cloud computing
TRANSCRIPT
Cloud Computing Techniques for Simulation Models and Mapping Systems
Tilani Gunawardena
RoadMap
• Introduction • Experiences/Models• Research Work
What is Cloud
• “Cloud” is actually a metaphor for the Internet
Cloud Computing• Cloud computing is the use of computing resources
(hardware and software) that are delivered as a service over a network -wikipedia
• Provides :variety of computing resources all delivered over the Internet.
– Servers– Storage – Applications(email, communication, games)
• Delivers a hosting environment that is immediate, flexible, scalable, secure, and available while saving corporations money, time and resources.
Comparison• Grid computing: A form of distributed Computing
– Cluster of loosly coupled, networked computers acting in concert to perform large tasks
• Utility computing: The packaging of computing resources, such as computation and storage, as a metered service similar to a traditional public utility such as electricity
• Autonomic computing :computer systems capable of self-management
• Data Centre Clusters• High Performance Computing• Web Services : communication between two electronic devices
over the world wide web
Characteristics of Cloud Computing• Scalability: Upgrades and changes to the
services are done instantaneously and easily enabling the cloud computing service to be resilient
• Agility: As a shared resource, the cloud provides flexible, automated management to distribute the computing resources among the cloud’s users.
• Reliability & Fault Tolerance• Service oriented• Utility based
Characteristics of Cloud Computing
• Security: Security is often as good as or better than under traditional systems
• Application Programming Interface: API accessibility to software that enables machines to interact with cloud software
• Cost: Cost is greatly reduced • Device and location Independence• On demand service
Why Cloud ComputingAnalogy:
”If you only need milk, would you buy a cow? “
• Yahoo email, Gmail, or Hotmail• The server and email management software is all on the cloud ( internet) and is totally
managed by the cloud service provider Yahoo , Google
software /hardwaresending emails
• In Business View: When it’s smarter to rent than to buy…..
• Techie’ s View: It offers the ability to access softwares or information that can be delivered on-demand, over the internet, without the need to store it locally……
• Cloud Computing Provides all the infrastructure needed to run applications over the Internet
• Cloud computing can do everything………. or only some things if you don't need everything.
Layers of Cloud Computing
• Clients• Services• Application• Platform• Storage• Infrastructure
Client• Consists of computer hardware and/or computer software
which relies on cloud computing for application delivery, or which is specifically designed for delivery of cloud services and which, in either case, is essentially useless without it. – Mobile (Android, iPhone, Windows Mobile) – Web browser (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox)– Operating Systems– Computers
ApplicationCloud application services or “Software as a Service (SaaS)” deliver software as a service over the Internet, eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer’s own computers and simplifying maintenance and support.• CRM• Email• Virtual Desktop• Communication• Games
Infrastructure• Cloud infrastructure, such as Infrastructure as
a service, is the delivery of computer infrastructure, typically a platform virtualization environment, as a service.
Platform• A cloud platform, such as Platform as a service, the
delivery of a computing platform, and/or solution stack as a service, facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers. – Web application frameworks
o Python Django (Google App Engine) o Ruby on Rails (Heroku) o .NET (Azure Services Platform) – Web hosting (Rackspace) – Force.com
Services• A cloud service includes "products, services and solutions that are
delivered and consumed in real-time over the Internet". For example, Web Services ("software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network") which may be accessed by other cloud computing components, software, e.g., Software plus service, or end users directly.
• Identity (OAuth, OpenID) • Integration (Amazon Simple Queue Service) • Payments (Amazon Flexible Payments Service, Google Checkout, PayPal) • Mapping (Google Maps, Yahoo! Maps) • Search (Alexa, Google Custom Search, Yahoo! BOSS) • Others (Amazon Mechanical Turk)
Storage
• Database (Amazon SimpleDB, Google App Engine's BigTable datastore)
• Network attached storage (MobileMe iDisk, Nirvanix ,CloudNAS)
• Synchronization (Live Mesh Live Desktop component, MobileMe push functions)
• Web service (Amazon Simple Storage Service, Nirvanix SDN)
Popular Clouds Storages
• Amazon s3 • Google Docs• Apple iCloud• DropBox• SkyDrive• Box• SugarSync
Cloud Anatomy
IaaS• IaaS is the delivery of technology infrastructure as an on
demand scalable service • The IaaS layer extends the virtualization layer by providing
the mechanisms to provision and control the virtual machines in a utility computing manner.
