FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM IN KANSAS,

SEMINAR PROCEEDINGS, JULY 1985

By Thomas L. Huntzinger

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Open-File Report 85-641

Co-sponsored by the

KANSAS WATER OFFICE and the

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Lawrence, Kansas

1985

FOREWORD

The Kansas Water Office and the U.S. Geological Survey jointly sponsored a seminar on the Federal-State Cooperative Program in Water Resources at Lawrence, Kansas, on July 8-9, 1985. The Federal-State Cooperative Pro­ gram is based on the concept that Federal, State and local governments have mutual interests in collecting and merging data on the nation's water resources and provides for Congressional appropriations to be used on a 50-50 cost-sharing basis with State and local agencies. The Cooperative Program consists of the Hydrologic Data Collection Program and Interpretive Investigations.

In 1895, Kansas became the first state to have a cooperative water-resource investigation with the U.S. Geological Survey. Since that time, many State and local agencies in Kansas have participated in the Cooperative Program, and it has experienced considerable growth in size and impor­ tance. Hence, the purpose of this seminar was to provide an opportunity for all Federal-State Cooperative Program participants in Kansas to see the broad perspective of current U.S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative Projects and to discuss future plans and needs, in regard to the Federal-State Cooperative Program.

Joseph H. HarkinsDirectorKansas Water Office

CONTENTS

Page

Abstract ...-..----.----.-..----------- 1Introduction ---------------------------- 1

Attendance and agency representation -------------- 2Summary of seminar agenda ------------------- 3

Federal-State cooperative program in Kansas ------------- 6Data-collection and dissemination program -------------- 10

Surface-water-quantity data ------------------ nGround-water-level data -------------------- 14Water-quality and sediment data ---------------- 14Rainfall data ------------------------- 19Special-purpose data ---------------------- 19Real-time data transmission ------------------ 20Network analysis ------------------------ 21Water-use data ------------------------- 22Distributed information system ----------------- 23

Interpretive projects and research ----------------- 23Federal projects and thrust programs in Kansas ----------- 26Final remarks ---------------------------- 36Selected references ------------------------- 37

ILLUSTRATIONS

(Note: Illustrations presented in this report are taken, with only slight modifications, from slides presented at the Federal - State Cooperative Program Seminar, July 8-9, 1985.)

Figure Page

1. Graph showing trends of U.S. Geological Survey program inKansas ---------------------------- 8

2. Pie diagrams showing distribution of U.S. Geological Surveyprogram dollars for Federal fiscal year 1984 --------- 9

3. Diagram showing U.S. Geological Survey water-resourcesoperational groups in Kansas ----------------- 10

4. Graph showing number of data-collection sites by type ofdata, 1970-84 ------------------------- 11

5. Graph showing number of continuous-record streamflow-gagingstations in Kansas, water years 1895-1985 ----------- 12

6. Pie diagram showing number of continuous-record streamflow- gaging stations funded by each cooperator, fiscal year 1985 - - 12

iii

ILLUSTRATIONS Continued

Figure Page

7a. Map showing location of complete-record streamflow-gagingstations in operation during 1985 water year --------- 13

7b. Map showing location of partial-record streamflow-gagingstations in operation during 1985 water year- --------- 15

8. Graph showing number of ground-water-level measurement sitesin Kansas, 1950-85 water years ---------------- 16

9. Map showing number of ground-water-level measurement sitesby county for 1985 water year ----------------- 16

10. Map showing location of ground-water-quality sampling sitesfor 1985 water year ---------------------- 17

11. Pie diagram showing number of surface-water-quality and sedi­ ment sampling sites in Kansas supported by cooperators during 1985 water year ------------------------ 17

12. Map showing location of surface-water-quality and sedimentsampling sites for 1984 water year -------------- 18

13. Graph showing number of surface-water-quality and sedimentsampling sites in Kansas, 1930-84 water years --------- 18

14. Graph showing number of sampling sites in Kansas for each typeof water-quality analysis, 1985 water year ---------- 19

15. Map showing location of rainfall data-collection sites, 1984water year -------------------------- 20

16. Map showing location of special-purpose data-collection sites - 21

17. Map showing location of real-time data-transmission sites for1985 water year ------------------------ 22

18. Schematic diagram showing levels of project technical supportin the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey - 24

19. Schematic diagram showing report-preparation and reviewprocess ---------------------------- 25

20. Graph showing U.S. Geological Survey report productivity inKansas, 1975-85 ------------------------ 26

21. Map showing study areas of coal deposits in the WesternRegion, Interior Coal Province ---------------- 34

iv

ILLUSTRATIONS Continued

Figure Page

22. Map showing area underlain by High Plains aquifer and includedin Kansas portion of the High Plains RASA study -------- 35

23. Map showing area included in the Central Midwest RASA study - - 36

TABLES

Table Page

1. Attendees and agencies represented -------------- 2

2. Seminar agenda ------------------------ 4

3. Synopsis of interpretive projects in the Federal-State cooperative program that were selected for seminar presentation ------------------------- 27

Seminar attendees take time for

informal discussions.

Joe Rosenshein describes the Federal-State Cooperative Program.

vi

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM IN KANSAS,

SEMINAR PROCEEDINGS, JULY 1985

By

Thomas L. Huntzinger

ABSTRACT

During the past few years, water-resource management in Kansas has undergone reorientation with the creation of the Kansas Water Authority and the Kansas Water Office. New thrusts toward long-term goals based on the Kansas State Water Plan demand strong communication and coordination between all water-related agencies within the State. The seminar discussed in this report was an initial step by the Kansas Water Office to assure the continued presence of a technical-coordination process and to provide an opportunity for the U.S. Geological Survey to summarize their technical- information activities in Kansas for the benefit of State and Federal water agencies within the State. The seminar was held on July 8 and 9, 1985, in Lawrence, Kansas.

The agenda included a summary of the data-collection activities and short synopses of projects completed within the past year and those currently underway. The data-program discussions described the information obtained at the surface-water, ground-water, water-quality, and sediment sites in Kansas. Interpretive projects summarized included studies in ground-water modeling, area! hydro!ogic analysis, regional analysis of floods, low-flow, high-flow, and flow-volume characteristics, water quality of ground water and lakes, and travel time and transit-loss analysis. Project work included in the summaries was part of the Federal-State Cooperative Program and the U.S. Geological Survey's National Thrust Programs in Kansas.

