cloud computing: looking forward to cloudy days in education
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Cloud Computing: looking forward to cloudy days in education. Wayne Pauley April 2011. The Big Switch. “We will probably see the spread of ‘computer utilities’ which like present electric and telephone utilities, will service individual homes and offices across the country” . Kleinrock , 1969. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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EMC EDUCATION SERVICES
CLOUD COMPUTING: LOOKING FORWARD TO CLOUDY DAYS IN EDUCATIONWayne PauleyApril 2011
Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
The Big Switch
Virtualized Data Center and Cloud Introduction 2
“We will probably see the spread of ‘computer utilities’ which like present electric and telephone utilities, will service individual homes and offices across the country”
Kleinrock, 1969
“Goodbye ‘World Wide Web.’ Hello ‘World Wide Computer’ ”
Carr, 2008
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Advancements in Information Technology
Virtualized Data Center and Cloud Introduction 3
Mini
Mainframe
Networked/Distributed Computing
PC/ Microprocessor
Next…Cloud Computing
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Business Drivers and IT Challenges
Virtualized Data Center and Cloud Introduction 4
• “70% of the budget to keep IT running, 30% available to create new value”
“…that needs to be inverted”
• Weeks of planning, justification, and deployment and then we’re stuck with it for 5 years – even if our needs change in a month…”
“…or we could just buy it as a service – right now”
• “Most of our legacy applications are stable and predictable”
“…we need to incrementally improve efficiency without disruption”
• “but, new, more dynamic and fluid approaches to IT must also be leveraged for new applications and changing legacy applications”
“…new, revolutionary IT models are essential as well”
Aging data centers
Globalization
Application explosion
Storage growth
Security
Cost of ownership
Acquisitions
Complexity
IT Challenges
Time to Market
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20090.8 Zettabytes
Growingby a
Factor of 44
Source: IDC Digital Universe Study, sponsored by EMC, May 2010
202035.2 Zettabytes
Data is Growing Exponentially
• Shift towards user created, unstructured data changes storage needs Secondary storage is the new
primary storage• File-based storage raises major
management issue Online ingest of and access to large
volumes of content
:Virtualized Data Center and Cloud Introduction
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Top Threats in the Cloud
• Abuse and nefarious use of Cloud computing• Insecure interface and APIs• Malicious insiders• Share technology issues• Data loss or leakage• Account or service hijacking• Unknown risk profile
• Loss of governance• Lock-in• Isolation failure• Compliance risks• Data protection• Insecure or incomplete data
deletion• Malicious insider
Governance, Risk and Compliance 6
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Why GRC & Security is Important
Governance, Risk and Compliance 7
• Breach• Regulation• Other?
Consequences• Risk of fines for failed audits
TJX – total cost > $1b for breach
Heartland – estimated at more than $140m
• Compliance concerns stall virtualization and Cloud
• Audits time consuming and costly
• Concerns of identifying risk and proper valuation
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Virtual Data Center Business Drivers & Benefits• Application level business continuity
Simplify and improve disaster recovery process Ensure important applications receive resources required to meet business needs
• Improved productivity, operational flexibility, and increased availability Optimize resources - consolidate of servers, storage, and fabrics Reduce hardware, power, cooling and space requirements Reallocate resources with no downtime Quickly and easily provision new servers
• Secure desktops Centralized management Patch gold copies once, with automated roll-out
Virtualized Data Center and Cloud Introduction
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Virtualization to Cloud EvolutionVirtualize Operationalize IT-as-a-Service
Focus Cost Efficiency Quality of Service Business Agility
Ownership/ sponsorship IT IT/LOB CIO
Business Value
Key Capabilities • Shared resource pools• Elastic capacity
• Zero-touch infrastructure• Increased control and
service assurance
• Service definition• Self-service• Chargeback
Approach Reactive Selective Proactive
Key Benefits Reduced cost and complexity
Increased availability, flexibility & responsiveness IT as a business asset
Characteristics
• Automation• Efficiency• Integration of the
virtualization platform and the information infrastructure
• On-demand• Service Level Management• Increased range of
capability: availability, security, etc.
