cnee powering forward full report

8/13/2019 CNEE Powering Forward Full Report

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Powering Forward:Presidential and Executive

Agency Actions to DriveClean Energy in America


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3/2071 www.PoweringForwardPlan.org

Foreword

In his 2013 State of the Union address, PresidentBarack Obama told Congress that if it did not act to

curb global climate change, he would.

And he did. Five months later, the President issued

a comprehensive climate action plan that does not

require congressional action. Many of the items already

have been implemented or put in motion.

Te Presidents plan adds to the long list of initiatives his

administration has accomplished since 2009, ranging from

historic vehicle efficiency standards to the regulation of greenhousegas emissions from power plants.

Are there additional steps the President can take in the next three years to mitigate climate

change and move America closer to a clean energy economy? Te answer is yes. But they will

require considerable work by the administration and support from the American people. Tey

will also require steps by the President to unleash enterprise and investment across the country.

In March 2013 President Obama met with 14 energy thought leaders, representing a variety

of stakeholder groups, to discuss how he could further pursue a clean energy agenda using

his lawful authority. Following the meeting, the leaders asked the Center for the New Energy

Economy (CNEE - the Center I founded in 2011 at Colorado State University) to undertakea deeper examination of the Presidents options in ve discrete areas. In response, CNEE

launched an eight-month initiative to gather ideas for additional presidential action on climate

and clean energy. In dialogues, roundtables and peer reviews, CNEE engaged more than 100

participants, including chief executive officers, chief nancial officers and other top executives

from industry, academia, research institutions, NGOs and state and local governments. We

asked them what new actions by the President and his executive agencies would help our nation

be more effective in meeting our climate and our energy goals.

Te ve areas of focus are:

!" Doubling energy productivity

$" Financing renewable energy

%" Producing natural gas responsibly

&" Developing alternative fuels and vehicles, and

'" Enabling electric and gas utilities to adapt to the new realities of the 21stcentury

100 CEOs, CFOs,academics, researchers,NGOs & governmentleaders pinpointclimate and energysecurity imperatives



Two rules governed this process. First, we applied the Chatham House Rule, ensuring partic-

ipants anonymity to encourage open dialogue and free exchange of ideas. In accordance with

that rule, we have not attributed ideas to specic individuals or organizations. Second, we en-

couraged but did not require consensus. Not all participants agreed with all of the recommen-

dations in our nal report, but everyone had a substantive voice in the process.

Four principal themes emerged during the CNEE exercise:

!" As CEO of the nations largest energy customerthe Federal GovernmentandCommanderinChief of the armed forces, the President should use the full power offederal procurement to help create the large and stable markets that will attract moreinvestment in clean energy goods and services. Tat will require changes in the pro-curement system.

$" Many of the most important legal responsibilities related to energy use and carbonemissions reside in states and localities. Te Federal Government should help states

and localities assert their leadership with increased research, technical assistance andcarefully targeted nancial assistance.

%" Te Federal Government and its policies will have to be retooled to support a clean en-ergy economy. For example, many industry leaders who are eager to participate in theenergy transition say they are inhibited by government regulations that are not keepingup with todays rapid changes in energy technology and customer preferences.

&" Te administration can make strategic changes in scal policy to help move private

capital at every level of the economy offthe sidelines and into clean energy.

Tis report offers President Obama and his administration more than 200 recommendationsfor Americas transition to a clean energy economy recommendations that CNEE believes can

be implemented with the Presidents existing authority. Many of the recommendations can be

implemented immediately; some will take several months; and others may not be completed

until afer President Obama leaves office.

President Obama deserves credit for his resolve to take action on climate change.Tis report is

intended to help him. Tere simply is no more important issue and no time to waste.

Bill Ritter, Jr.

41st Governor of Colorado

Founder and Director, Center for the New Energy Economy



The Clean Energy Transition Has BegunBut It Must Move Faster

Te President has a wide variety of executive authorities to address climate change and shape energy policywithout further action by Congress. Te Constitution confers some; precedent establishes others; and most

have been delegated to the Executive Branch by past Congresses.