INTRODUCTION

During the past few years, water-resource management in Kansas has undergone reorientation with the creation of the Kansas Water Authority and the Kansas Water Office. New thrusts in addressing water problems in Kansas are beginning to emerge through State agencies that are based on the Kansas State Water Plan. These trends toward specific long-term goals in water management demand a strong communication and coordination effort between the technical-information agencies and the planning, administrative, and enforcement agencies within the State. State agencies that have direct responsibility for specific aspects of water-resource interests in Kansas must maintain a consistent forum for information transfer. The seminar discussed in this report was an initial step by the Kansas Water Office to assure the continued presence of a technical-coordination process and pro­ vided an opportunity for the U.S. Geological Survey, the primary national information-gathering agency, to summarize their technical-information ac­ tivities in Kansas for the benefit of State and Federal water agencies within the State.

Discussion topics presented at the seminar were intended to provide all cooperating agencies and interested individuals with an overview of the entire U.S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative Program in Kansas.

Attendance and Agency Representation

The seminar was held on July 8 and 9, 1985, in Lawrence, Kansas. Those attending represented the range of State and Federal agencies involved in water resources in Kansas. Attendees and agencies they repre­ sent are listed in table 1.

Table 1. Attendees and agencies represented

Attendee name Agency

Way!and Anderson

James Bagley

Ray Barnes Rick Bean Hugh Bevans

Jerry Buckheim Jerry Buehre

Jerry Carr Al Clebsch Ralph Clement

Jane Denne Clark Duffy Darrel Eklund Claude Geiger Jay Gillespie

William Hambleton Cristi Hansen Joseph Harkins Robert Hart Manoutch Heidan*

Ralph Hight Thomas Huntzinger Kenneth Hurst Daljit Jawa Joan Kenny

Kansas State Board of Agriculture,Division of Water Resources

Kansas State Board of Agriculture,Division of Water Resources

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Tulsa, Oklahoma Kansas Department of Health and Environment U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas

U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Amarillo, Texas U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Kansas City,

MissouriU.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas U.S. Geological Survey, Lakewood, Colorado U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas

Kansas Geological SurveyKansas Water OfficeKansas Water OfficeU.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, KansasU.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas

Kansas Geological SurveyU.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, KansasKansas Water OfficeU.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, KansasKansas Geological Survey

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Tulsa, OklahomaU.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, KansasKansas Department of TransportationKansas Water OfficeU.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas

Table 1. Attendees and agencies represented Continued

Attendee name Agency

Hal Langford Keith LeGer Norman Lister Tom Lowe Tom McClain

Hal McGovern Jesse McNellis Kyle Medina Dick Pel ton Laura Perkins

Mike Pope James Power Dennis Remboldt Joe Rosenshein Ervin Sanders

James Schoof Floyd Smith

Don Snethen Marios Sophocleous Tim Spruill

John Stamer Tom Stiles Marvin Stevens Lloyd Stullken Robert Swain Yun-Sheng Yu

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia Kansas Department of Transportation U.S. Soil Conservation Service Kansas Water Office Kansas Geological Survey

U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas City of Topeka U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas

U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas Kansas Department of Health and Environment Federal Highway Administration U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Kansas City,

Missouri

Kansas Corporation CommissionKansas State University, Water Resources

Research InstituteKansas Department of Health and Environment Kansas Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas

U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas Kansas Water OfficeU.S. Geological Survey, Garden City, Kansas U.S. Geological Survey, Garden City, Kansas U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado University of Kansas, Water Resources

Research Institute

Summary of Seminar Agenda

The agenda was dominated by short synopses of selected projects within the cooperative program. Introductory presentations preceded each session to provide background information on the U.S. Geological Survey's operation as it related to the technical discussions.

The seminar agenda is shown in table 2.

Table 2. Seminar agenda

Time Activity Speaker

July 8, 1985

2:30-2:40

2:45-3:00

3:00-3:15

3:15-4:15

4:15-4:25

4:25-4:40

Welcome

Federal-State Cooperative Program Description

Cooperative Program from National and regional perspective

Cooperative program in Kansas

Federal-State Cooperative Data-Collection and Dissemination Program

Description of basic recordsSurface-water records Ground-water records Water-quality records Sediment records Special-purpose data Nati onal stream-qua!i ty

accountingHydro!ogic bench marks National atmospheric

deposition Rainfall Real-time data

Water use

Dissemination of data WATSTORE system NAWDEX

Data reports

Open discussion of future Federal-State cooperative data needs and coordination

Joe Harkins, Director Kansas Water Office

Joe Rosenshein, District Chief, U.S. Geological Survey

Joe Rosenshein, ModeratorAl Clebsch, Regional Hydro!ogistU.S. Geological Survey

Tom HuntzingerU.S. Geological Survey

Tom Huntzinger, Moderator

Claude GeigerU.S. Geological Survey

Joan KennyU.S. Geological Survey

Claude Geiger

Table 2. Seminar agenda Continued

Time Activity Speaker

4:25-4:40 Continued

July 8, 1985 Continued

Federal-State Cooperative interpretive projects and research

July 9, 1985

Clark Duffy, Moderator Kansas Water Office

9:00-9:20 U.S. Geological Survey, general project acti­ vities

Jerry Carr, Kansas District U.S. Geological Survey

9:20-10:00 Summary of cooperative projects completed since July 1984

10:00-10:30 Coffee break

10:45-11:30 Summary of completed pro­ jects, completed

11:30-12:00 Summary of selected current projects from following general categories:

Surface-water hydrology Surface-water quality

12:00-1:30 Luncheon -

Address: Federal Thrust Programs and Research

1:30-2:45 Summary of selected current projects from the follow­ ing general categories, continued

Ground-water quality Ground-water hydrology Ground-water/surface-

water interactions Areal hydrologic analyses Water use

Project StaffU.S. Geological Survey

Project StaffU.S. Geological Survey

Hal Langford, Assoc. Chief Hydrologist, U.S. Geological

Survey

Project StaffU.S. Geological Survey

Table 2. Seminar agenda Continued

Time Activity Speaker

July 9, 1985 Continued

2:45-3:00 Coffee break

3:00-3:30 Open discussion on future Federal-State cooperative project needs

3:30-4:00 U.S. Geological Surveythrust projects and pro­ jects with other Federal agencies conducted in Kansas

4:00-4:15 Data network evaluation

Networks for regional streamflow character­ istics

4:15-4:30 Potential directions of the U.S. Geological Survey and the coopera­ tive programs in the future - open discus­ sion

John StamerU.S. Geological Survey

Claude Geiger

Kyle MedinaU.S. Geological Survey

Hal Langford

Al Clebsch

Joe Rosenshein

Joe Harkins

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM IN KANSAS

The definition of a cooperative program in Kansas is, as paraphrased from the national definition:

"A partnership for water-resources information between the U.S. Geological Survey and State and local agencies."