• Metering / charge-back• Federation of resources• Geographically independent
9Virtualized Data Center and Cloud Introduction
CAPEX
OPEXCAPEX
OPEXAvailability
Responsiveness
CAPEXOPEX
AvailabilityResponsiveness
ComplianceTime-to-market
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Benefits of Cloud• IT provisioning in minutes instead of weeks• Application development, testing, and QA are flexible and self-
service enabled• Relocation from test and development to production is
predictable and seamless• Resources scale fluidly to meet growing or reduced need• Service level easily adjusted after the fact• Resources granularly metered to optimize utilization and cost
10Virtualized Data Center and Cloud Introduction
IT has more time to focus on the strategic; the LOB has more time to focus on the business
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Service Models
11
Type Description Examples
Co-location (Colo)
• Power, pipe, ping, and physical security
• Customer owns HW/SW
• Navisite• Internap• ColoSpace
Managed Service(s) Provider
(MSP)
• Manages facets of IT systems• On-premise or off-premise
• mindShift Technologies• Appia Communications• ThePlanet.com
Cloud• Self-service Internet served
computing• Shared resources (multi-tenant)• Pay-for-what-you-use charge model
• IaaS - IBM Cloudburst, Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure
• PaaS – Google App Engine, Force.com, VMforce
• SaaS – Salesforce.com, NetSuite, Microsoft Office 365
Virtualized Data Center and Cloud Introduction
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Cloud Computing Definition
Deployment Models• Private Cloud• Public Cloud• Hybrid Cloud
Service Models• Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)• Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)• Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
Cloud Tenets
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/800-145/Draft-SP-800-145_Cloud-definition.pdf
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Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in.
NIST
Rapid Elasticity
• Capacity can be scaled up, down, in, or out dynamically• Scaling is immediate• Licensing is also built to scale• Underlying hardware can be anywhere geographically
13Virtualized Data Center and Cloud Introduction
Definition
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Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts).
Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.
NIST
Measured Service
• Infrastructure operational costs incurred on a pay-per-use basis• Contractual obligations tied
to price tiering No obligation has the
highest price
14
Definition
Virtualized Data Center and Cloud Introduction
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Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs).
NIST
Broad Network Access
• Network is essential to consume the service• Endpoints can be of any type:
Smartphone, tablet, notebook, laptop, desktop, server, other applications
Definition
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The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand.
NIST
Resource Pooling
Shared Resources• Infrastructure and services run on shared
physical devices (e.g., multi-tenant)
16Virtualized Data Center and Cloud Introduction
Definition
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A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service’s provider.
NIST
On-Demand Self-Service
• On-Demand Customers incur no infrastructure
capital costs and are charged an Operational Expense (OPEX)
Workload forecasting unnecessary
Demand trends are predicted managed by the provider
The underlying hardware may be anywhere geographically
• Self-service Resources directly/indirectly
reserved by the customer via a web based portal and appropriate APIs
Virtualized Data Center and Cloud Introduction
Definition
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Cloud Service Models
Cloud Services 18
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Cloud Service Models
Sources: IDC 213197, 215504, 217579, 217945, 218252, 218938; Gartner 166525; the451Group
Service Model Description Examples
SaaSConsumer can use the provider’s applications running on a Cloud infrastructure. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying Cloud infrastructure.
Mozy, Zimbra, Salesforce.com, Intuit, Microsoft, Google Apps, Concur, Zoho, Cisco Webex
PaaS
Consumer deploys on the Cloud infrastructure applications that they have created or purchased applications using programming languages and tools supported by the provider.
SpringSource, Google App Engine, Force.com, Windows Azure, Appistry, Engine Yard, Flexiscale, Bungee Connect, Longjump
IaaS
Consumer provisions processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications.