How actively a president uses these authorities, however, may depend on the breadth

of support from the American people. Te challenge for the President and his

team is to rally the American people around the objective of creating a clean

energy economy, to encourage their support and concrete action, and to un-

leash the economys enormous reservoir of uncommitted private capital for

investments in clean energy.

Te reality is that Americas transition to a clean energy economy is not justa job for the future; its already underway. But, if we are to avoid the worst

consequences of global warming and if we hope to capture the emerging

global market for clean energy technologies, we must accelerate the pace of this

transition. Indeed we must redouble our efforts for the sake of future generations.

Doubling the Nation!s Energy Productivity

During his 2013 State of the Union address, the President announced a new goal: To double the energy

productivity of the U.S. economy by 2030. Tat is both a challenge and an opportunity. According to the

American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy, the national economy wastes 87% of the energy it

consumes a level of inefficiency that undermines our competitiveness, produces more greenhouse gas

emissions, and costs every American family and business money.

Te Alliance to Save Energy estimates that doubling our energy efficiency would save consumers $327 bil-

lion annually, including more than $1,000 each year for the average household. Businesses would save $169

billion annually, about as much as the entire corporate sector paid in federal income taxes in 2011.

President Obama already has taken several steps to improve the Federal Governments productivity andcut its energy bills. Shortly afer taking office, the administration cleared up a longstanding bottleneck in

appliance efficiency standards. In October 2009, the President issued Executive Order 13514 directing

agencies to reduce the energy and carbon intensity of federal buildings. And in December 2011, he direct-

ed agencies to execute $2 billion in energy saving performance contracts (ESPCs), arrangements in which

private companies make energy efficiency improvements to federal buildings with guaranteed results.

Tere is no cost to taxpayers.Te companies are repaid by sharing the governments savings on energy

America!s historictransition to cleanenergy already isunderway.



bills. In addition, the Administration cleared up a longstanding bottleneck in appliance efficiency stan-

dards shortly afer taking office.

However, there is greater potential for using ESPCs. Roadblocks remain in the contracting process. And

the backlog in appliance efficiency standards has reappeared.

RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE PRESIDENT

Amend the December 2011 ESPC directive to require thatagencies execute $1 billion in energy saving contracts ineach of the next 5 years.

Direct agencies to use ESPCs more widely to fund response programs, data center consolidations,

(OMB) to complete its review of new appliance

require.

Direct the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the FederalHousing Finance Authority to analyze government mortgage data reduce mortgage defaults. If they do, direct federal agencies that terms. Encourage private lenders to do the same.

investments beyond the fence lines of their power plants as theycomply with EPA!s regulation of greenhouse gas emissions fromgeneration plants.

Work with the building industry to develop a model national code

We can cut thegovernment!senergy billswith guaranteedresults at no costo taxpayers.



Financing Renewable Energy

Renewable energy is an essential element of a clean energy economy, and renewables are ready now. Te

amount of electricity from solar and wind power in the United States has doubled over the past four years.

Today, wind energy supplies enough electricity for 15 million homes. By mid-century, renewable energytechnologies commercially available today could provide more than 80% of Americas electricity, according

to the Department of Energys National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

Te administrations goal is to make solar power cost competitive with traditional power generation by

2020. Te President has nearly tripled his goal for renewable energy use in federal facilities, setting the

target at 20% by 2020. He has proposed that the nation obtain 80% of its electricity from clean energy

resources by 2035. And the Department of Defense is working to obtain 25% of its energy from renewable

resources by 2025.

Renewable resources (including hydropower) provide 12% of Americas electricity today.Te Energy

Information Administration projects that if we continue business as usual, the contribution of renewableenergy will grow to only 16% by 2040. Tat is not enough.


Develop methods for accurately counting the full costs of variousenergy choices, including pollution and health care costs thathave been externalized in the past. Use these methods toestablish priorities for federal support of energy resources anddirect it to the best of the above rather than all of the above.

Clarify that federal agencies can enter into power purchaseagreements for periods of up to 25 years.

technologies that result in operational and maintenance savings.