Most State agencies administer the cooperative program through contracts, but the spirit of the contractual agreement for the program provides more than contractual services because of the broad and long-term interest that the U.S. Geological Survey has in water resources and hydrology. A thorough description of the cooperative program is included in "The U.S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative Water Resources Program" (Gilbert and Buchanan, 1981).

It is of particular interest for Kansas to note the early history of the cooperative program because the first such program in the Nation was in western Kansas in 1895, according to historic references (Gilbert and Buchanan, 1981). A quick look at the current streamflow-gaging station records indicates stations on four rivers that have data since 1895 the Medicine Lodge, the Smoky Hill, the Neosho, and the Verdigris.

The current cooperative program from the Survey's perspective is designed to:

* assure the program addresses State and local interests;

* assure the program addresses Federal interests;

* provide an objective and credible analysis of locally visible and sometimes sensitive issues;

* provide a technically consistent approach and, therefore, regionally comparable results; and

* provide continuity in a state's basic water-resources information program.

There are specific characteristics of the cooperative program in Kansas that are not necessarily unique in the Nation. The most important characteristics are:

* objectives negotiated through project proposals;

* project obligations are made through a joint-funding agreement;

* State and local funds are matched with Federal funds;

* direct credit is given for State and local agency efforts by matching them with Federal funds; and

* all technical resources of the Federal agency and its credibility are made available to State and local agencies.

The cooperative program in Kansas is competing with other states for Federal matching money. The technical basis for determining the distribu­ tion of funds to each state is a list of national priority issues that is updated each fiscal year. Proposed programs in Kansas that address national priority issues are more likely to receive Federal matching funds. The national priority issues for 1986 are:

* ground-water contamination;* stream quality;* water supply and demand;* hydrologic hazards;* hydrologic effects of energy and mineral activity;* wetlands, lakes, and estuaries; and* acid rain.

The top four national priority issues apply to the Nation, and the remainder are of national concern, but the problems may be of a regional nature.

A discussion of the trends in the size of the cooperative program is important because it represents the amount of opportunity that Kansas has taken to aquire hydrologic information. Based on U.S. Geological Survey water-resource funding in Kansas since 1980, the total program has varied from about $3.5 million during 1980 to about $2.5 million during 1984 (fig. 1). The Federal-State cooperative program has varied from about $2.2 million during 1980 to about $1.7 million during 1984. The U.S. Geo­ logical Survey's Federal program and the other Federal-agency programs have remained about the same through 1980-84. An indication of the dis­ tribution of program dollars for 1984 is shown in figure 2.

3,000

(0c

Oo

(0o

(03 O

(0O

UL

2.0OO

1,000-

US.G.S. FEDERAL

OTHERFEDERALAGENCIES

COOPERATIVE MATCH

COOPERATOR REPAY

198O 1981 1982 1983 1984 YEAR

COOPERATOR DIRECT CREDIT UNMATCHED '

Figure 1. Trends of U.S. Geological Survey program in Kansas,

The upper diagram in figure 2 represents the 1984 data program:

* after the U.S. Geological Survey, the largest contributors to the data program were other Federal agencies, in this case the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers;

* the largest State contributor was the Kansas Water Office, with the Kansas State Board of Agriculture and the Department of Health and Environment following it in cooperative-program size.

DATA PROGRAM (68% OF TOTAL)

KANSAS WATER OFFICE

KANSAS DEPT. TRANS.

KANSAS GEOL. SURVEY

KANSAS DEPT.HEALTH ft

ENVIRONMENT

KANSAS DEPT. TRANS. 1%

KANSAS DEPT. HEALTH ft

ENVIRONMENT

KANSAS GEOL. SURVEY 3.5%

WICHTTA 1.0% OTHERS 0.5%

INTERPRETIVEPROJECTS

132% OF TOTAL)

Figure 2. Distribution of U.S. Geological Survey program dollars forfiscal year 1984.

The lower diagram in figure 2 represents 1984 interpretive projects:

* the Kansas Water Office was the largest contributor to inter­ pretive projects during 1984, with the City of Wichita/Sedgwick County following it in program size.

* So far during fiscal year 1985, indications are that the Department of Health and Environment will be the largest State contributor.

An understanding of the organization of U.S. Geological Survey water- resources operations in Kansas for implementing the cooperative program provides insight into the capabilities of the Survey staff in Kansas. U.S. Geological Survey water-resource operational groups are diagrammed in figure 3. The existence of a separate ground-water specialist position is a reflection of the importance of ground water in Kansas. Specialist positions in water quality and surface water are assumed by project-office chiefs. Cooperators are advised to contact these individuals for infor­ mation and assistance.

DISTRICT CHIEF J. Rosenshein

ASSOCIATE CHIEF T. Huntzinger

GARDEN CITY SUB. DIST. L Stullken

REPORT PROCESSING

L. Combs

GROUND-WATERSPECIALIST

J. Carr

COMPUTER SERVICES J. McNellis

DATA MGM'T. C. Geiger

ADM. OFFICE D. Berry

Figure 3. U.S. Geological Survey water-resources operational groupsin Kansas.

DATA-COLLECTION AND DISSEMINATION PROGRAM

The U.S. Geological Survey has, as a part of its traditional mission, a responsibility for collecting hydrologic data and making it readily available to the public. The Survey's Hydrologic Data Management Section in Kansas is responsible for data-collection and dissemination activities. Data collection is a multidisciplinary function that involves surface water, ground water, and water quality. Records of all data collected are maintained for dissemination and analysis. The number of data-collection sites in Kansas for 1970-84 is shown in figure 4. Data were collected at these sites by the U.S. Geological Survey and various cooperators for many purposes, the most significant of which were as follows:

* to document regional and long-term hydrologic characteristics;

* to support short-term and problem-related hydrologic studies; and

* to provide current purpose and real-time management information.

