TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES` 938 Aurora Boulevard, Cubao, Quezon CityCOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURECivil Engineering DepartmentCE405Construction aterials and !estingWRITTEN REPORTC"A#!E$ %&oundationsPREPARED BY$EB'()*, $on +ulienne C,CE-.&B%SUBMITTED TOE/($, &A!)A +ADE C, A/()nstructorREPORT SUBMITTED+uly 3, %0.1CHAPTER 2&oundations!2ere are 3 ma3or parts o4 a building, 5upesture, 5ustructure and &oundations, 5uperstructure are above ground portion o4 t2e 4ollo6ing, 5ustructure is 2aitable belo6 t2e ground portion 62ile &oundations are t2e components o4 t2e building to trans4er its loads, 'nder t2is c2apter 6e are concern 6it2 4oundations, 5o 6e 2ave % basic types o4 4oundations, 52allo6 &oundations and Deep &oundations, 52allo6 4oundations are t2ose t2attrans4er t2e load to t2e eart2 at t2e base o4 t2e column or 6all o4 t2e substructure, are generally less e7pensive t2an Deep ones, Deep &oundations 8eit2er piles or caissons9 penetrate t2ru t2e upper layers o4 incompetent soil inorder to trans4er t2e load to competent, :e 2ave primary 4actors t2at a;ect t2e c2oice o4 4oundations, 5ubsur4ace soil and ground 6ater conditions, 5tructural reing space, Environmental 4actors li>e noise , tra?c and disposal o4 eart and 6ater,&oundation engineers are responsible to assessing t2ese 4actors and 6or>ing toget2er 6it2 t2e ot2er members o4 t2e design and construction team, ost s2allo6 4oundations are simple concrete 4ootings, Column 4ooting is a s 6it2 or 6it2out steel rein4orcing t2at accepts t2e concentrated loads, :all 4ootings is a continuous strip o4 concrete t2at serves t2e same 4unction 4or a load bearing 6all,&ootings are usually placed on undistributed soil to minimizr settlement,!2e engineers 6or>ing 4rom t2e results o4 laboratory compactions tests on samples ta>en 4rom t2e soil 4or =lling and ma>es sure t2at t2e soil is deposited in t2in layers at a controlled moisture content and compacted in accordance 6it2 detailed procedures t2at enures a >no6n load bearing capacity and long term and stability,