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CMLCentre of Environmental Science

Life Cycle Inventory Modeling using Integrated Hybrid Model

Sangwon Suh

- With a case study of Linoleum

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Reference

Lave et al., 1995

Lenzen, 2001

Estimated truncation

50%

9~52%

Method

1st order upstream

3rd order (energy)

1. Introduction

• Calculated truncation in “SETAC” LCI

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1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th

[Lave et al., 1995] [Lenzen, 2001]

1. Introduction

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[Moriguchi et al., 1993][Hendrickson et al, 1998][Joshi, 2000]

Alternative : Input-output based LCI

1. Introduction

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Activated carbon and charcoal Alkali metals

Alumina Aluminum chloride Aluminum compounds Aluminum hydroxide (alumina trihydrate) Aluminum oxide Aluminum sulfate Alums Ammonia alum Ammonium chloride, hydroxide, and molybdate

Ammonium compounds, except for fertilizer Ammonium perchlorate Ammonium thiosulfate Barium compounds Bauxite, refined Beryllium oxide Bleach (calcium hypochlorite), industrial Bleach (sodium hypochlorite), industrial Bleaches, industrial Bleaching powder, industrial Borax (sodium tetraborate) Boric acid Boron compounds, not produced at mines Borosilicate Brine Bromine, elemental Calcium carbide, chloride, and hypochlorite Calcium compounds, inorganic Calcium metal Carbide Catalysts, chemical Cerium salts Cesium metal Charcoal, activated

SIC 2819-Industrial inorganicchemicals, NEC

182 items

1. Introduction

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Objectives

• Systematic LCI modeling : Integrated hybrid model

• Empirical test using existing case study

1. Introduction

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Hybrid LCI modeling

LCI [Heijungs, 1994] : Physical unit/operation time

IOA [Stone, et al., 1963] : Monetary unit/total production

2. Methodology

• Integrating computational structure of

Full interaction between processes and economy

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CMLCentre of Environmental Science 2. Methodology

Hybrid matrix

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0.263$ Solvent

Lacquer Production

0.031$ Ind.Bld

Industrial Org.Chem

Chem.Ind. Installat’n

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Total intervention

Intervention by processes

Intervention by IO comm.

Technology matrix of P

Inflows from IO

Outflows from P

Technology matrix of IO

Final demand

0

=

-1

2. Methodology

0

~~

1y

AN

SAPPM

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CMLCentre of Environmental Science 2. Methodology

Required treatment

• IO part1. Inclusion of domestic and imported capital and current commodity2. Price update: the base year of the IO table current price3. Subtraction of the portion of commodity flows represented by the product based system

• LCA part1. Allocation2. Price adjustment (consumer’s price vs. producer’s price)

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• Linoleum [Gorree, et al., 2000]

• Main data gaps

- production & transportation of pesticides, fertilizer S, additives, solvent, adhesives, catalysts

- Capital goods

3. Case study

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Cost composition table/cost estimation for cut-offs

Capital requirements estimation

Link estimated cost to each IO cell

Procedure

3. Case study

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• Cost composition table

• Capital requirements estimation

- Linseed oil, Tall oil, …(12 major ingredients)- Catalysts, fertilizer S, … (8 cut-off flows)- Industrial building, material handling equipment,…(3 capitals)

- Linseed oil, Tall oil, …(12 major ingredients)

3. Case study

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0

~~~

1y

AN

SAPPM

• 3 Cases

- Baseline (Existing LCI)

- Hybrid (Cut-offs and capitals : 38 links)

- IO LCI (Miscellaneous floor coverings)

yAPM ~~~~ 1

yPAM 1

3. Case study

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CMLCentre of Environmental Science 4. Result

0%

50%

100%

150%

200%

250%

POC OD GW HT AEF AES SEF SES TE AD EUT ODR

Baseline Hybrid IO LCI

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Baseline

Hybrid Max

IO LCI

0%

5% ~ 73% (avg. 18%)

-85% ~ 124% (avg. 3%)

Percent change

4. Result

Summary

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CMLCentre of Environmental Science 4. Result

Sources of difference

Process based LCA IO based LCA

Truncation Truncation

Incomplete data Incomplete data

Aggregation

Base year difference

Price difference

Use of IO based result should be limited

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1. Both process and IO based LCI suffer from their inherent problems: truncation and aggregation

2. Hybrid LCI : technology matrix of LCI be fully integrated to national accounts

5. Conclusion

Conclusion

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3. Hybrid method as worked out: capturing most of the flows without loss of process specific data

4. Limitations of this study

- IO data only covers national economy

- Inclusion of capital goods can be improved

5. Conclusion

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Missing Inventory Estimation Tool (MIET)

Download @ http://www.leidenuniv.nl/cml/ssp/software/miet

CMLCA

Download @ http://www.leidenuniv.nl/cml/ssp/software/cmlca

Software information