10

3000 r

c eo33

2 2000o o

(0 o 5 1000

E3

TYPE OF DATA

SURFACE-WATER QUALITY

GROUND-WATER LEVELS

QUALITY OF WATER

74 76 78 80 Federal Fiscal Year

82 84

Figure 4. Number of data-collection sites by type of data, 1970-84.

Surface-Water-Quantity Data

The collection of surface-water-quantity data by the U.S. Geological Survey in Kansas was initiated in 1895 and has been a traditional respon­ sibility to the present. As indicated in figure 5, the program increased steadily until the 1960's and then, except for a few years, remained rela­ tively constant. Streamflow-gaging stations are operated in cooperation with various State and local agencies and with other Federal agencies. Also, some stations are part of a Federally mandated program, and funds are appropriated directly to the U.S. Geological Survey for station operations. The relative contributions of various cooperators to the collection of continuous-record streamflow-gaging data are shown in figure 6.

Continuous-record streamflow data are collected in terms of continuous- stage records and periodic discharge measurements. Based on these onsite measurements, a mean daily discharge record is computed and published. The geographic distribution of the streamflow-gaging stations for the 1985 water year is shown in figure 7a. Continuous-record reservoir elevation data are collected at all major storage reservoirs in Kansas. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers funds 17 sites; the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1 site; the Kansas Water Office, 5 sites; and the city of Wichita, 1 site.

11

160r

1910 1930 1950 Water Year

1970 1990

Figure 5. Number of continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations in Kansas,water years 1895-1985.

KANSAS WATER OFFICE

(68)

THER FEDERAL AGENCIES

59)

Figure 6. Number of continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations funded byeach cooperator, fiscal year 1985.

12

EX

PL

AN

AT

ION

Co

mp

lete

-reco

rd s

tati

on

s

and

n

um

be

r

No

te:

nu

mb

ers

s

ho

wn

are

ab

bre

via

ted

v

ers

ion

s

of

the

co

mp

lete

n

um

be

rs

giv

en

In

te

xt

Dra

ina

ge

b

asin

s6

Mis

so

uri

R

iver

bs

sln

7

Ark

an

sas

Riv

er

basin

Ba

sin

b

ou

nd

ary

Figure 7

a.--Location o

f complete-record

stre

amfl

ow-g

agin

g stations in

ope

rati

on d

uring

1985 w

ater y

ear.

Partial-record streamflow-gaging stations are sites at which only selected kinds of flow or stage data are collected. The Kansas Department of Transportation supports 60 stations where only high-flow data are re­ corded and the maximum stage and discharge of the year are published. Fifty-one stations are supported by either the Kansas Water Office or other Federal agencies and include not only high-flow stations but low-flow stations at which flow data are collected during times when no land-surface runoff is occurring. The geographic distribution of the partial-record streamf low-gaging stations for the 1985 water year is shown in figure 7b.

Ground-Water-Level Data

Kansas relies on ground water as a primary source of supply for most of the western part of the State. Therefore, the collection of ground-water- level data is a significant part of the data-collection program. Ground- water-data collection by the U.S. Geological Survey for the 1985 water year includes the determination of water levels at 1,800 wells; water levels were collected on a continuous basis at 11 sites; monthly, at 30 sites; and quarterly, at 388 sites. The remaining sites were measured annually. All ground-water-level data are published annually, and a water-level-decline map is prepared each year for western Kansas. The ground-water-data program became a major effort beginning in the 1960's, as shown in figure 8, and the number of measurement sites per county for the 1985 water year is given in figure 9.

Water-Quality and Sediment Data

The quality of ground water and the quality characteristics and sedi­ ment content of surface waters are critical to water users in Kansas. Ground-water-quality data are collected throughout the State, as indicated in figure 10. Samples are collected to determine the natural "background" quality of ground water, as well as to detect the presence and extent of possible contaminants.

Surface-water quality and sediment data-collection activities are sup­ ported by the Kansas Water Office, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the U.S. Geological Survey, as indicated in figure 11. All of the sites supported by the Kansas Water Office are sediment sites; there are no chemical- or biological-quality data sites currently funded by State agencies in Kansas. The location of surface-water quality and sediment sites throughout the State is shown in figure 12.

A general indication of the trend of the water-quality and sediment program in Kansas since 1930 is shown in figure 13. The types of water- quality determinations made include common anions and cations, minor ele­ ments, nutrients, bacteria, physical properties (temperature, pH, specific conductance), and sediment. Figure 14 shows the number of sites at which water-quality samples and sediment data are collected.

14

15

88

0^

41

58

7^

0I

'

l li."

"" ^

"'^

' X

" "^L"'"'1

'

EX

PL

AN

AT

ION

81

37

00

A

Hig

h-f

low

sta

tio

n a

nd

nu

mb

er

14

51

30

A

Lo

w-f

low

sta

tio

n

and

nu

mb

er

No

te:

nu

mb

ers

sho

wn

a

re

ab

bre

via

ted

ver

sio

ns

of

the

com

ple

te n

umbe

rs g

iven

in

tex

t

Dra

inag

e b

asin

s

6

Mis

sou

ri R

iver

bas

in

7

Ark

ansa

s R

iver

bas

in

Bas

in b

ou

nd

ary

Figu

re 7b.--Location

of p

arti

al-record

stre

amfl

ow-g

agin

g stations in

operation d

urin

g 19

85 w

ater y

ear.

3000 r-

500400

« o w o u> o wU> <O <O h- h- 00 000> o> o> o> o> o> o>

Figure 8. Number of ground-water-level measurement sites in Kansas, 1950-85water years.

