co-project managers eisenberg, olivieri & associates tom hall, eisenberg, olivieri &...
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Co-Project ManagersTom Hall, Eisenberg, Olivieri & AssociatesEisenberg, Olivieri & AssociatesTom Grovhoug, Larry Walker Associates, Larry Walker Associates
SubcontractorsPacific EcoRisk withPacific EcoRisk withFrontier GeoscienceFrontier Geoscience
San Francisco Bay North of Dumbarton Bridge
Copper and Nickel ImpairmentAssessment
Regional Monitoring Program Annual Meeting
March 22, 2002
Objectives
• Collect data to improve our understanding of aquatic toxicity of copper and ambient levels of copper and nickel in San Francisco Bay North of the Dumbarton Bridge
• Develop information to help make decisions regarding the 2002 303(d) listing of copper and nickel in the Bay
Copper and Nickel Impairment Assessment: San Francisco Bay North of Dumbarton
Funding AgenciesMunicipal Dischargers City of BeniciaBurlingame Wastewater Treatment PlantCentral Contra Costa Sanitation DistrictCentral Marin Sanitation AgencyDelta Diablo Sanitation DistrictEast Bay Dischargers AuthorityEast Bay Municipal Utility DistrictFairfield-Suisun Sewer DistrictLas Gallinas Valley Sanitation DistrictMillbrae Waste Water Treatment PlantNapa Sanitation DistrictNovato Sanitation DistrictCity of PetalumaSan Francisco International AirportCity and County of San FranciscoCity of South San Francisco/San BrunoSan MateoSausalito/Marin County Sanitation DistrictSewerage Agency of Southern MarinSouth Bayside System AuthorityMarin County Sanitary District #5, TiburonUnion Sanitary DistrictVallejo Sanitation and Flood Control District
Industrial DischargersC&H Sugar
Rhodia Inc.
USS Posco
Ultramar
Dow Chemical
Equilon
Stormwater ProgramsAlameda County Clean Water Program
Contra Costa County Clean Water Program
Fairfield Suisun Urban Runoff Management Program
Marin County Stormwater Pollution Prevention Program
San Mateo Countywide Stormwater Pollution Prevention Program
Vallejo Sanitation and Flood Control District
Project Guidance
Coordinating CommitteeRWQCB
BACWA
Industrial Dischargers
Stormwater
Environmental Advocacy Groups
EPA
DFG
Copper Development Association
SFEI
South Bay Liaison
Technical Review Committee
TOXICOLOGIST David Hansen (Hydroqual) GEOCHEMIST Jim Kuwabara (USGS) HYDRODYNAMICIST Stephen Monismith (Stanford) ECOLOGIST – PHYTOPLANKTON Brian Palenik (UCSD Scripps)
Copper and Nickel Impairment Assessment: San Francisco Bay North of Dumbarton
Dissolved Copper Concentrations at Select Central Bay Monitoring Stations
RMP Data 1993-1998
BA40 Redwood Creek
93 94 95 96 97 98
Dis
solv
ed C
oppe
r (u
g/l)
0
1
2
3
4
5
BB30 Oyster Point
93 94 95 96 97 98
BC10 Yerba Buena Island
93 94 95 96 97 98
CTR Limit (3.1 ug/l)
BC60 Red Rock
93 94 95 96 97 98
WinterSpring Summer
BB15 San Bruno Shoal
93 94 95 96 97 98 99
EOA, Inc 6-2-00
Dissolved Copper Concentrations at Select North Bay Monitoring Stations
RMP Data 1993-1998
BD20 San Pablo Bay
93 94 95 96 97 98
BG20 Sacramento River
93 94 95 96 97 98
BD15 Petaluma River
93 94 95 96 97 98
