cm saf training 2012 the eumetsat‘s climate monitoring satellite application facility (cm saf):...
TRANSCRIPT
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CM SAF Training 2012
The EUMETSAT‘s Climate Monitoring Satellite Application Facility (CM SAF):
TOA Radiation “GERB” Datasets
Nicolas Clerbaux, Stijn Nevens, Ilse Decoster (RMIB)
with contributions from the CM SAF International Board and RMIB GERB team
http://www.cmsaf.eu
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CM SAF Training 2012
Today speaker…
CM SAF International Board visiting KNMI/Cabauw, NL.
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CM SAF Training 2012
Content
The GCOS Essential Climate Variables and CM SAF overview
TOA radiation science and current challenges
The GERB instruments and data processing
The CM SAF TOA radiation “GERB” datasets, illustration and validation results
Discuss some applications
Related activities during CDOP-2 (2012-2017)
Summary
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15.03.2004
CM SAF Training 2012
Domain GCOS Essential Climate Variables
Atmospheric (over land, sea and ice)
Surface:[1] Air temperature, Wind speed and direction, Water vapour, Pressure, Precipitation, Surface radiation budget.
Upper-air:[2] Temperature, Wind speed and direction, Water vapour, Cloud properties, Earth radiation budget (including solar irradiance).
Composition: Carbon dioxide, Methane, and other long-lived greenhouse gases[3], Ozone and Aerosol, supported by their precursors[4].
Oceanic Surface:[5] Sea-surface temperature, Sea-surface salinity, Sea level, Sea state, Sea ice, Surface current, Ocean colour, Carbon dioxide partial pressure, Ocean acidity, Phytoplankton.
Sub-surface: Temperature, Salinity, Current, Nutrients, Carbon dioxide partial pressure, Ocean acidity, Oxygen, Tracers.
Terrestrial River discharge, Water use, Groundwater, Lakes, Snow cover, Glaciers and ice caps, Ice sheets, Permafrost, Albedo, Land cover (including vegetation type), Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR), Leaf area index (LAI), Above-ground biomass, Soil carbon, Fire disturbance, Soil moisture.
[1] Including measurements at standardized, but globally varying heights in close proximity to the surface. [2] Up to the stratopause. [3] Including nitrous oxide (N2O), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), and perfluorocarbons (PFCs). [4] In particular nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), formaldehyde (HCHO) and carbon monoxide (CO).[5] Including measurements within the surface mixed layer, usually within the upper 15m.
The 50 GCOS Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) (2010) are required to support the work of the UNFCCC and the IPCC. All ECVs are technically and economically feasible for systematic observation. It is these variables for which international exchange is required for both current and historical observations. Additional variables required for research purposes are not included in this table. It is emphasized that the ordering within the table is simply for convenience and is not an indicator of relative priority. Bold : ECVs largely dependent upon satellite observations. Red : ECVs targeted by CM SAF.
GCOS Essential Climate Variables (ECVs)
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CM SAF Training 2012
Geo-stat.
RETRIEVALS
Polar
MFG
MSG
NOAA
DMSP
AVHRR
AMSU +
HIRS(ATOVS)
SSM/I
MVIRI
SEVIRI
GERB
MAGIC
Cloud Albedo
Variables Algorithm Sensor SatelliteSatellite-
orbitSatellite-
orbitSatellite Sensor Algorithm Variables
SAF-NWC/PPS
HOAPS
CloudMacro-physics
Solar &Thermal
Surf. Rad.;Cloud forcing
IAPP
AtmosphericWatervapour
&temperature
Water- &Energy-FluxesOver ocean
CPP
METOP
G2RSolar & Thermal Surf. Rad
Solar &ThermalRad. atTop-of-atm.
ToA-Rad
CloudMicro-physics
P2RCloudMacro-physics
CloudMicro-physics
CPP
SAF-NWC/MSG
Solar Surf. Rad.