Tl«PU«UC~'"~rwASH«l6TOH~ I MARSHALL TNBHAMA J WWW |

33 ! I !*C*TI« ! NWTON ""JpHiaifT" ""' SMITH"" ""Tiewa

, .35 i 3 i 2 ! i L , , , ,_ .,_ V L ___.1_ I I ! "T.niiJI I I I TATCWSOH "Vj T^tt. ^----Jj ---^.-.-^----^^ ^ r^-r-z^z-r^ j ^

; 68 i 65 i 52 i 24 i 2 ! 3 ! ! ' o HI 12 ! f=-T* I ._.i_ j i ! L r°'T:|«AUACE ILOGAI. ' T^ 4 .^ J j UUCOIH i | ! I 00 |"wo jfuis IRUSSEU I !

'311101 - i i u! ' ! i 21 j 5 i h -"^ - 1 ^L._._._i_ _ ; i ! ! ^ISWITH - A | I fJc^ -r^,, i^^J-,.-. ^J^._. ___ + .J, _J O « : .

I

J4 L..J.J Z L J 1 *1 JTMOWS V-T [ZsMf L___!__^

^_ . I "TTvoii 1 rmwKUN ^MIAWi" 1 i 8*" ! ° L._._._L_._J i i i

!l9|53j46i20| 12 | 12 1 21 k~|"~ P ^Hfco:^rr^-i^--L---4~^---r^^LT.-.-.-| 15 i " j f i j

i i ***""" ' _Q-I TSTW ° I -^ I ,__i , ! ! ! i ! i """ ' ,'_____J___-. iGREEN«000| i _j________j

| [surLEfl ] * "" "^" iu -" " ' i«3u»iw"* I

-.-J i i- ^-"

42 | 37i83p~i_27 [»i-J 50 I"'__'' *" * \ faia "'QS'---'irT~tir~r"s::~{48! 69 T- TAT'*"" !46 i49i34i ! ._ i 29 i 44(=-|k=~-}s5,-j- *y- i___|v=,-i43j45i41i 37 i 2 j 1 j 3

SUMNW I COWIEY

l_._._._J i" ii iI CHAUTAUOUA |

i !.1___ L

-

. 2 4 iLABETTS r^S«~" ( WWOKH J

1 i « i

Figure 9. Number of ground-water-level measurement sites by county for1985 water year.

16

_ L i- - L_ -

Figure 10. Location of ground-water-quality sampling sites for 1985 wateryear.

GEOLOGICALSURVEY

(15)

KANSAS WATER OFFICE (51)

Figure 11. Number of surface-water-quality and sediment sampling sites in Kansas supported by cooperators during 1985 water year.

17

NU

MB

ER

OF

SIT

ES

oo

(O c 0> I *

CO

I I z

c Or

n> -j c

7* -

J0>

-h

CO

Oo>

n> a*

-

rt

«x> a

>C

O T

O

I

i .a

oo c

4^

a*

01 -J

o*

a*

co-j

n>

</>

o. co

O> X3 13

(O rt a> CO

1970

1975

1980

1985

rl-

i.

O

-*> a

* o o

-j n

> i--»

«

vo a

* OO

rl-

-P*

n>s

7a*

jz

n- c

n>

01

<<

n-

rt> <

< a*

-j

a* CO a>

a. co

a* (O

co a> CO

260

240

220

200

a 180 5 160§140

g 120ffl1100Z 80

60

40

20

0

Ground water O Surface water

CMoe 65o o

if

UJ

Oj -jj (0

* 4*5O CO ffl

>*oe a a o(0

TYPE OF ANALYSIS

Figure 14. Number of sampling sites in Kansas for each type of water- quality analysis, 1985 water year.

Rainfall Data

A network of continuous-recording rain gages are maintained and funded primarily by the Kansas Water Office. The location of network data-collec­ tion sites is shown in figure 15.

Special-Purpose Data

Three special-purpose categories of data-collection activities are sup­ ported by the U.S. Geological Survey's Federal program in Kansas. The largest of these in terms of funding and number of monitoring sites is the National Stream-Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN). The NASQAN monitoring sites, seven of them in Kansas, are intended to document the general water quality at locations on major streams throughout the Nation in order to determine whether the quality of the Nation's surface waters is deteriora­ ting, improving, or remaining unchanged. Another national network that documents water quality is the Hydrologic Bench-Mark Network, which monitors the natural quality of streams draining representative natural basins. Hydrologic bench-mark basins are those that have no artificial storage or diversions, have insignificant ground-water pumpage, and in which human activity does not affect streamflow or water quality. Kansas has one hydro-

19

I OK/MM ! SMTH ! JEVAI. j tfKHX j WASHMGTON j ! NE»i"AJW"*"' I

..U JEU

! 2.L

~"hssr i

'It'ouT ^_._. .J.-^ L-^J 'T"CMs5

i i i ( ! O !^«o hn^-H ' «\ L_J

"j i________f~l 2 ^V-^->l^SHAW«[ !

'

* "~ """* ~"" " ^ » ^» L» _ - _ ^ L -^B. 1 P*WWK

MePHiMOII | MMWM i_r

JGKAV

i t

1 I HIU I .

H^ ! !' STAfFORO I ___ ___!_._ _._!_.

! i B£NO *"" I MASVHY

U -j SHBWICK <%

CHASE |

L- J

.<

scum.___ _ 4 m I

| WOODS*

I CHAUTAUOUA J

i !

Figure 15. Location of rainfall data-collection sites, 1984 water year.

logic bench-mark station located in the Konza Prairie Research area (Riley County) administered by Kansas State University at Manhattan. The other special-purpose data program in the U.S. Geological Survey's Federal program in Kansas is called the National Atmospheric Deposition Program, initiated to document the potential for acid-rain formation throughout the Nation. Data-collection sites designated by this program document the quality of wetfall and dryfall on a synoptic basis nationwide.

The location of special-purpose data-collection sites are shown in figure 16. The frequency of sampling is bimonthly for the NASQAN stations, except the one on the Arkansas River in Hamilton County, which is quarterly. The hydrologic bench-mark station is sampled quarterly. The atmospheric deposition sites are sampled at 9:00 a.m. every Tuesday.