EMC, VMware, Cisco,Amazon Web Services,Terremark, Savvis, Rackspace,AT&T, Verizon Business, BT,IBM, HP, CSC
19Virtualized Data Center and Cloud Introduction
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Examples of Cloud Eco-systems• Microsoft
Components - Hyper-V & .NET SaaS - Office 365 PaaS - Azure IaaS - Azure
• Amazon Web Services (IaaS) Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) CloudFront SimpleDB Simple Queue Service (SQS) Simple Storage Service (S3) Elastic Block Storage (EBS)
20
• Google Apps • SaaS - Gmail • SaaS - Docs• PaaS - Apps Marketplace• PaaS - Development
• IBM Cloud Burst• Enterprise (IaaS)
Terremark SAVVIS SunGard Rackspace
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Cloud Deployment Models
21Virtualized Data Center and Cloud Introduction
Enterprise X Dedicated forEnterprise X
Enterprise QEnterprise P
Cloud ServiceProvider
Cloud ServiceProvider
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Data Center Evolution
Designing for Virtualized and Cloud Environments 22
VDC (mid term)• Compute: Elastic• Network: Unified fabric • Storage: Storage resource pools• Applications: Clustering and
scaling
Data Center to VDC (short term)
• Compute: Automated VM restart, resource pooling
• Network: 10 GbE• Storage: Virtual provisioning and storage tiering • Applications: Migrating/re-working applications
VDC to Cloud (long term)
• Network: WAN technologies, rapid elasticity
• Storage: Erasure coding, rapid elasticity• Applications: Multi-tenancy, eventual
consistency
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SharePoint 2007
MS Exchange MS Exchange
SharePoint 2007
MS Exchange MS Exchange
Symmetrix VNX Third-Party
VMFS Volumes
Symmetrix VNX Third-Party
VMFS Volumes
Offline vMotion
Stretched VLANs
OTV
Concepts in Practice: ScenarioKey Challenges:• Improve resource
utilization across sites• Eliminate service
outages associated with VM migrations between sites
Synchronous Distance 100 Kms
Disruptive Relocation Across Sites
Virtual Data Center Architecture 23
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Disaster Recovery: Fault Resilience, Multi-Site
24Virtual Data Center Architecture
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Evolution of IT Roles
Traditional roles still essential
New roles emerging: • Cloud Architect • Cloud Admin• Cloud Capacity Planner • IT Automation Engineer
Imperative: Business and financial management
New focus area: Cloud service Operations management
IT Service Management
Virtual Infrastructure Management
Virtual Infrastructure Architecture
Infrastructure-as-a- Service
Platform-as-a- Service
Software-as-a- Service
Systems StorageBackup
and Recovery
Data Center
NetworksSecurity
Virtualized Data Center and Cloud Introduction 25 25
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Using Hadoop to Handle Big Data• Open source software• Hadoop’s HDFS can store
massive amounts of data Scales up incrementally Work coordinated among
clusters of systems Data distributed among
multiple nodes within the cluster
Data analysis achieved by parallel processing across all the nodes
Virtual Data Center Architecture 26
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Analysis Using ‘’s Phased Approach Dimensions Near-Term (Data Center to VDC) Mid-Term (VDC) Long-Term (VDC to Cloud)
Business Transformation
• Reduced workplace footprint (physical space)• Improved efficiency (reaching 100% utilization)
• Automated workflows• Capacity planning transformation
• IT-as-a-Service (ITaaS) • On-demand self-service• Measured services
Compute, Resiliency
• Default to virtualized • Automated VM restart
• Cross-site disaster recovery• Machine Check Architecture Recovery
• Trusted VMs• Near-native virtualization
performance
Storage
• Thin-provisioning• Data deduplication• Continuous data protection• Consolidated backup and restore• Storage tiering
• Storage resource pools and quality of service
• Incremental forever backups and recovery
• * full storage virtualization
• Solid-state data center• Rapid elasticity
Network• 10 GbE• Distributed virtual switch • Unified fabric (compute, storage) • 40 GbE
• Rapid Elasticity
Security and GRC
• Non-production VMs in DMZ• Default to DLP and SSO• Event and access monitoring
• Secure live VM migration• VM isolation
• Public Cloud federation• * Support Cloud-bursting• Pervasive encryption
Management
• Infrastructure inventory and health• Basic business intelligence (capitalization,
performance, and health)• Automated patch/provision
• Auto end-to-end life cycle management • Cloud brokerage and federation• Private-public Cloud live migration
Data Center• Cost savings from better utilization,
consolidation, reduction • Cross-platform power and data center management
• Near-linear power scaling• Power usage effectiveness
improvements
Clients• Desktop virtualization, backup• Mobile business PCs plus handhelds • Expanded small form-factor support • Client-aware services