CM SAF Retrieval Overview
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CM SAF Training 2012
CloudsMacrophysicsMicrophysics
Time range: 2005 – now Coverage: MSG full disk; Arctic
& Europe (from AVHRR)
Surface Radiation
Solar incoming & reflectedThermal outgoing & netto
Radiation BudgetTime range: 2005 - nowCoverage: MSG full disk
Top-of-Atmosphere Radiation
Solar & Thermal Time range: 2004 – now Coverage: MSG full disk &
Arctic
Watervapour and temperature
Profiles
Time range: 2004 – nowCoverage: Global
Operational Products
Watervapour andEnergyfluxes
ClimateDatasets
CM SAFData
CloudsMacrophysicsMicrophysics
Surface RadiationSolar incoming & reflectedThermal outgoing & netto
Radiation Budget
AVHRR-GACGlobal
Coverage1982 - 2009
MAGICSOL(Surf.Rad.Dataset)
Meteosat full disk
1983 - 2005
HOAPSGlobally over ice free ocean1987 - 2006
Surface RadiationSolar incoming & reflected
CloudsCloudalbedo
Available operational Products and Datasets
+ GERB dataset under review !
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CM SAF Training 2012
Energy and Water cycle
Trenberth at al., BAMS, 2009
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CM SAF Training 2012
Why do we measure ERB?
1. Climate monitoring– Long term climate variations
and trends– El Nino/La Nina– Effect of natural events
(volcanic eruptions, … )– Land cover change, snow
and sea ice– …
2. Processes study– Cloud and aerosol forcing– …
3. Climate modelling– Radiation in climate model– …
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CM SAF Training 2012
Climate monitoring
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CM SAF Training 2012
Processes Study
Also: desertification, African monsoon, marine stratocumulus, vulcaneos, biomass burning, …
Aerosols
Tropical Convection
Contrails
Cirrus
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CM SAF Training 2012
UK-MO Unified Model GERB
(Courtesy UK Met Office)
Solar Flux
Thermal Flux
Climate models evalution/improvement
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CM SAF Training 2012
How do we measure the ERB?
• From … satellites • Broadband radiometer -> total
channel• Need of a SW channel, why? How?• Scanner/non-scanner instruments
• Limitations of the NB-to-BB
• Geo versus polar orbits
GERB instrument (on MSG)
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CM SAF Training 2012
TOA radiation missions
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CM SAF Training 2012
The GERB instruments
• First BB instrument on geo orbit• On the 4 MSG satellites (Meteosat-8, -9, 10 and -11) • Repeat cycle : 5’ (!)
W/m²/sr W/m²/sr
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CM SAF Training 2012
GERB Data processing
Level 1 -> 1.5 (GERB team @ RAL & ICL)– Calibration– Geolocation
Level 1.5 -> level 2 (GERB team @RMIB)– Unfiltering– Angular modelling– Spatial modelling (including resolution
enhancement)– Temporal modelling
Level 2 -> level 3 (CM SAF )– Monthly averaging– Gap filling
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CM SAF Training 2012
Illustration GERB level 2
• Each 15’• Instantaneous TOA fluxes• 3 formats : ARG, BARG, HR
W/m² W/m²
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CM SAF Training 2012
TIS : TOA Incoming Solar TRS : TOA Reflected Solar TET : TOA Emitted Thermal
Monthly mean Daily mean Monthly mean diurnal cycle
Not homogeneous time series
Example for October 2004
Illustration level 3 : TOA radiation Environment Data Record
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CM SAF Training 2012
CM SAF Datasets
Products Data Record length
Available Coverage
Cloud Properties (fraction, type, height, optical depth, effective radius) surface radiation fluxes surface albedo water vapour aerosol optical depth
2004 – 2010 09.2012
Regional (Meteosat Coverage)TOA GERB dataset 2004 - 2011 2012
Surface radiation products (SIS, SAL, SDL) 1983 – 2010 03.2011
Free tropospheric humidity (Partner: LMD)(Cloud mask also included)
1983 – 2010 02.2012
Cloud properties / Surface radiation products 1982 – 2011 12.2011
Global
HOAPS (Latent heat flux, Precipitation, etc.) (MPI/Uni-HH, NOAA-STAR)
1987 – 2008 03.2011
SSM/I FCDR 1987 – 2008 03.2012
Layered precipitable water vapour, relative humidity, temperature in 5 layers (HLW)
1998 – 2010 02.2012
Specific humidity and temperature at 6 pressure levels (HSH)
1998 – 2010 02.2012
Total Precipitable Water (HTW) 1998 – 2010 02.2012
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CM SAF Training 2012
TOA « GERB » dataset
• GCOS requirements :– 5 W/m² outgoing solar/thermal– 100 km / 3-hourly– Stability 0.2 W/m²/decade
• Input data – GERB, – GERB-like (SEVIRI) – CERES
• Processing– Homogenization– Correction of the GERB-like– Hourly averaging– Daily/Monthly averaging– Projection on SEA grid– Creation HDF files
• Output : MM, DM, MD in HDF5 (NetCDF upon req.)
