{rk sliziernslkr md zlk kaj zlkd zlk} nrk idkfirk zlmde ,ndj ukmelz- zi a{e nri{dj$ M umaa poms iwkrlkrk! zlk kdjakpp id&amdk jkbnzk nbi{z zlk jmggkrkd`k

md pznòkj an}krp ibznmdkj b} fiwmde zlk akdp bnrrkaulmak zlk `nfkrn pzn}p |kj ,pzndjnrj sliziernsl}-!ìfsnrkj zi fiwmde bizl zlk `nfkrn ndj akdp npidk smk`k ,gi`{p rnmap-$ Fiwmde zlk akdp `lndekp }i{rfnedm`nzmid ulmak {pmde zlk gi`{p rnma `lndekp }i{rskrpsk`zmwk$ Bizl fkzlijp pkkf zi uiro dk grif f}zkpzp nazli{el zlkrk nrk pamelz jmggkrkd`kp md rkp{azp b{zdidk M `nrk nbi{z$

Ndj fipz ig zlk gi`{p rnmap id zlk fnrokz! snrjid f}Grkd`l! rknaa} p{ò$ M lisk }i{ pskno Grkd`l$ Zlkrknrk eibp ig zlkf id Kbn} ndj kapkulkrk id pnak girdk|z zi dizlmde ,ir gir n aiz- ndj fipz ig zlkf! kwkdbrndj dnfkp! nrk zkrrmbak$ Gi`{pmde rnmap nrk idk igzlk gku smk`kp ig k~{msfkdz zlnz sn}mde firk fidk}gir umaa diz dk`kppnrma} ekz }i{ n bkzzkr srij{`z$ M nf

diz eimde zi ekz mdzi zrnplmde zlkf brndj b} brndj

b{z mg }i{ rknj zlk ukb `nrkg{aa}! {pkr rkwmkup umaa zkaa}i{ naa }i{ dkkj zi odiu$ Bizl zlk RPP ndj Omro rnmapnrk ri{zmdka} zrnplkj b} `rmzm`p$ Fnd} gi`{p rnmap nrk`lknsa} fnjk! fiwk md n hkro&amok fnddkr ,ulm`l mp h{pzdiz ziakrnbak kwkd mg mz uirop-! nrk zui amelzukmelz! ndjid ndj id$

M iud gi{r ig zlkf! zlrkk ig ulm`l nrk sm`z{rkj lkrk!mdà{jmde zlk f{`l nssan{jkj Diwik| Fmdm @npzkagi`{pmde rnma ,dkukr fijka-! ndj Wkabid P{skr Pamjkrfn`ri rnma$ Zlk Wkabid mp diz n ~{namz} smk`k ig uiro

ndj zlk Diwik| mp zii amelzukmelz MFI zi ~{namg}$ Zlkida} gi`{p rnma zlnz M lnwk amokj ,ndj iud- mp zlk Fmdiaznrnma$ Mz mp rknaa} lknw}! uirop pfiizla}! ndj mp n saknp{rkzi lnwk ndj iud$ Zlk} z{rd {s id Kbn} gnmra} igzkd ndj`nd bk lnj gir n rknpidnbak srm`k$ B{z bkgirk }i{ r{di{z ndj b{} idk! ìdpmjkr zlmp8

Gi`{p rnmap nrk diz n `{rk&naa gir nd}zlmde$ [dakpp }i{nrk sliziernslmde ndekap id zlk lknj ig n smd }i{sribnba} jidz dkkj idk$ Ulnz }i{ fn} dkkj mp pmfsa}n fn`ri akdp umzl n aide ir aidempl gi`{p zlriu$ Lnwmden aide gi`{p zlriu amok zlk @ipmdn)Wimezandjkr >2;ffg)2$; NSI akdp ir zlk Akm`n >33ff g)2$< NSI KafnrmzR akdp mp amok lnwmde n akdp umzl n b{maz&md rnma$ Bizl igzlkpk akdpkp lnwk n wkr} aide gi`{p zlriu$ Kwkd zlkDmoid >3;ff fn`ri WR lnp n gi`{p zlriu zlnz mp aidekdi{el$

Akdpkp umzl n aide gi`{p zlriu naaiu }i{ zimd`rkfkdznaa} fiwk zlk akdp b} grn`zmidp ig nfiwkfkdz! ulmak plnrskr akdpkp amok zlk @inpzna Iszm`p73ff g): NSI akdp lnwk p{`l n plirz gi`{p zlriu zlnzzlk} nrk rknaa} ida} {pkg{a id n gi`{pmde rnma gir wkr}àipk uiro$

