co-generation and district heating systems based on biomass, geothermal and solar thermal energy
DESCRIPTION
Co-generation and District Heating Systems based on biomass, geothermal and solar thermal energy. Erik Larsson Manager, Energy Policy Swedish District Heating Association. District Heating in Sweden. 9 million inhabitants 50 TWh district heating Almost 50 % of total heat market - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest
Co-generation and District Heating Systems based on biomass, geothermal and solar thermal energy
Erik Larsson
Manager, Energy Policy
Swedish District Heating Association
2008-11-07 1
8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest
District Heating in Sweden
● 9 million inhabitants
● 50 TWh district heating
● Almost 50 % of total heat market
● Present in every community with more than 10
000 inhabitants
● More than 600 DH systems
● Still growing
● Turnover 2,7 billion euro
● Competing on the heat market
2008-11-07 2
8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest
Fuel/energy used for District Heating in Sweden 1980 to 2005
0,000
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Year
TWh
0,0
50,0
100,0
150,0
200,0
250,0
300,0
350,0
Wood Fuel
Others
Surplut heat ind
Waste
Peat
Heat pump
Electric boilers
Coal
Natural gas
Oil
CO2(kg/MWh)
CO2
2008-11-07 3
Evolution in CO2 emissions globally and in Sweden
Koldioxidutsläpp - historiska uppskattningarIndex, 1900=100
ÅrKälla: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis CenterNot: Avser koldioxidutsläpp från förbränningen av fossila bränslen samt cementtillverkning.
Hämtat: 2008-01-31
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1899 1919 1939 1959 1979 1999
Sverige Globalt
Significant investments in District Heating are launched
8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 4
We do not need fossil fuel for heating only!
2008-11-07 58th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest
Strategic heat sources
2003 flow fromthe five strategic heat sources for district heating inEU-32 (in EJ).Possible supply is approx. 200 timeshigher!
2008-11-07 78th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest
Source:ECOHEATCOOL project
District heating effects
Doubling the sales of district heat in Europe would
●Reduce primary energy consumption by 2,1 EJ/a (Primary energy consumption of Sweden)
●Reduce import dependency by 4,5 EJ/a (Primary energy consumption of Poland)
●Reduce CO2 emissions by 400 mln tons / 9,3% ( Emissions of France from fossil fuel combustion)
2008-11-07 88th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest
Source:ECOHEATCOOL project
Primary resource factors
Primary resource factors express the ratio between the non-regenerative energy input and final energy used. The lower the PRF of a technology (in operation), the greater its contribution to reduce the use of fossil primary energy
2008-11-07 98th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest
To build new passive-houses is easy but how to make this house zero-emitting ?
2008-11-07 108th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest
Examples of low emitting District Heating
2008-11-07 11
Solar heating connected to District Heating
2008-11-078th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 12
EkstaMalmöOdensbackenFalkenbergSäterKungälvNykvarnBrædstrup, DKMarstal, DK
0,01 % of total Swedish DH
”Geothermal” energy in District Heating
● Defined as energy from the ground or
lakes utilized by heat pumps. (RES dir)
● Average COP of 3,1 heat pumps cover 8
% of Swedish District Heating
● Decreasing because…
● …carbon emissions similar to oil fired
boilers
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2008-11-078th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 14
Efficiency of production of electric power in EU-27 in years 2000 and 2005
Sundsvall 1968-2008What you don’t see on the picture
Fossil fuels
-80% (in 2012 0% fossil fuels)
Yield from 35% to 80%
CO2 linked to heating and
local electricity production
-75%
8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 15
Facts
Population: 95 000
Area: 3 200 km2
After
Before
2008-11-07 198th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest
DH/CHP plant in Västerås, Sweden
Block 1+2
Block 3Block 4
Boiler 5
Available Technology and Investments with rapid pay-off
To double the District Heating share in Europe from 7% to 15%:
70 B€ investment
<4years pay-off time
10% reduction in CO2 emissions
would reduce the need for fossil fuel imports to EU of 4,5 EJ/year
8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 20
Use money for investing in infrastructure instead of buying
fossil fuels
Substitution of natural gas with district heating based on recycling of industrial surplus, cutting 7% of all CO2 emissions in the city of Varberg in less than 5 years
Varberg, Sweden
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Annual sales, GWh/year
Natural gas
District Heat
Source: Dr Sven Werner Professor, Energy Technology, Halmstad University
8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest 2008-11-07 21
Rapid implementation gives immediate effect on CO2
8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest
Integrated Power, Heat and Pellets production in Skellefteå
Boiler & TurbineCapacity: 64 MW DH; 35 MW electricity
Pellets productionCapacity: 24 t/H Pellets 4,9 MW electricity
Accumulator15 000 m3
2008-11-07 22
Surplus heat and surplus electricity must be recognized
as energyefficiency
Similar integrations can be done with other biofuel plants
8th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest
Environmental improvements due to the Surplus heat utilization -
0
4000
8000
12000
16000
CO2 ton/year NOX kg/year ElectricityMWh/year
Without Surplus heatWith Surplus heat
2008-11-07 23
● The heat is transported from Frövifors Bruk to Frövi, Vedevåg and
Lindesberg over an 18 km long transmission pipeline.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Without Surplusheat
With Surplusheat
BiomassSurplus heatElectricityButaneFuel oil
Losses becomes useful heat
What are the opportunities with District Heating
● Connecting energy sources to energy consumers and
hereby utilize surplus energy from
● Electricity production
● Heavy industry and biofuel plants
● Energy from waste
● Introduce large scale biomass use, solar and
geothermal heating
● Less dependency on imported fossil fuel - money used
for infrastructure – increases the security of supply
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A few ideas to make it happen...
Definition of clear objectives at the policy level -
Cooperation between policy-makers and industry in the
analysis
Strong participation of the industry in the development of
technical tools and rules
Coherence is a key...
Do not fragmentize – keep Energy Efficiency, RES and CO2
reduction on the table all the time - District Heating do
2008-11-07 268th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest
Conclusion
More info at:www.euroheat.org
www.ecoheatcool.org
Or
2008-11-07 298th IPM on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Budapest