Real-time Data Transmission

There has always been a need for "real-time" information by water- resource managers and forecasting agencies. Development of new technologies in instrumentation for monitoring and remote transmission of hydrologic information has increased the interest in the real-time transmission of data. Newly acquired computer-, electronic-, and satellite-communication facilities enable the U.S. Geological Survey to provide reliable and accu­ rate real-time data. The current system relies on the transmission of hydrologic data from a streamflow-gaging station to a satellite, which

20

I. I NEM»M4 BRO*M

--- ' \ ' f1 I CLOuoy^-rx, _ _L_.-l. .. 4 4,

LL'~"~ e!«" '"fmuv /7 p°IT*"»T0"* ! J*CKS(

.V U -' __U- -TON KEtftNV F.NNEX I

-1 \

I «»» U _._.J

A National Stream-Quality Accounting Network Station (NASQAN)

National Hydrologic Bench-Mark Station National Atmospheric Deposition Program

Figure 16. Location of special-purpose data-collection sites.

in turn transmits the information to a computer-receiving station on the ground. The computer at the receiving station then transmits the data by telecommunications to a local computer in Kansas or other states. Coop- erators then have continuous access to the information through the U.S. Geological Survey computer system. Presently, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers funds most of the real-time data-transmission sites in Kansas. The location of these sites is shown in figure 17.

Network Analysis

An evaluation of the data program is made periodically to assure that the data-collection sites are effective in providing hydrologic infor­ mation to Kansas. The objective in any network evaluation is to answer two questions:

1. What is the sacrifice in information for a given decrease in data- collection effort?

2. What is the additional information gained for a given increase in data-collection effort?

There have been three network evaluations since 1983. The first was an evaluation of the operation of the surface-water data program (Medina and

21

»' 'TlliuLY /^WMKMOmir! JACKSON ' ^«v \

I JCFFEKSON

Figure 17. Location of real-time data-transmission sites for 1985water year.

Geiger, 1984). Adjustments to the surface-water data-collection program are being made based on the results of this study. Also, an evaluation of the sediment-data network has been completed (Jordan, 1985), and the Kansas Water Office is in the process of working with the U.S. Geological Survey to make appropriate adjustments to the sediment-data network. Finally, an analysis of the surface-water network related to its effectiveness in pro­ viding regional hydrologic information has recently been completed (K. D. Medina, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 1985). An evaluation of the ground-water network was conducted in 1983 (T. B. Spruill, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 1985), and appropriate adjustments were made to the ground-water data network.

Water-Use Data

Documentation of water use is the means by which water-resources man­ agement establishes its goals for planning and operation of water supplies. The water-use program in Kansas is directed toward the following objectives:

* development of improved monitoring methods through instrumentation;

* statistical sampling of ground-water pumpage in selected irrigation areas;

22

* identification of crops and irrigated areas through remote sensing;

* determination of crop water requirements; and

* use of computer software for data compilation and annual reporting.

The U.S. Geological Survey documents water use in Kansas for the following categories:

* irrigation* industry* public supply* domestic* stock* recreation* power

Water-use data efforts are dominated by the need for irrigation water-use information because it is the major use in Kansas and accurate data are difficult to obtain.

Distributed Information System

The U.S. Geological Survey has an obligation to make all the data it collects available to the public. To meet that obligation, an annual water- data report is published (Geiger and others, 1984). In addition to the annual data report, a national data base is maintained on the U.S. Geological Survey computer system that is accessible by cooperators and the public upon request. The data base that provides this service is the National Water Data Storage and Retrieval System (WATSTORE). Prior to 1984, all information in the WATSTORE system was processed and stored on a mainframe computer system at Survey headquarters in Reston, Virginia. Since 1984, the U.S. Geological Survey has developed a new direction in data processing and storage. This new direction involves the establishment of a distrib- uted-information concept in which data are not centrally processed but are processed locally, and a communcation link is provided to integrate the data base by providing computer access to each local processing system. The U.S. Geological Survey's new system is called the Distributed Infor­ mation System (DIS). Cooperators may obtain access to the DIS upon request, just as they have with WATSTORE in the past.

INTERPRETIVE PROJECTS AND RESEARCH

Interpretive projects and research in the Federal-State cooperative program are synonymous with "problem solving" and involve varying levels and degrees of research and applied research. These problems are usually associated with an identified water-resources need, which if solved will provide an answer, or information, about hydro!ogic systems or processes. This information then can be used to guide or suggest courses of action that will best manage or protect the water resources of Kansas. In con-

23

ducting these project activities to solve problems, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with State and local governments and with other Federal agencies, collects hydro!ogic data, conducts resources appraisals and research, disseminates water data and results of studies, coordinates activities of Federal agencies in the acquisition of water data, and provides scientific and technical assistance.

Projects are conducted through completion by the assignment of a pro­ ject chief. Support personnel are provided as needed and include hydro- logic technicians and technical-staff assistance. Assistance provided by District, Regional, and Headquarters technical staff can substantially improve the design and results of a project. These Survey staff members are organized at each level by hydro!ogic discipline, such as surface water (fig. 18). In addition, they usually have a background in all hydro- logic disciplines because of their previous activities on multi-discipline project work. Project personnel may obtain assistance from Region or Headquarters at any time for ongoing project work or for planning anti­ cipated work.

Once a project is formulated and all goals are clearly defined, the project chief and the District staff monitor the progress of a project by completion of work units, or milestones. These milestones usually mark completion of such activities as data collection and analysis, modeling, and report writing. The report the principal product of the project is

PROJECT TECHNICAL SUPPORT

[PROJECT CHIEF!

DISTRICT TECHNICAL STAFF- Project office chiefs- Surface-water

specialist- Ground-water

specialist- Water-quality

specialist- Computer specialist- Report specialist

HEADQUARTERS TECHNICAL STAFF

- Surface Water Branch Staff- Ground Water Branch Staff- Water Quality Branch Staff- Systems Analysis Group- Expertise from other Regional

personnel- Expertise from districts outside

Central Region

REGIONAL TECHNICAL STAFF- Surface-water specialist- Ground-water specialist - Other- Water-quality specialist Districts*- Computer specialist expertise- Report specialist- Thrust-program coordinators- Regional research staff

Figure 18. Levels of project technical support in the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey.

24

produced, evaluated, and approved at several different levels. District staff review and guidance is carried out throughout the report-preparation process to insure technical quality control and timeliness of the report. A formal colleague review is scheduled when the report has met Survey standards. After the author has responded to colleague-review comments, the report is made available to the cooperator for review. Next the report undergoes review and approval by Regional and Headquarters staff. After Director's approval is obtained, the final report is published and released to the public. This process is illustrated in figure 19.