Designing for Virtualized and Cloud Environments 27
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EMC’s IT Phased Approach
Tiered SharedVirtualized Clusters
Tiered SharedVirtualized Storage
Source and Target De-Dupe
Data Center Ethernet
Integrated ManagementSolutions (virtual)
Mobile App Access
User Interface CloudVDI BYOC
Choice Computing Mobility
Inter-DatacenterVM Mobility
Inter-DatacenterStorage Availability
Datacenter Bridging
Intra-DatacenterVM Mobility
Storage FederationIn Partner Datacenters
Multi-hop FCoE
VM Federation In Partner Datacenters
IT Automation Framework
AutomationOrchestration
Intra-DatacenterStorage Mobility
Archive De-Dupe EmbeddedData Protection
Intelligent Policy BasedResource Automation
Policy based Decisions
Point based solutions
Policy based Enforcement
Automated Policy Enforcement
Auditing/ComplianceFramework
eGRC Framework
BIaaS
Master Data Management
Next Generation Online Experience Integration Cloud Next Generation Business Systems (ERP, CRM)
Predictive Analytics
eBusiness Application Cloud
Enterprise Content Mgmt
Application MobilityUnified User Experience
Information Governance Knowledge ManagementCollaboration as a Service
Enterprise Social MediaDevelopment Cloud
Role-based Access
Apps
InfoServices
Systems
Storage
BRS
Data CenterNetworks
Management& Automation
Client
Security
2013+2011 2012
Designing for Virtualized and Cloud Environments 28
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Applications: Migrating to the Cloud
Designing for Virtualized and Cloud Environments 29
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Open Stack Cloud Initiative
• Open source, open standards based Cloud• Includes compute and storage• Key members include:
Rackspace NASA Citrix Dell
• Compute based on XEN and KVM• Storage is software that is also object based
Governance, Risk and Compliance 30
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• Dedicated servers• DAS & small SANs• Tape backup• Monolithic apps
• 100% virtualized• X86 architecture• SAN driven replication
architectures
• Tiered, virtualized app hosting platform• De-duplicated backup• Enterprise services
• Virtualized dedicated servers• Tiered SANs• Disk-based backup• Monolithic apps
Datacenter Evolution
Summary 31
Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Managing Virtualized Environments 32
Service Management
FederatedCMDB
Incident Management
Service Desk
KnowledgeBank
Issues &Requests
ServiceCatalog Approvals Reporting
Customer Portal
Service Level Agreements Request Fulfillment
Problem Management Change & Release Management
Events Discovery Provisioning and Automation
API’s Tools Protocol Tools
Infrastructure Layer Cloud Services Layer VDC Layer
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A Before View: Traditional Development Environment
• Developer Writes code on workstation in an individual development environment (IDE , ex .NET, Java, or Python) Pushes code to Development Server Code runs through a successful build EXE is sent to QA/Test When passes QA/Test, application is moved to production environment
• Customer uses production image• All infrastructure is “silo’d”
Infrastructure belongs to the department Even engineering is silo’d
Windows or Linux
CustomerDev Server QA/Test Production
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Transformation to IaaS to PaaS to SaaS
• Developer WS runs IDE IDE is linked live to PaaS environment Engineer can self-serve VM’s for test and QA or other IDEs
• VM policy pushes code to top tier infrastructure It is scale tested then turned over to production
• Linkages via SOAP/REST are built into the apps Apps can bind on the fly Apps cross private & public Cloud boundaries
CustomerPayingStatus
MAPS
VDI.NETPaaS
JavaPaaS
Test
QA
AP/AR
ScaleTest
ExpenseMgmt
T2 T1
IaaS, PaaS SaaS SaaS
CustomerVDI
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Extended Cloud Service - XaaS
35
RESTful API
vDC ServiceCatalogs
RESTful APIvDC Service
Catalogs
ResourceCreationSystem
ITSMSystem
ResourceDist
System
Auto
mati
on O
rche
stra
tion
Cloud Services LifecycleBusiness Management
Provisioning Policy
Access Policy
vApps
Provisioning Policy
Access Policy
vApps
Physical Infrastructure Server Storage Connectivity
VirtualInfrastructure vCompute vStorage vConnectivity
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Why the Cloud ‘for’ Education
• Economics Costs to deliver higher education Funding loses force tough decisions Competition
• Match technology use to demands• Costs tied to usage• Community Cloud• Less need to be in the IT Business
Improves institutional focus on education development & delivery
• Improves institutional agility & time to market• Examples: UMASS – Google Apps
Course Introduction 36
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Risk & Barriers of Cloud ‘for’ Education
• Integration Legacy to Cloud Substantial Amount of Services – pro or con?