Design standards for greenhouse gas emissions from powerplants under Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act to promote theuse of renewable technologies.



Request that the IRS issue a revenue ruling that Real EstateInvestment Trusts can invest in renewable energy. In addition,encourage the IRS to determine whether it has the authority to

qualify renewable technologies for Master Limited Partnershipsin the tax code.

Request that the Comptroller of the Currency make clearthat community banks will be credited under the Community neighborhoods.

Direct the DOE to study federal, state and private data to

determine the extent to which renewable energy investmentsraise the market value of homes and businesses. If the study it into the terms of their loans.

Champion parity for renewable energy with fossil energy as complex, but more fair. Direct the appropriate agencies to reform policies that encourage greenhouse gas emissions.

Energy Conservation Bonds for investments in renewable

Work with trusted messengers in rural America to promotefull use of the Department of Agriculture!s new loan guarantee and their customers.

Convene state Treasurers and launch a state/federalpartnership to align state and federal loan programs with thegoal of maximizing private capital investment in renewableenergy.



Robust and ResponsibleNatural Gas Production

President Obama supports responsible natural gas production. Executives from the natural gas industry

told CNEE they value reasonable government regulation. On one hand, regulation can weed out bad ac-

tors, provide certainty for business planning, and improve the industrys social license to operate. On the

other hand, ineffective, unnecessary or excessive regulations impede production and increase costs.

Te regulation of natural gas production is largely a state responsibility, but the Federal Government can

help in several ways.


Direct the Bureau of Land Management torequire that gas producers use and demonstratethe best available technologies and practiceson federal lands, including full disclosure ofhydraulic fracturing agents, zero tolerance formethane leaks, sound water management andminimal land disturbance.

Direct the Council on Environmental Policy Policy to work with states and the natural gasindustry to improve the states!ability to inspect and enforceenvironmental rules.

Work with states to develop a nationwide methane reductionstrategy in the natural gas value chain, from wellhead to power research and develop more effective ways to monitor and

prevent methane leaks.

Create a presidential George P. Mitchell Award for gasproducers who achieve excellence in environmentalperformance; innovate to minimize the environmental andsocial footprints of production; and build collaboration amongproducers, regulators and public interest organizations.

Natural gascompaniesmust use thebest availableproductionmethods onfederal lands.



21stCentury Utilities

Most Americans dont fully appreciate the importance of their electric utilities until their lights go out. Yet the

nations utility sector does an admirable job of providing reliable electricity vital to the economy and to our

quality of life.

Today, electric utilities face enormous challenges adjusting to emerging

trendstrends that raise questions about how renewable resources should

be valued and incorporated into consumer rates; how distributed gen-

eration should be incorporated into the traditional electric grid; and

how utilities should handle power dispatching when their energy mix

includes resources that have no fuel costs. Utilities recognize their

challenge, but they are without a working model or example. Te

Federal Government should pilot new revenue models for utilities to

adapt to disruptive technology and environmental challenges.

Utility regulation is primarily a state responsibility, but the Feder-

al Government can help policy makers and public utility regulators

answer these questions and reshape their business models for the 21st

century.


Direct DOE!s four Power Marketing Administrations andthe Tennessee Valley Authority to develop and demonstratethe policies and practices necessary for electric utilities toincorporate renewable energy and distributed generation intotheir rates, infrastructure and management practices.

Direct DOE!s National Laboratories to provide research andexpert testimony at public utility commission hearings tohelp identify and resolve issues related to the integration

of renewable energy in rate structures, new utility revenuemodels, and true integrated resource planning.

Ensure that Quadrennial Energy Reviews connect thedots between the systems integration work at the NationalRenewable Energy Laboratory and the Federal EnergyRegulatory Commission!s work on the transmission system.

Technologyadvancements are 10years ahead of utilitiesand utilities are aheadof regulation. Americaneeds a new utilityrevenue model and

regulatory compact thatcan keep pace.



Direct DOE and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)to work with industry to identify resilient pathways fortransmission infrastructure.

Direct DOE and DHS to develop model policies that help state

utility commissions adapt to regional climate impacts.