• Validation
• Documentation: ATBD, PUM, Val. Rep., DGCDD
• Still under Review…
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CM SAF Training 2012
Illustration : TOA radiation monthly means
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CM SAF Training 2012
Illustration : TOA radiation daily means
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CM SAF Training 2012
Illustration : TOA radiation monthly mean diurnal cycle
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CM SAF Training 2012
Validation: stability of the MM products
TRS stability
TET stability
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CM SAF Training 2012
TRS MM validation : intercomparison with CERES
RMS difference with CERES EBAF ~ 3 W/m²
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CM SAF Training 2012
TET MM validation : intercomparison with CERES
RMS difference with CERES EBAF ~ 2 W/m²
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CM SAF Training 2012
Validation of the daily mean (DM) products : stability
TRS stability
TET stability
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CM SAF Training 2012
Validation of the daily mean products : accuracy
TRS daily mean accuracy ~ 5 W/m² (~ 5%)
TET daily mean accuracy ~ 4 W/m² (~ 2%)
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CM SAF Training 2012
Validation of the monthly mean diurnal cycle
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CM SAF Training 2012
“Diurnal cycle” from CERES
TRS (left) and TET (right) diurnal cycle from 4 CERES instruments
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CM SAF Training 2012
Summary of the validation (1 uncertainty)
TRS TET
Monthly mean 4.0 W/m² 3.4 W/m²
Daily mean 6.2 W/m² 4.6 W/m²
MM diurnal cycle 14.5 W/m² 4.3 W/m²
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CM SAF Training 2012
Now let’s discuss some applications
• Aerosol direct radiative effect
• Cooling effect of the Sahara region
• Climate monitoring with Earth Radiation Budget data : presentation of Steven tomorrow
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CM SAF Training 2012
Application 1: Direct aerosol forcing combining GERB and SEVIRI
Input:• SEVIRI AOD (CM-117 dataset!)• GERB High Resolution TOA solar fluxes
Method• Scatterplot to determine « pristine » TOA
albedo• Aerosol sensitivity : alb / AOD• Compute instantaneous forcing• Compute daily and monthly means
Results• CM-118 dataset: Direct Aerosol Effect
(DAE) under review (DRI-5).
Loeb and Kato, 2002
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CM SAF Training 2012
Biomass burning Mineral dust
Well-mixed greenhouse gases
blue: “cooling effect”red: “warming effect”unit : W/m²
Radiative effect of aerosols: Interest of the Meteosat Field-of-View
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CM SAF Training 2012
Application 2: cooling effect of saharan desert
The Sahara is a huge region (thousand of km) characterized by a negative net radiation budget of ~ -15 W/m² (more energy leaves the system than incoming -> “cooling effect”) .
From where comes this energy?
7 years average net TOA radiation from CM SAF
Average 15 W/m²
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CM SAF Training 2012
Application 2: cooling effect of saharan desert
Same with 10 years of CERES EBAF …
10 years average net radiation from CERES EBAF
W/m²
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CM SAF Training 2012
Hadley Cell…
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CM SAF Training 2012
TOA Radiation in CDOP-2 (2012-2017)
• Continue generation of the EDRs
•New Editions of the current dataset with improved
• input data (additional satellites, or reprocessed FCDR’s) • algorithms
• New dataset : clear sky fluxes (synergy with the CM SAF cloud products)
•New dataset : MFG + MSG (1982-2014) development of an aging model of MVIRI VIS channel
•Aerosol properties over ocean and land
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CM SAF Training 2012
Summary
• TOA radiations are key elements of the energy and water cycles.
• CM SAF provides level 3 of TOA GERB radiation products as• monthly mean• daily mean• monthly mean diurnal cycle
•The diurnal cycle product is unique.
•The daily mean products present improvements wrt others daily mean products as for example CERES SYN1deg-day.
• The TOA radiation products have excellent synergy with other CM SAF datasets, in particular the surface radiation dataset, the cloud properties, the aerosols and the surface albedo.