Fmdiazn Gi`{pmde Rnma

Wkabid P{skr Fne Pamjkr

Diwik| Fmdm @npzka Rnma


32/13702


Zlk Umdj mp Di Grmkdj zi Fn`ri Uiro

Fm`lmend mp! gir zlk fipz snrz! h{pz nz! bk`n{pk zlkean`mkrp fiwkj n`ripp mz amok n pdiu saiu ,un} bnòzlkd- ndj p`rnskj mz nz$ Umzl dizlmde zi pzis mz! amokfi{dznmdp ndj wnaak}p! uk lnwk umdj ndj firk igzkdzlnd diz$

Umdj mp n sribakf gir nd} fn`ri sliziernslkr! b{z nf{`l erknzkr sribakf mg }i{ nrk zr}mde zi pznò slizip!pmd`k kwkd n zmd} fiwkfkdz rkp{azp md lnaip ndj izlkr

nrzmgn`zp$ Zlk sriwkrbmna njwm`k gir pliizmde md umdj mp8kmzlkr jidz pliiz nz naa! ir! bk snzmkdz ndj unmz gir n a{aa$

Zlmp mp eiij njwm`k k|`ksz ulkrk }i{ dkkj zi pliizwk ir zkd slizip kn`l nz n jmggkrkdz gi`na simdz$ Ulnzlnsskdp mp zlnz }i{ ekz zui ir zlrkk plizp igg ndj zlkumdj fiwkp zlk p{bhk`z ,ir snrzp ig zlk p{bhk`z- n zmd}bmz$ ]i{ jidz kwkd pkk mz bk`n{pk }i{ lnwk }i{r k}k zizlk wmkudjkr! }i{r lndj gi`{pmde! ndj }i{r fmdj b{p}ìirjmdnzmde mz naa$

Mz n`z{naa} mp uirpk zlnd zlmp$ Zlk umdj jikpdz {p{naa}h{pz fiwk idk banjk ig ernpp ir ulnzkwkr$ Mz fiwkp naaomdjp ig zlmdep kwkr pi pamelza}! igzkd zii p{bzak gir }i{zi kwkd `nz`l! b{z diz zii p{bzak gir }i{r akdp zi `nz`l$Zlk rkp{az mp zlnz naa omdjp ig pz{gg fiwkp nri{dj$

Ulkrk }i{ e{rk zlmp i{z mp bnò lifk id zlkìfs{zkr ulmak sri`kppmde zlk pznòp$ Slizi ngzkrslizi lnp pifk fiwkfkdz nu ir naa omdjp ig amzzakumdj&ekdkrnzkj nrzmgn`zp$ Pifk `nd bk |kj mdSliziplis! b{z n aiz nrk diz uirzl |mde {dakpp }i{ amokbkmde n slizi&zi{`l{s nrzmpz gir li{rp nz n zmfk$

Zi fnok zlmdep uirpk! mg }i{ nrk pliizmde pknpidnaiukrp zlk pknpid jikp diz unmz gir zlk umdj zi jmkjiud$ Fnd} iukrp nrk md ndj eidk md n gku jn}p$ Uk`nd p`lkj{ak zmfk gir pliizmde! b{z uk `ndz ìdzria zlkumdj ulm`l pifkzmfkp mp pzride kdi{el zi okks naa igzlk sandzp jnd`mde gir jn}p nz n zmfk$ Ulnz zi ji9

Idk zlmde uk `nd ji ,nazli{el diz gi`{p pznòmde- mph{pz {pk n lmelkr pl{zzkr pskkj ,idk zlnz pzisp fizmid-ndj h{pz pliiz zrnjmzmidna idk&pliz slizip umzl np f{`ljkszl ig kaj np uk `nd s{pl zlk nskrz{rk$ Zlkrk mpnaun}p zlnz$ Ir! mg }i{ nrk pliizmde pifkzlmde amok ndkdzmrk iukr zlnz fiwkp paiua} md zlk umdj ndj `nds{pl zlk pl{zzkr pskkj {s pi zlnz zlk uliak iukr mp`n{elz! PIFK pznòp umaa uiro bk`n{pk Sliziplisumaa named zlk uliak iukr! pliz b} pliz$ Nazli{el zlmpnssrin`l pifkzmfkp uirop! mz pkajif uirop ukaa ndjmp lnrja} uirzl zlk kggirz$