• The end user is able to control cost by knowing exactly how much each virtual machine instance costs per minute/hour.
– Usually billed based on usage– Usually multi tenant virtualized environment
PaaS• PAAS(Platform as a service) • Platform as a service, another SAAS, this kind of cloud computing
providing development environment as a service. You can use the middleman’s equipment to develop your own program and transfer it to the users through internet and servers.
• PaaS provides all of the facilities required to support the complete life cycle of building and delivering web applications and services entirely from the Internet.
– Typically applications must be developed with a particular platform in mind
– Multi tenant environments– Highly scalable multi tier architecture
SaaS• This kind of cloud computing transfer programs to millions of users through
browser • user’s views,: this can save some cost on servers and software. • In the provider’s views, they only need to maintain one program, this can also
save cost– Ex: Salesforce.com ,Google Apps and Zoho Office are also providing this kind of
service
• SaaS is a software delivery methodology that provides licensed multi-tenant access to software and its functions remotely as a Web-based service.
– Usually billed based on usage– Usually multi tenant environment– Highly scalable architecture
Type of Services: Location of the cloud
• Public clouds• Private clouds• Community clouds• Hybrid clouds
Public clouds
• Resources are dynamically provisioned on an on-demand, self-service basis over the Internet, via web applications/web services, open API, from a third-party provider who bills on a utility computing basis.
• These services are free or offered on a pay-per-use model.
Ex: Amazon AWS ,Microsoft and Google own and operate the infrastructure and offer access only via Internet.(direct connectivity is not offered)
Private clouds
• Private cloud is cloud infrastructure operated solely for a single organization, whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally
• Ex: IBM, HP, Microsoft
Community clouds
• A community cloud is formed when several organizations with similar requirements share common infrastructure. Costs are spread over fewer users than a public cloud but more than a single tenant.
• Ex: All Government organizations within the state of California may share computing infrastructure on the cloud to manage data related to citizens residing in California.
Hybrid clouds • A hybrid cloud environment consists of some
portion of computing resources on-site (on premise) and off-site (public cloud).
Best Cloud Computing companies 2012
• Google –SaaS,PaaS• Amazon-IaaS– Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) – Simple Storage Service(S3)
• Microsoft Azure Service Platform-PaaS
Amazon Cloud • Amazon cloud called AWS is a collection of remote
computing services (web services) that together make up a cloud computing platform, offered over the Internet by Amazon.com. – Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) :provides resizable
compute capacity in the cloud – Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) :Online storage web
service – Amazon SimpleDB :Web service providing the core
database functions of data indexing and querying in the cloud
Microsoft • Windows Azure :is a platform for running
Windows applications and storing their data in the cloud
• Microsoft Dynamics CRM Online • Microsoft Office 365 • Microsoft Private Cloud
• Google App Engine :creates apps on Google’s platform that are easy to manage and scale
• Google Compute Engine • Google BigQuery :Analyze Big Data in the
cloud• Google Cloud Storage
Cloud Computing techniques Within Google
• GFS: Data storage technology • BigTable: Data management technology • Map Reduce: Programming model and task
scheduling model
Applications
• Practically limitless
• With the right middleware, a cloud computing system could execute all the programs a normal computer could run.
• Everything from generic word processing software to customized computer programs designed for a specific company could work on a cloud computing system
Cloud Computing for Research Community
• For research groups cloud computing can provide convenient access to reliable, high performance clusters, without the need to purchase and maintain or even understand sophisticated hardware and high performance computational methods.