• Security Track record of providers Security standards of provider
• Governance, Risk, & Compliance Legality of placement of Institutional data externally Data Location – transborder issue
• Standards Traditional Standards Bodies - ISO, NIST, DMTF New Standards Emerging – CSA, ENISA, OpenStack
Governance, Risk and Compliance 37
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Why the Cloud ‘in’ Education
• Preparing students for a web services world Virtualization of the full stack: Networks, Storage, & Servers Platform_as_a_Service Frameworks
Microsoft .NET on Azure Google Apps, App Engine (Python, Java, Eclipse), & Marketplace IBM Software & System Access (Java, WebSphere, Lotus, Hadoop)
• Modifying existing curriculum Computer Science & Information Technology
Add virtualization and cloud topics & labs Security (risk, forensics) & privacy (risk, compliance)
Other Sciences & Disciplines Ethics in the Cloud Law in the cloud Data Scientists
Governance, Risk and Compliance 38
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EMC Academic Alliance
• Partnering with hundreds of leading institutions of Higher Education worldwide
• 30,000+ students educated in 30+ countries*
• Offering unique ‘open’ course on Information Storage and Management •Focuses on concepts and principles, not products
• Providing EMC, Customers and Partners with source to hire storage educated graduates
• Opportunity for EMC to give back as the industry leader
Developing Tomorrow’s Information Storage Professionals…Today!
* As of Jan 2011
http://education.emc.com/academicalliance
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Information Storage & Management (ISM)
http://education.EMC.com/ismbook
Modules
Section 1: Storage SystemIntro to ISM
Storage System Environment Data Protection: RAID
Intelligent Storage System
Section 2: Storage Networking Technologies & Virtualization
DAS and Intro to SCSI Storage Area Networks
Network Attached Storage IP SAN
Content Addressed Storage Storage Virtualization
Section 3: Business ContinuityIntroduction to Business Continuity
Backup and Recovery Local Replication
Remote Replication
Section 4: Storage Security & Management
Securing the Storage Infrastructure Managing the Storage Infrastructure
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EMC Certification
41
Define Service Request Service
IT and BusinessSelf-Service Portal
Service Catalog Customer
DecommissionService
Operations andGovernance
Perform Complianceand Financial Mgt
ConfigurationManagement
SystemService Request
Management
Discovery andAutomated Provisioning
Virtualized Infrastructure
vStorage vCompute Mgt Apps vConnectivity Middleware &APIs
BusinessvApps
Physical Infrastructure
Course Introduction
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Becoming an Academic Partner Steps . . .1. Institution enrolls via the EAA online application.
http://info.emc.com/mk/get/EAA_APPL_form?src=&HBX_Account_Number=emc-emccom
2. Institution identifies faculty to teach course and administer the program.
3. Institution identifies faculty to attend the 5 day ISM Faculty Readiness Seminar (FRS) and clear ISM certification exam.
4. Institution accesses secure Faculty website to download teaching aids such as chapter PowerPoints, quizzes, simulators, etc.
