Figure 12.1

Sensory Receptors in Skin

Free nerveendings

Thermo-,light touch,and painreceptors

Modified and encapsulatednerve endings

Merkel disks:light touch

Hair

Free nerveendings:sensechangingpositionof hairs

Meissner’scorpuscle:light touch

Paciniancorpuscle:deep pressureand high-frequencyvibration

Ruffini endings:pressure

Epidermis

Subcutaneouslayer

Dermis

Figure 12.5d

Locations and Structure of the Receptors for Taste

Figure 12.6

Olfactory Receptors and the Mucus-Producing Olfactory Glands

Figure 12.9

Structure of the Human Ear

Figure 12.10

Structures and Function of the Cochlea

Figure 12.13a–c

Sensing Head Position and Acceleration

Figure 12.14

Structure of the Eye

Canal ofSchlemm

IrisLens

Pupil

Cornea

Aqueoushumor

Ciliarymuscle

ScleraChoroid

Vitreoushumor

RetinaFovea

Opticdisk

Opticnerve

Figure 12.16a

Examples of Abnormal Vision

Figure 12.16b

Examples of Abnormal Vision

Figure 12.16c

Examples of Abnormal Vision

Figure 12.16d

Examples of Abnormal Vision

Figure 12.17

Structure of the Retina

• Receptors and Sensations

A. Each receptor is more sensitive to a specific kind of environmental change but is less sensitive to others.

receptor

Anatomy of the Brain

Motor and Sensory areas of the left Cerebral Cortex

Inferior view of the brain

Cranial Nerves

Sensory afferent pathway through the dorsal root

Motor efferent pathway through the ventral root

Referred Pain

Visceral pain may be felt at these surface regions

Dermatomes

Visceral pain may be felt at these surface regions

Notice each nerve path

Posterior Column Pathway

Cerebral cortex

Sensory path toward brain!

Corticospinal Pathway Cerebral cortex

Motor path away from brainToward muscle or gland

Mechanoreceptors of the body

Chemoreceptors of the body

CopyrightThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

CopyrightThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

C. Structure of the Eye

1. The eye is a fluid-filled hollow sphere with three

distinct layers, or tunics.

MedialLateral

Light pathway

Retina

Light pathway

Know the layers/tunics of the EYE!

Retina(Neural tunic)

Fibrous tunic

Choroid tunic

Visual nerve pathway

IMAGE sent to cerebral cortex

Cerebral cortex

Figure 10.7

1- Sound waves reach tympanic membrane

2- the movement of the tympanic membrane causes the ossicle to move

3- The stapes moves the fluid within the vestibular duct

4,5 &6 fluid movement causes mechanoreceptors to send signal

Anatomy of the chochlea

Mechanoreceptors (hair cells) located here