Alternative Fuels and Vehicles

A principal mission of national transportation policy should be to develop and deploy sustainablenon-pe-troleum fuels, the infrastructure that moves them to market, and the vehicles that use them. Tis mission

is not made less important by the prospect that the United States may soon produce enough oil to elimi-

nate petroleum imports. Te world oil market will still control prices. Whether oil comes from the Persian

Gulf or the Intermountain West, the need to control carbon emissions will impact oils overall use.

Te President has already triggered a transformation in Americas transportation sector. In his rst term,

his administration nearly doubled fuel economy standards, requiring that new cars and SUVs must

average at least 54.5 MPG by 2025. By September 2013, the average fuel economy of new cars and trucks

had already climbed to 24.9 MPG, up from 20.1 MPG in 2007, according to a study by the University of

Michigan.Te administration projects that the new efficiency standards will save families more than $1.7

trillion in fuel costs and result in signicant reductions in carbon emissions. Te new regulations have

also pushed American auto manufacturers from the brink of bankruptcy to resurgence in innovation andglobal leadership. Other administration initiatives have included:

A Clean Energy Grand Challenge EV Everywhere program designed to make electric

vehicles as affordable and convenient as gasoline powered vehicles for the average

American family by 2022.

Requirements that all federal government eet purchases must be alternative fuel vehicles

by 2015 and that federal agencies must cut their petroleum consumption by 30%.

T

e

rst-ever effi

ciency and greenhouse gas emission standards for heavy-duty vehiclesstarting in 2014.

Te now-accomplished goal to break ground on four commercial-scale cellulosic or

advanced bio-reneries to bring advanced biofuel production to commercial scale.




Direct DOE, the Department of Agriculture andthe Department of Transportation to develop a

milestones, performance measures andsequencing necessary to achieve thePresident!s vehicle and fuel goals.

Ensure that better vehicles and fuels do urban design, public transportation, intermodaltransportation systems and safe facilities for walking and

biking.

necessary to get them to the retail market.

When considering federal support, determine where it will bemost effective in the alternative fuel and vehicle value chains.For example, some stakeholders told CNEE that if a choicebecomes necessary, natural gas resources would be better

used in power plants where they displace coal and provideclean power for electric vehicles, rather than used in naturalgas vehicles.

fuels and alternative fuel vehicles.

contributes to the successful commercialization of cellulosicbiofuels.

We needa nationalroadmap foralternative fuelsand vehicles.



Conclusion

Among the more than 200 specic recommendations submitted to President Obama as a result of the

CNEE leadership dialogue, there are several underlying messages.

First, to ensure the nations economic stability, environmental health, national security, and opportunity

for generations to come, the transition to a clean energy economy must be accomplished more rapidly

than any previous energy shif.

Second, the nations energy policies and investments must be determined not by political pressures, but

by objective full life-cycle analyses of each options benets and costs. Objective analysis will help resolve

the inconsistencies between the Presidents climate goals and an energy policy that makes no distinction

between carbon-rich and clean energy resources.

Finally, President Obama can build an enduring legacy by activating the American peoples commitment

to sustainable energy and by using the power of the Federal Government in partnership with states, utili-ties and industry, to open new opportunities for private investment in the clean energy economy.



The Center for the New Energy Economyis a privately funded

initiative to support the growth of a clean energy economy across the

United States. It is led by former Colorado Governor Bill Ritter and

is assisted by some of the nation!s most important thought leaders

in clean energy research, development and commercialization. Its

mission is to incorporate best practices from around the nation and

world to accelerate the development of a new energy economy.

vitality, energy supply sustainability, environmental health, public

health, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the conservation

The Center for the New Energy Economy provides policy makers,

governors, planners and other decision makers with a roadmap

that will accelerate the nationwide development of the new energy

States; encourage development and use of clean and affordable

domestic energy; protect our environment and climate; and keep

America on the leading edge of global competition. The Center

helps to guide the country along the road to a more secure, stable,

sustainable, and affordable energy future.

For the complete list of CNEE!s recommendations to the President,

go to www.poweringforwardplan.org.

www.cnee.colostate.edu


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