5. Institution promotes ISM course to students.
6. Institution schedules and begins teaching the ISM course.
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References
EDUCAUSE white paper: Shaping the Higher Education Cloud - http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/PUB9009.pdf
Is Cloud Computing a Credible Solution for Education? http://campustechnology.com/articles/2009/11/12/is-cloud-computing-a-credible-solution-for-education.aspx
Google Apps for Education - http://www.google.com/a/help/intl/en/edu/IBM Academic Cloud -
https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/university/academicinitiative/Microsoft Cloud for Education -
http://www.microsoft.com/education/solutions/cloudcomputing.aspxMicrosoft white paper: Cloud Computing in Education
http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/1/8/4182DF40-7EA3-4C13-91D0-E3B75D639590/Cloud_computing_in_education.docx
Sungard Higher Education - http://www.sungardhe.com/CampusCruiser - http://www.campuscruiser.com/
Course Introduction 43
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Recommended Reading
Introduction to VDC and CloudThe Big Switch: Rewiring the World, from Edison to Google - by Nick CarrManagement Strategies for the Cloud Revolution: How Cloud Computing Is
Transforming Business and Why You Can't Afford to Be Left Behind – by Charles Babcock
Private Cloud – www.privatecloud.com
VDC & Cloud ArchitectureCisco: A Beginner's Guide, Fourth Edition - by Toby and Anthony VeltMastering VMware vSphere 4 - by Scott LoweOpen Stack - http://www.openstack.org/VMware vSphere and Virtual Infrastructure Security – by Ed HeletkyvSphere 4.1 Security Hardening Guide -
http://communities.vmware.com/docs/DOC-14548VMware vCloud Director Security Hardening Guide -
http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/techpaper/VMW_10Q3_WP_vCloud_Director_Security.pdf
Business Continuity Planning IT Survival Guide, Computer Associates, 2008 - http://new.techdata.com/techsolutions/Softwareconnections/files/may2010/CA%20Business%20Continuity%20Planning%20IT%20Survival%20Guide.pdf
Course Introduction 44
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Recommended Reading (cont)VDC & Cloud Planning & DesignCloud Application Architecture: Building Applications and Infrastructures in the Cloud
- by George ReeseHost your web site in the Cloud: Amazon Web Services Made Easy: Amazon EC@
made Easy – by Jeff Barr
Governance, Risk, & ComplianceGovernance, Risk, and Compliance – by Anthony TarantinoCloud Security Alliance(CSA) Guidance -
http://www.cloudsecurityalliance.org/csaguide.pdfEuropean Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA) -
http://www.enisa.europa.eu/Shared Assessments - http://www.sharedassessments.org/
Course Introduction 45
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Recommended Reading (cont)VDC & Cloud ManagementVirtualization Opportunities, Threats and Challenges, ZISC Colloquium
-http://www.zisc.ethz.ch/events/slides_ZISC_colloq_HS2009/consecom_zisc-talk-20091124_presentation.pdf
Tackle the Challenges of Virtualization Management, BMC Best Practices White Paper, undated - http://documents.bmc.com/products/documents/00/61/100061/100061.pdf
Virtualization Challenges Whitepaper, http://www.technologent.com/Documents/VirtualizationChallenges_Jan2009.pdf
Keeping Your Head Above the Cloud: Seven Data Center Challenges to Consider Before Going Virtual, http://www.f5.com/pdf/white-papers/challenges-to-virtualization-wp.pdf
Web Operations: Keeping the Data on Time by John Allspaw and Jesse Robbins
Cloud ServicesCloud Computing and SOA Convergence in Your Enterprise: A Step-by-Step Guide -
by David LinthicumCloud Computing Best Practices for Managing and Measuring Processes for On-
demand Computing, Applications and Data Centers in the Cloud with SLAs - by Michael Miller
SOA in Practice: The Art of Distributed System Design (theory in practice) – by Nicolai Josuttis
Cloud Computing Explained: Implementation Handbook for Enterprises - by John Rhoton
Governance, Risk and Compliance 46