Ndizlkr zlmde M lnwk zrmkj mp zi fnok amzzak pznokp ndjpzrmde amzzak sndkap ig àizl id zlkf md nd nzzkfsz zi pziszlk umdj grif ìfmde md$ M kwkd bi{elz pifk pfnaaìaanspmbak `nr ndzkddnk! pi zlk uliak zlmde ì{aj bksirznbak! b{z zlk umdj `nfk md grif nbiwk! ir grif

nd}ulkrk kapk zlnz unp diz ìwkrkj! ndj jmj mzp zlmde!pi zlmp unp diz n pnzmpg}mde pia{zmid$ Gir rknaa} eiijpznòkj slizip ig wkr} pfnaa iukrp umdj mp srkzz}f{`l n jkna brknokr$

Zlkrk mp nd mdk|skdpmwk un} i{z ig zlmp! nazli{el mz mp nrkna SMZN zi ln{a nri{dj ndj zlnz mp8 n Amelz Zkdz$ AmelzZkdzp nrk k|sndjnbak {bkp ig zrndpa{`kdz fnzkrmnazlnz nrk {pkj gir srij{`z sliziernsl}$

Zlk} jmgg{pk amelz iwkr ulnzkwkr mp mdpmjk zlk `{bk NDJzlk} pzis umdj$ Zlkpk amelz zkdzp nrk naa iwkr Kbn}! ndj}i{ `nd ekz n 2: ir 03 Amelz Zkdz gir nri{dj *03$]i{ umaa lnwk zi `{z zlk bizzif ig idk ig zlk nz pmjkpi{z ig zlk zkdz gir mz zi bk {pkj i{zjiirp! ndj rkpmed zijkjm`nzk zlk zkdz gir kaj uiro pmd`k mz mp eimde zi ekzjmdekj ndj pf{jek di fnzzkr liu `nrkg{a }i{ nrk$

Pmfsa} san`k zlk zkdz iwkr zlk nrkn id zlk eri{djulkrk zlk iukrp nrk ndj pznrz pliizmde$ Zlk zkdzpkwkd ìfk umzl n Wka`ri ìwkr gir zlk gridz ,umzl npamz gir zlk `nfkrn akdp- mg zlk umdj mp zr}mde zi ekz mdzlk gridz jmrk`zmid! pi }i{ lnwk wk pmjkp zlnz nrkàipkj ndj idk pmjk ,zlk bizzif- zlnz mp iskd$ Zlkpkamelz zkdzp uiro erknz gir eri{dj uiro sriwmjkj }i{rkpmed }i{rpkag zi `nrzmde zlkf nri{dj md zlk uiijp! mdnjjmzmid zi }i{r zrmsij! `nfkrn! akdpkp! ndj ulnz&diz$B{z zlmp mp n rkna pia{zmid uirzl zr}mde mg }i{ rknaa} undzzlipk eiij pznòkj slizip$

M kwkd lnj f} jn{elzkr pku n pomrz id zlk bizzif igzlk amelz zkdz pi zlnz M ì{aj gknzlkr mz i{z zi g{rzlkr pzisumdj grif ìfmde md grif zlk bizzif$

Amelz ZkdzpId zlk dk|z snek mp nd mdk|skdpmwk Amelz Zkdz zlnz Mlnwk `{z zlk bizzif ,`{z id idk ig zlk nz pmjkp- i{zig$ M zlkd san`k zlk amelz zkdz iwkr zlk p{bhk`z! np }i{`nd pkk$ Lkrk zlk p{bhk`z mp zlk F{aakmd sandz$ Md zlmpslizi M lnwk snrzmnaa} bkdz zlk jkzn`lnbak ,wka`ri- gridzsndka bnò! pi zlnz }i{ `nd pkk mdzi zlk zkdz$ M {p{naa}h{pz siok zlk `nfkrn akdp zlri{el zlk pamz md zlk gridz irs{aa bnò zlk wka`ri grif zlk zis ndj pliiz jiudunrjgrif zlkrk$ Zlmp mp f} pfnaakr zkdz$ M napi lnwk n : zrmsij!umzl n Fnromdp ^0 bnaa lknj! ndj n Dmoid F@&03rkfizk pl{zzkr rkaknpk$ Zlkpk ndj zlk giaaiumde plizpnrk omdj ig paiss}! bk`n{pk M unp elzmde rnmd zlnz unpida} fmd{zkp nun}$


33/13700


Amelz Zkdzp md zlk Gmkaj

Amelz Zkdzp giaj {s nz ir `nd bk zumpzkj mdzi n pfnaari{dj snònek b{z np }i{ ekz zi zlk anrekr pmxkp mzbkìfkp firk jmg`{az zi zumpz zlkf mdzi zlkmr pfnaakpz

girf$ Akzp gn`k mz! amelz zkdzp nrk n lnppak zi jrnenri{dj b{z mg }i{ amwk md nd nrkn ulkrk umdj mp zlkjkgn{az ndj diz zlk k|`kszmid! amok Fm`lmend }i{r`lim`k mp kmzlkr unmzmde n aide zmfk gir zlk `lnd`k zifnok n pznòkj slizi ir {pmde n amelz zkdz$ Ndj M fkndn aide zmfk$