Author Annotated Outline

District Staff Overview

Author First Draft

District Staff Overview

Colleague Review

In-District Review

Out-of-District Review

Editorial Review

Author Revision

District Staff Overview

Regional Review

Headquarters Review

Director's Approval

Report Processing

Final Report

Figure 19.--Report-preparation and review process.

During 1980-85, the U.S. Geological Survey in Kansas published 106 water-related reports (fig. 20). This total included 81 interpretive reports and 25 data reports. Topics of the reports included stream-aquifer interaction, application of remote-sensing techniques in selected coal-mined areas, determination of irrigation pumpage, nitrate concentrations in ground water, natural ground-water recharge, flood-frequency analysis, urban effects on stream-water quality, and assessment of water resources in lead-zinc mined areas in southeast Kansas. Study areas ranged from small, local natural-recharge sites to areas that included the entire State. The number of reports published by the U.S. Geological Survey on the hydro­ logy of Kansas have varied from year-to-year but have averaged about 18 annually during the last 10 years. In general, the number of reports pro­ duced has increased per unit of program dollar. A listing of the reports

25

published and/or prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey is given in the report "Water-resources reports prepared by or in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey from 1886 to 1983" (Combs, 1985b). An insert for 1984 was provided in the seminar material.

Specific interpretive-project activities are listed in table 3. The projects are categorized based on completion since July 1984, or ongoing as of July 1985.

FEDERAL PROJECTS AND THRUST PROGRAMS IN KANSAS

Federal funds are appropriated by Congress to the U.S. Geological Survey and are identified in the budget for specific objectives. Also, the U.S. Geological Survey is funded by other Federal agencies for hydro!ogic studies. These activities provide hydrologic information to Kansas in addition to and independent of the Federal-State Cooperative Program. The U.S. Geological Survey's Federal program and other Federal-agency activ­ ities accounted for 36.8 percent of the total program in Kansas during fiscal year 1984.

CO

25 r-

20

£ 15

ff 10uCO

Interpretive report

Data report

! July

Figure 20. U.S. Geological Survey report productivity in Kansas, 1975-85,

26

Tabl

e 3. S

ynop

sis

of I

nter

pret

ive

proj

ects

1n t

he Fe

dera

l-St

ate

coop

erat

ive

prog

ram

that

wer

e selected

semj

nar

presentation

Project

shor

t ti

tle

Pres

ente

rProblem

Obje

ctiv

esReports

publ

ishe

d or in

preparation

Quality

of u

rban

U Po

pe

runoff

Quality

of s

uppl

y L.

Po

pe

lake

s

Proj

ects

com

plet

ed s

ince

July

1984

The

effe

cts

of u

rban

­ iz

atio

n on

rec

eivi

ng

streams

need t

o be

defined.

Form

atio

n of

tri

halo

- me

than

es from chlorl-

nati

on p

rocesses m

akes

the

know

ledg

e of

tr1

- ha

lome

than

e in

supply

lake

s Important.

Establish

a da

ta b

ase

of

hydr

olog

y an

d la

nd u

se;

determine

variability

1n

water

quality

of u

rban

streams; de

velo

p re

lati

on­

ship

s between

land

use

and

runoff q

uality.

Urba

n water-quality

data

and

statistical

summaries

for

selec­

ted

site

s 1n t

he

Shunganunga

Cree

k basin

(Pope

and

others,

1983

)

Relations

of u

rban

land-use a

nd d

ry-

weather, storm, and

snowmelt f

low

char

ac­

teri

stic

s to

stream-

water

quality,

Shun

ganu

nga

Cree

k basin

(Pop

e and

Bevans,

1984

)

Defi

ne w

ater-quality

char

acte

rist

ics

of

selected s

uppl

y lakes;

develop

relationships

between

lake

water

quality

and

lake

physi­

cal

characteristics;

develop

rela

tion

ship

s between

trlhalomethane

form

atio

n and

lake

physi­

cal

chacteristics.

Water-quality

recon­

nais

sanc

e of

selec­

ted

water-supply

lake

s 1n e

astern

Kans

as (Pope

and

others,

1985

)

Tab

le 3

. S

yn

op

sis

o

f in

terp

retive

pro

ject

s in

th

e F

ed

era

l-S

tate

co

op

era

tive

pr

ogra

m t

ha

t w

ere

sele

cte

dfo

r se

min

ar

pre

sen

tatio

n C

on

tinu

ed

Pro

ject

sh

ort

title

P

rese

nter

Pro

blem

Obje

ctiv

es

Rep

orts

p

ub

lish

ed

or

in

pre

para

tion

Pro

ject

s co

mpl

eted

si

nce

July

1

98

4 C

on

tinu

ed

Effect

s of

irriga­

tio

n

retu

rn

flow

on

wat

er qualit

y

T.

Sp

ruill

ro

ooF

lood

vol

ume

and

hig

h-f

low

vol

ume

R.

Cle

men

t

Tra

nsi

t lo

ss

and

trave

ltim

eT. Stiles

Poss

ible

cha

nges

in

quality

of g

roun

d an

d surface

water

due

to

agri

cult

ural

practices

need

doc

umen

ting

.

Statistically

summarize

and

desc

ribe

chemical

quality

of g

round

wate

r an

d base flow i

n th

ree

sele

cted

ir

riga

tion

dis­

tric

ts;

detect p

ossi

ble

long

-ter

m effects

of

irrigation o

n ground-

wate

r and

base

-flo

w qu

alit

y.

High-flow

information

Deve

lop

rela

tion

ship

sis

nee

ded

for

desi

gn

betw

een

peak

discharge,

and

evaluation o

f fl

ood

phys

ical

, cl

imat

ic,

control

and

water

sup-

and

basi

n ch

arac

teri

s-ply

on g

aged a

nd u

n-

tics

and o

bser

ved

gage

d st

ream

s.

stre

amfl

ow v

olum

es.

Components o

f the

natural

flow

sys

tem

and

impacts

of r

eser­

voir r

elea

ses

need

to

be d

efin

ed t

o properly

mana

ge w

ater s

uppl

y.