Dis
solv
ed C
opp
er (
ug/l)
0
1
2
3
4
5
BF20 Grizzly Bay
93 94 95 96 97 98
BF10 Pacheco Creek
93 94 95 96 97 98
CTR Limit (3.1 ug/l)
WinterSpring Summer
EOA, Inc 6-2-00
Study Highlights
• Extension of City of San Jose’s work in development of WERs for San Francisco Bay
• Toxicity Tests for copper using the bivalve Mytilus edulis
• Analytical Chemistry measuring for copper, nickel, and conventional water quality parameters
Copper and Nickel Impairment Assessment: San Francisco Bay North of Dumbarton
DumbartonDumbartonDumbartonDumbartonDumbartonDumbartonDumbartonDumbartonDumbarton Bridge Bridge Bridge Bridge Bridge Bridge Bridge Bridge Bridge
0 2.5
Miles
5
LGVSDLGVSDLGVSDLGVSDLGVSDLGVSDLGVSDLGVSDLGVSD
CMSACMSACMSACMSACMSACMSACMSACMSACMSA
NovatoNovatoNovatoNovatoNovatoNovatoNovatoNovatoNovato
EBDAEBDAEBDAEBDAEBDAEBDAEBDAEBDAEBDA
EBMUDEBMUDEBMUDEBMUDEBMUDEBMUDEBMUDEBMUDEBMUD
HaywardHaywardHaywardHaywardHaywardHaywardHaywardHaywardHaywardMarshMarshMarshMarshMarshMarshMarshMarshMarsh
CCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSD
Sausalito Sausalito Sausalito Sausalito Sausalito Sausalito Sausalito Sausalito Sausalito MarinMarinMarinMarinMarinMarinMarinMarinMarin
BeniciaBeniciaBeniciaBeniciaBeniciaBeniciaBeniciaBeniciaBenicia
VSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCD
VSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDVSFCDWet Wet Wet Wet Wet Wet Wet Wet Wet
WeatherWeatherWeatherWeatherWeatherWeatherWeatherWeatherWeather
PetalumaPetalumaPetalumaPetalumaPetalumaPetalumaPetalumaPetalumaPetaluma
SonomaSonomaSonomaSonomaSonomaSonomaSonomaSonomaSonoma Valley Valley Valley Valley Valley Valley Valley Valley Valley
County County County County County County County County CountyFSSDFSSDFSSDFSSDFSSDFSSDFSSDFSSDFSSD
BB15BB15BB15BB15BB15BB15BB15BB15BB15
BA40BA40BA40BA40BA40BA40BA40BA40BA40
BB30BB30BB30BB30BB30BB30BB30BB30BB30
BF20BF20BF20BF20BF20BF20BF20BF20BF20
BF10BF10BF10BF10BF10BF10BF10BF10BF10
BC10BC10BC10BC10BC10BC10BC10BC10BC10
BD20BD20BD20BD20BD20BD20BD20BD20BD20
BD15BD15BD15BD15BD15BD15BD15BD15BD15
NBSUNBSUNBSUNBSUNBSUNBSUNBSUNBSUNBSU
GeneralGeneralGeneralGeneralGeneralGeneralGeneralGeneralGeneralChemicalChemicalChemicalChemicalChemicalChemicalChemicalChemicalChemicalCorpCorpCorpCorpCorpCorpCorpCorpCorp
Dow Dow Dow Dow Dow Dow Dow Dow Dow
USS USS USS USS USS USS USS USS USS PoscoPoscoPoscoPoscoPoscoPoscoPoscoPoscoPosco
ToscoToscoToscoToscoToscoToscoToscoToscoTosco Avon Avon Avon Avon Avon Avon Avon Avon Avon
Marin Co. Marin Co. Marin Co. Marin Co. Marin Co. Marin Co. Marin Co. Marin Co. Marin Co. S.D. #5S.D. #5S.D. #5S.D. #5S.D. #5S.D. #5S.D. #5S.D. #5S.D. #5
PinolePinolePinolePinolePinolePinolePinolePinolePinole
ChevronChevronChevronChevronChevronChevronChevronChevronChevron
CCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSDCCCSD No.5 No.5 No.5 No.5 No.5 No.5 No.5 No.5 No.5
C&H C&H C&H C&H C&H C&H C&H C&H C&H Tosco Tosco Tosco Tosco Tosco Tosco Tosco Tosco Tosco RodeoRodeoRodeoRodeoRodeoRodeoRodeoRodeoRodeo
Napa S.D.Napa S.D.Napa S.D.Napa S.D.Napa S.D.Napa S.D.Napa S.D.Napa S.D.Napa S.D.