Large Scale Data Analysis on Cloud Systems
• Cloud systems can be effectively exploited for this purpose as they provide scalable storage and processing services, together with software platforms for developing and running data analysis environments– Scalable Storage– Computing facilities
• The Google File System (GFS) and Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) are two examples of proven approaches to creating distributed highly fault tolerant massive storage systems.
What does the cloud allow us to do that we could not do before?
• Compute- intensive problems– large-scale image processing, – sensor data correlation, – social network analysis, – encryption/decryption, – data mining, – simulations, – pattern recognition, are strong examples of problems that can be solved in the cloud computing domain.
• Pay-as-you-go basis: 1000 computers used for 1 hour costs the same as one computer used for 1000 hours. If your problem can be computed in a way that takes advantage of parallel processing, you can now get the answer 1000 times as fast for the same amount of money.
• Embarrassingly parallel: Cloud computing works best when a problem can be broken down into a large number of relatively independent tasks, each running on its own computer.
Using the Cloud for Simulation and Analysis
Simulations and Analysis Via Cloud
Autodesk Simulation 360
• Engineering simulation• Predict, optimize, and validate design decisions
with proven simulation technology• Better manage your simulation workflow and
workload• Run and access simulations anywhere, anytime• Reduce costs with minimal hardware
investments and pay-as-you-go software
NEEShub tools: OpenSees in the Clouds
• OpenSees is a software framework for simulating the seismic response of structural and geotechnical systems.
• It is the computational platform for research in performance-based earthquake engineering at PEER
• Version 2.2.2 now available with over 80 material types, 30 element types, 20 integration schemes, 15 numerical solvers, 10 solution algorithms
• Steel Building Study :– 7200 records ,2 min a record ,240 hours or 10 days ,Ran on
2000 processorson teragrid in less than 15 min
• Concrete Building Study: – 113 records, 4 intensities ,3 hour a record, would have taken
1356 hours or 56.5 days Ran on 452 processors of a Teragrid in less than 5 hours.
CUDA in the Cloud
• CUDA is a parallel computing platform and programming model invented by NVIDIA.
• It enables dramatic increases in computing performance by harnessing the power of the graphics-processing unit (GPU). – Peer1: Is a long-established hosting company with data
centers across the U.S., in Canada, and Europe. – Hoopoe:is an Israel-based project designed to build cloud-
based GPU computing systems based on Tesla GPUs– Amazon EC2: Supports GPU clusters using CUDA
programming.
Benefits of Cloud Computing
• Eliminate expense of acquiring, managing and operating hardware• Elastic computing Pay-as-you-go model /Reduced cost• More Storage• There will never be a worry about running out of disk space• Automatically Updated• Shared Resources• No software needs to be installed, saving time and money • Enable services to be used without understanding their infrastructure• The cloud service providers will supply all the Backup and Recovery
facilities• Mobility
Risk of Cloud Computing• In July 2008, Amazon’s S3 cloud storage service went down for the
second time that year. A lot of applications were hosted by the company and all those services could not be accesses until techs cloud fix the problem. Some applications were down for eight hours.
• Data: Sometimes it is more difficult to integrate your applications if they are geographically dispersed. That it is easier to manage and access your data if it is nearby, and not under someone else’s control.
• You do not have control over the remote servers, their software, or their Security
• Your data is at the mercy of a third-party company • Additional cost of data transfer fees • It may be difficult to migrate massive amounts of data from the provider
Conclusions• Cloud computing is still struggling in its infancy with negative and positive
Comments.• cloud computing is rapidly emerging as a viable alternative to traditional
approaches • Data security is an important factor for cloud computing and to day modern
Encryption algorithms play the main role in data security of cloud computing• Real business value can be realized by customers of all sizes• Cloud solutions are simple to acquire, don’t require long term contracts and
are easier to scale up and down as needed• Proper planning and migration services are needed to ensure a successful
implementation• Third party monitoring services ensure customer are getting the most out of
their cloud environment
Thank You !