clostridium botulinum
DESCRIPTION
Clostridium botulinum. By: Ellie McCarthy AP Biology – Period 1&2. Scientific Classification. Domain : Bacteria Kingdom : Bacteria Division : Firmicutes Class : Clostridia Order : Clostridiales Family : Clostridiaceae Genus : Clostridium Species : C. botulinum - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
By: Ellie McCarthyAP Biology – Period 1&2
Clostridium botulinum
Scientific ClassificationDomain: BacteriaKingdom: BacteriaDivision: FirmicutesClass: ClostridiaOrder: ClostridialesFamily: ClostridiaceaeGenus: ClostridiumSpecies: C. botulinum
Binomial name: Clostridium botulinum
CharacteristicsGram positiveShape: rod (bacilli)Obligate anaerobe
(chemautotroph)Found in soilForm in coloniesMotile
Unique Structural FeaturesProduces oval,
subterminal endosporesCan survive in most
environments and are very hard to kill
Produces botulinum neurotoxins types A-GCalled botulinExtremely toxicTypes A, B, E and F
affect humansTypes C and D affect
animalsType G is unknown
Disease Causes the disease botulism Results from the ingestion of the
neurotoxin (exotoxin) botulin released by C. botulinum while growing on food Endospores frequently found in
honey Neurotoxins are absorbed into
blood stream, affecting the nervous system by preventing the release of aceytlcholine
Symptoms usually begin between 12 and 72 hours after ingestion
Lasts from 1 to 10 days If not caught early and treated
properly, death results
Nausea Vomiting Fatigue Dizziness Double vision Drooping eyelids Slurred speech Difficulty swallowing Dryness of skin, mouth, and throat No fever Muscle weakness Flaccid paralysis
Starts with eyes and face, then progresses downward
Eventual asphyxia (death)
Health-Related IssuesSymptoms
Treatment Antibiotics ineffective,
antitoxins more effective Stop exotoxins in the
bloodstream from further affecting the nervous system
Supportive treatment in an intensive care ward Ventilation may be needed in
cases of respiratory failure Recovery takes weeks because
nerve endings must rejuvenate
Food-borne botulism Most common Contamination of agricultural
products and seafood Under-processed canned foods or
can leakage Incorrectly home-canned foods
Wound botulism Occurs when C. botulinum cells
affect an open wound Exotoxins travel to the bloodstream
and then affect the nervous system Infant botulism
Rare Symptoms often take weeks to
occur Presents with constipation, tiredness
and inability to feed, followed by respiratory failure
Health-Related Issues (cont.)Types
1895 – First recognized and isolated by Emile van Ermengem 1928 – P. Tessemer Snipe and Hermann Sommer able to
purify the botulism toxin1960s – Alan Scott and Edward Schantz began experimenting
with botulism toxin type A (BTX-A) for therapeutic purposes Cosmetically – used in Botox and other cosmetic formulas to
treat frown lines and wrinkles Therapeutically – muscle pain disorders, upper motor neuron
syndrome, blepharospasm, strabismus and hemifacial spasm
Historical Significance
Ecolab. Clostridium botulinum . 30 September 2003. 2 February 2011 <http://www.ecolab.com/PublicHealth/Cbotulinum.asp>.
Maricopa Community College. "Chapter 13: Disease Transmission & Pathogenesis." n.d. Biology. 2 February 2011
<http://www.pc.maricopa.edu/Biology/rcotter/BIO%20205/LessonBuilders/Chapter%2013LB/Ch13LessonBuilder_print.html>.
Marler, Bill. "Clostridium botulinum." 23 November 2010. Botulism Blog. 2 February 2011.
<http://www.botulismblog.com/botulism-information-1/clostridium-botulinum/>.
Schenectady County Community College. "Clostridium botulinum." n.d. Education that Works. 2 February 2011
<http://www.sunysccc.edu/academic/mst/microbes/36cbotu.htm>.
Wikipedia. 2 February 2011. 2 February 2011 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_botulinum>.
Works Cited
Arsenault, Richard J. "Infant Botulism and Honey." 18 January 2010. NBA Food Advocate. 2 February 2011 <http://www.nbafoodadvocate.com/infant-botulinum-and-honey-2803>.
Cedar Crest College. "Clostridium botulinum." n.d. 2 February 2011 <http://www2.cedarcrest.edu/academic/bio/hale/bioT_EID/lectures/botulinum.html>.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library. "File:Clostridium botulinum 01.png." 23 February 2006. wikipedia.org. 2 February 2011 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Clostridium_botulinum_01.png>.
Keith R. Schneider, Mickey E. Parish, and Renée M. Goodrich. "Clostridium botulinum." 29 October 2010. U. Ill. Food Safety. 2 February 2011 <http://www.extension.org/pages/Clostridium_botulinum>.
Lietz, Jessica. "Clostridium Botulinim Symptoms." 20 November 2009. ehow.com. 2 February 2011 <http://www.ehow.com/facts_5670419_clostridium-botulinim-symptoms.html>.
Maricopa Community College. Chapter 13: Disease Transmission & Pathogenesis. n.d. 2 February 2011 <http://www.pc.maricopa.edu/Biology/rcotter/BIO%20205/LessonBuilders/Chapter%2013LB /Ch13LessonBuilder_print.html>.
Marler, Bill. Clostridium botulinum. 23 November 2010. 2 February 2011 <http://www.botulismblog.com/botulism-information-1/clostridium-botulinum/>.
Matthews, L. "Treating Whiplash with Botox." 17 November 2010. PainNeck.com. 2 February 2011 <http://www.painneck.com/blog/treating-whiplash-botox/>.
Images Cited
N.P.K. "Clostridium bolutinum Giant Microbe ." 2 January 2008. Giant Microbes. 2 February 2011 <http://www.giantmicrobes.com/forum/showthread.php?t=6053>.
Schenectady County Community College. Clostridium botulinum. n.d. 2 February 2011 <http://www.sunysccc.edu/academic/mst/microbes/36cbotu.htm>.
Science Channel. "Top 10 Infectious Diseases." 2009 12 December. Science Discovery. 2 February 2011 <http://science.discovery.com/top-ten/2009/infectious-
diseases/infectious-diseases-08.html>. Science Photo Library. "Clostridium botulinum bacteria." 1999. Science Photo Library. 2
February 2011 <http://www.sciencephoto.com/images/download_lo_res.html?id=662201272>.
Science Photo Library. "Clostridium botulinum bacteria." 1999. Science Photo Library. 2 February 2011 <http://www.sciencephoto.com/images/download_lo_res.html?
id=662201273>. Strandwitz, Phil. "Infant Botulism." 17 April 2008. Botulism. 2 February 2011
<http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/strandwi_phil/new_page_1.htm>. Wikimedia Commons. "File:Botulism1and2.JPG." 27 October 2010. Wikimedia Commons.
2 February 2011 <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Botulism1and2.JPG>. Wikipedia. Botulinum Toxin. 24 January 2011. 2 February 2011
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulinum_toxin>.
Images Cited (cont.)