LCB01
LCB02
SPB01SPB02
SPB03
San MateoSan MateoSan MateoSan MateoSan MateoSan MateoSan MateoSan MateoSan Mateo
SBSASBSASBSASBSASBSASBSASBSASBSASBSA
SFSESFSESFSESFSESFSESFSESFSESFSESFSE
DDSDDDSDDDSDDDSDDDSDDDSDDDSDDDSDDDSD
West County AgencyWest County AgencyWest County AgencyWest County AgencyWest County AgencyWest County AgencyWest County AgencyWest County AgencyWest County Agency
Legend
Sample locations at existing RMPmonitoring stations
Sample locations on transects
Wastewater treatmentplant discharge
Copper and Nickel Impairment Assessment: San Francisco Bay North of Dumbarton
Sample Sites
Site Code
Site Description
BD15 Petaluma River BD20 San Pablo Bay
SPB01 Shallow transect SPB02 Shallow transect SPB03 Shallow transect BF20 Grizzly Bay BF10 Pacheco Creek
BC10 Yerba Buena
Island BB30 Oyster Point BB15 San Bruno BA40 Redwood Creek
LCB01 Shallow transect LCB02 Shallow transect
Four Sampling Events
• September 5/7, 2000; dry season; glassy water conditions on Bay
• February 13/15, 2001; wet season; turbid conditions on Bay
• April 22/24, 2001; wet season; scheduled to coincide with stratified conditions
• June 13/19, 2001; dry season; windy summer conditions
Total Copper
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
BA40 BB15 LCB01 LCB02 BB30 BC10 BD20 SPB01 BD15 SPB02 SPB03 BF10 BF20
Total Copper (ug/L)
Event 1Event 2Event 3Event 4
BD15 Event 2 data
Dissolved Copper
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
BA40 BB15 LCB01 LCB02 BB30 BC10 BD20 SPB01 BD15 SPB02 SPB03 BF10 BF20
Diss. Copper (ug/L)
Event 1Event 2Event 3Event 4
Dissolved Cu Criterion (3.1 ug/L)
BD15 Event 2 Value 21.6
Total Nickel
0
5
10
15
20
BA40 BB15 LCB01 LCB02 BB30 BC10 BD20 SPB01 BD15 SPB02 SPB03 BF10 BF20
(ug/L)
Event 1Event 2Event 3Event 4
BD15 Event 2 data point is 47.6 ug/L
Dissolved Nickel
0
5
10
15
20
BA40 BB15 LCB01 LCB02 BB30 BC10 BD20 SPB01 BD15 SPB02 SPB03 BF10 BF20
(ug/L)
Event 1Event 2Event 3Event 4
Dissolved Ni Criterion (8.2 ug/L)
Dissolved Cu WERs (Central Bay)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
BA40 BB15 LCB01 LCB02 BB30 BC10
WER
Event 1Event 2Event 3Event 4
Redwood Creek San BrunoL. Central Bay
(midpoint)L. Central Bay (nearshore)
Oyster Point Yerba Buena Island
Oyster Point
Dissolved Cu WERs (North Bay)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
BD20 SPB01 BD15 SPB02 SPB03 BF10 BF20
WER
Event 1Event 2Event 3Event 4
San Pablo Bay Betw een BD15 and BD20
Petaluma River E. San Pablo Bay (midpoint)
E. San Pablo Bay(nearshore)
Pacheco Creek (Event 4 under investigation)
Grizzly Bay (Event 4 under investigation)
Water Quality Objective x WER = Site-Specific Objective
For Example:
3.1 ug/l x 2.67 = 8.3 ug/l
A Water Effects Ratio (WER) is the ratio of toxicity of a given pollutant in laboratory water to toxicity in site water. If the value of the WER exceeds 1.0, the site water reduces the toxic effects of the pollutant being tested.