Np fkdzmidkj knramkr! znomde n zrnjmzmidna idk&plizslizi mp diz zii f{`l ig n sribakf md umdj$ H{pzs{pl {s zlk pl{zzkr pskkj ir aiukr zlk nskrz{rk! irbizl$ Girekz nbi{z ekzzmde n pznòkj slizi zlnz jn}$Liukwkr! mg }i{ pznò slizip zlkd umdj umaa pkajif akz}i{ ekz firk zlnd n ì{sak ig plizp igg bkgirk mz pznrzpzi fiwk zlmdep nri{dj umzlmd zlk grnfk$

Kwkd umzl n amelz zkdz }i{ lnwk umdj$ Mz `rkksp mdzlri{el zlk bizzif ig zlk zkdz! nazli{el {pmde n ì{sakig riòp ir anrek pzmòp zi ukmel jiud zlk pmjkp `ndakppkd mz n bmz$ Pzmaa! mg zlk umdj mp {s ndj zlk iukr ,irulnzkwkr- mp jkam`nzk ndj id nd nzzkd{nzkj pzkf! }i{nrk eimde zi dj fiwkfkdz ndj pzmaa bk unmzmde girzlk umdj zi jmk jiud! nazli{el amelz zkdzp erknza} `ndpskkj {s nd i{zmde! naaiumde }i{ zi ekz fnd} firkslizip id n umdj} jn}$

M lnwk 2: ndj :


34/1370:

@aipk&{s ndj Fn`ri Sliziernsl}amok n `nrr}mde `npk$ M zlkd ukdz zi Una&Fnrz ndj smòkji{z n pifkulnz plkkr gnbrm` zlnz akzp n aiz firk ig amelzzlri{el zlnd zlk irmemdna jmgg{pkr sndka$ Pmao p`rkkdfnzkrmna napi mp skrgk`z$

M pzrkz`lkj zlmp dku gnbrm` iwkr zlk iskd jmgg{pkr ndj,zkfsirnrma}- ànfskj mz md san`k$ M zlkd lnj f} jn{elzkr,M `ndz pku- pku nri{dj zlk rmf! |mde zlk dku gnbrm`$Zlkd! umzl zlk dku gnbrm` rfa} pkukj id! M `nrkg{aa}`{z i{z zlk irmemdna zrndpa{`kdz sndka$ Zlk rkp{az mp njmgg{pmde sndka zlnz mp n`z{naa} lkasg{a md fnd} pmz{nzmidp$Mz giajp {s ndj zp md f} ìnz siòkz ir zlk amzzak ri{dj

bne mz `nfk md$ M napi pz{gg mz md n liapzkr&z}sk `nfkrn bneulm`l liajp mz umzli{z nd} njjmzmidna pakkwk ndj sis mzi{z ulkdkwkr M dkkj mz$ Mz p`rkkdp ndj pigzkdp zlk amelzpi M jidz lnwk eanrmde snz`lkp ig p{d zlnz baiu i{z zlklmelamelzp$ M sris mz {s pifkliu! b} nd} fkndp M `nd &pzmòp! liajmde mz! lndemde mz grif mzp idk aiis grif f}zrmsij! kz`$ Zlmp jmgg{pkr n`zp np n azkr zi brmde jiud zlkamelz zi n fndneknbak akwka$

Id zlk zis akgz mp zlk akekdjnr} Xkmpp >33ff g$2$< fn`riakdp$

Id zlk bizzif akgz mp zlk ,pli{aj bk- akekdjnr} Xkmpp ;3

g)2$< fn`ri akdp$Bizl akdpkp nrk wkr} plnrs$ Pmd`k M lnwk n d{fbkr igfn`ri akdpkp md zlk >33ff rndek! b{z didk nz ;3ff! Mdj zlk Xkmpp ;3ff fn`ri wkr} {pkg{a ndj srk`mpk$


35/1370;


Gi`{p Pznòmde8 Zlk Eiij! zlk Bnj! ndj zlk [ea}

Zlk giaaiumde pm| zui&snek psrknjp umaa rknaa} akz }i{odiu ulkzlkr }i{ undz zi san} nri{dj umzl gi`{ppznòmde ir diz$ Eimde md! }i{ pli{aj odiu {sgridzulnz zlk njwndznekp ndj jmpnjwndznekp ig gi`{ppznòmde nrk$

Nd} pznòkj slizi! md snrzm`{an

close-up and macro photography - a primer - book one

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