4611131313N =
Sampling Events
All excluding BD15Event 4Event 3Event 2Event 1
Dis
solve
d C
u W
ER
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
.5
0.0
13
15
16
7
1
13
9
Dissolved Copper SSOs and Ambient ConcentrationsCentral Bay
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
BA40 BB15 LCB01 LCB02 BB30 BC10
Sampling Stations
ug
/L
North Bay
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
BD20 SPB01 BD15 SPB02 SPB03 BF10 BF20
Sampling Stations
ug
/L
Event 1 SSO Event 1 Diss.Cu. Event 2 SSO Event 2 Diss.Cu. Event 3 SSO Event 3 Diss.Cu. Event 4 SSO Event 4 Diss.Cu.
Ratio of Ambient Concentrations to Dissolved Copper SSOsCentral Bay
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
BA40 BB15 LCB01 LCB02 BB30 BC10
Sampling StationsNorth Bay
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
BD20 SPB01 BD15 SPB02 SPB03 BF10 BF20
Sampling Stations
Event 1 Event 2 Event 3 Event 4
Next Steps
• Copper / Nickel Action Plans (BACWA)– POTWs and Storm Water Programs– RMP Ambient Monitoring– Triggers & Follow-up Actions– Reasonable Baseline Source Control
Measures
• Metals Translators (BACWA)• Site Specific Objective(s)• Basin Plan Amendment
Bay Bridge
Richmond Bridge
N
North Bay
Central Bay
Petaluma River Grizzly BaySPB03
SPB02SPB01
Pacheco Creek
Yerba Buena
Oyster Point
San Bruno
LCB01
LCB02
Redwood Creek
Event 1, Event 2, Event 3, Event 4
Site
Shallow Water Sites (<4m)
LEGEND:
Sampling Stations
(deep and shallow)
San Pablo Bay
Dumbarton Bridge
San Mateo Bridge
Results of Statistical Analysis of WER Values
• EC50 values for site water significantly greater than EC50 for lab water
• WER values are significantly greater than 1.0
• Therefore, national copper chronic criterion (3.1 ug/l) overestimates copper toxicity in SF Bay waters
Results of Statistical Analysis of WER Values Using ANOVA
• No significant difference between shallow and deep stations
• Significant difference between Event 2 and other 3 events
• Significant difference between pooled values north and south of Bay Bridge
Statistical Methods for WER Value Analysis
• Kolmogorov-Smironov Test for normality (distribution normally distributed)
• Repeated measures ANOVA
• Significance threshold set at 95th % confidence level (p=0.05)
• Paired t-tests
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Event 1 Event 2 Event 3 Event 4
ALL
Mean with 95% confidence limits
Mean WERs with 95% Confidence Intervalsa.
DF t-Value P-value Mean WER 95% Lower
CL 95% Upper
CL
Event 1 12 12.258 <0.0001 2.25 2.03 2.47
Event 2 12 9.349 <0.0001 3.56 2.97 4.16
Event 3 12 12.302 <0.0001 2.58 2.30 2.86
Event 4 10 9.929 <0.0001 2.24 1.96 2.51
b.
Shallow 26 14.412 <0.0001 2.70 2.32 3.09
Deep 22 21.318 <0.0001 2.64 2.38 2.90
c.
Total 49 14.530 <0.0001 2.67 2.44 2.90
Summary Statistics
San Mateo Dm Br N Dm Br S Coyote Cr
number 7 20 20 20
minimum 1.7 2.2 2.2 2.5
maximum 2.4 3.9 4.5 4.8
a. mean 2.2 2.7 2.9 3.6
g. mean 2.1 2.7 2.8 3.5
std. deviation 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8
Summary Statistics
Central Bay North Bay All All but BD15Shallow (<4m)
Deep (>4m)
number 24 26 50 46 39 11
minimum 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.4
maximum 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.3 3.5
a. mean 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.8
g. mean 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.8
std. deviation 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.4
N. Dumbarton Dissolved Copper WER
San Jose Dissolved Copper WER
North & Central San Francisco Bay
1
10
100
1 10 100
Measured EC50 (ug Cu/L)
Pred
icte
d EC
50 (u
g C
u/L)
Series1Series2Series3
BLM Application to Mytilus edulis
BLM Over Predicts Toxicity
BLM Under Predicts Toxicity
Round 4 -GC Central,GC North, BA40, BB15, LCB01, LCB02, BB30, BC10, BF10, BF20 deleted
Event 2
Event 3
Event 4