Define c

hara

cter

isti

cs

of m

ovem

ent

of w

ater

betw

een

stream,

aquifer,

and

atmo

sphe

re;

quan

tify

fl

ow a

ugme

ntat

ion

and

rese

rvoi

r st

orag

e re­

quir

emen

ts d

uring

drou

ghts

; evaluate

effe

cts

of c

hanges in

Statistical

evaluation

of t

he e

ffects o

f irri­

gation o

n quality

of

ground w

ater a

nd b

ase

flow o

f th

ree

stream

basins in n

orth

central

Kansas (S

prui

ll,

1985)

A me

thod

of

estimating

floo

d volume w

estern

Kansas (P

erry

, 19

84)

Magn

itud

e an

d frequency

of h

igh

flow

s of u

n­

regulated

streams

in

Kansas (Jordan, 19

84)

Tran

sit

losses an

d traveltimes

for

re­

servoir

releases d

ur­

ing

drou

ght

conditions

along

the

Neosho R

iver

from C

ounc

il Gr

ove

Lake

to

lola

, ea

st-

central

Kansas (Cars-

well an

d Hart,

1985

)

Tab

le 3

. S

yn

op

sis

of

inte

rpre

tive

pro

ject

s In

th

e F

ed

era

l-S

tate

co

op

era

tive

pr

ogra

m t

hat

wer

e se

lect

ed

for

sem

inar

pre

senta

tion C

ontin

ued

Pro

ject

sh

ort

title

P

rese

nter

Pro

blem

Obje

ctiv

es

Rep

orts

p

ub

lish

ed

or

in

pre

para

tion

Tra

nsi

t lo

ss

and

tra

velti

me

--C

on

t,

Pro

ject

s co

mpl

eted

si

nce

July

1984 C

ontin

ued

T.

Stile

s

natu

ral

hyd

rolo

gic

co

n­

ditio

ns

and

spe

cific

m

ange

men

t altern

atives.

ro

voGr

ound

-wat

er

rech

arge

M. Sophocleous

The

magnitude

ofna

tura

l re

char

ge is

no

t well kn

own

but

is important

in

dete

rmin

ing

the

potential

for

with­

draw

al of

ground

water.

Investigate

mech

anis

ms

of n

atural re

char

ge;

quan

tify

rec

harg

e rates;

comp

are

fiel

d and

lab­

or

ator

y measurements

with

model results.

Avai

labi

lity

of

natu­

ral

and

regulated

streamflows

for

in-

stream u

ses

during

historical dr

ough

ts,

lowe

r Neosho R

iver

, southeastern K

ansa

s (H

art

and

Stiles,

1984

)

Experimental studies

in n

atural ground-

water

recharge d

yn­

amic

s As

sess

ment

of

recent a

dvan

ces

in

inst

rume

ntat

ion

(Sophocleous a

nd

Perr

y, 19

84)

Experimental st

udie

s in

natural ground-

water

recharge d

yn­

amics The

analysis

of o

bser

ved

recharge

even

ts (Sophocleous

and

Perry, 19

85)

Natural

ground-water

inst

rume

ntat

ion

and

comp

utat

ion

at sites

in s

outh

-cen

tral

Ka

n­

sas

(in

preparation)

Tabl

e 3.

Syn

opsi

s of

int

erpr

etiv

e projects in

the Federal-State

coop

erat

ive

prog

ram

that w

ere

selected

for

seminar

presentation Continued

Proj

ect

shor

t ti

tle

Presenter

Problem

Objectives

Repo

rts

publ

ishe

d or in

pre

para

tion

Equus

beds

trans­

port

and f

low

modeling

R. Ha

rt

CO o

Anal

ysis

of

sali

n­

ity

in W

ellington

aquifer

near

Salina

J. Gi

lles

pie

Injection

potential

of A

rbuckl

e Group

J.

Car

r

Ong

oing

p

roje

cts

as of

July

19

85

Dem

ands

on

th

e

Equu

s Be

ds fo

r w

ater

su

pply

is

ex

pect

ed to

in

cre

ase

an

d th

e ca

pa

bili

ty of

the

aq

uife

r to

mee

t th

e de

man

ds

need

s to

be

b

ett

er

de

fine

d.

Des

crib

e th

e flo

w

sys­

te

m in

th

e E

quus

Be

ds

and

underlyi

ng

Welli

ng­

ton

aquifers

; d

efin

e

the

mov

emen

t of

ch

lo­

rid

e

ion

thro

ugh

the

Equu

s Be

ds aquifer.

Salin

e

grou

nd w

ater

is

D

efin

e m

ore

acc

ura

tely

di

scha

rged

to

th

e

Smok

y th

e ar

eas

of

brin

eH

ill

Riv

er,

an

d th

is

proc

ess

need

s to

be

better

unde

rsto

od.

Impa

cts

of

was

te in

­ je

ction

into

th

e A

rbuc

kle

need

eva

lu­

atin

g.

mov

emen

t; e

stim

ate

th

e vo

lum

e o

f brine

mov

ing

east

war

d in

th

e W

elli

ng­

ton

; d

efin

e

any

area

s o

f sa

line

wat

er

in

the

allu

via

l aquifer;

d

ete

r­

min

e lo

ca

tio

n o

f re

lief

wells

to

in

terc

ept

brines

mov

ing

into

th

e a

lluvi

um

an

d th

e

Smok

y H

ill

Riv

er.

Def

ine

the

gene

ral

regio

nal

geoh

ydro

logy

; as

sess

th

e pote

ntial

for

larg

e-s

cale

w

aste

in

jection t

o e

valu

ate

th

e p

ote

ntia

l effects

of

was

te in

jection

on

ove

rlyi

ng

aq

uife

rs

and

fresh

wate

r in

so

uth

- ce

ntr

al

Kan

sas.

Mod

el

analy

sis

of

grou

nd-w

ater

flo

w

and

solu

te tr

ans­

po

rt

in

the

Equu

s Be

ds

area

so

uth

- ce

ntr

al

Kan

sas

(in

pre

pa

ratio

n)

Geo

hydr

olog

y o

f th

e W

elli

ngto

n-a

lluvia

l aquife

r sy

stem

and

si

mula

ted e

ffects

of

relie

f w

ells

on

sa

line

gr

ound

-wat

er

dis

charg

e to

th

e Sm

oky

Hill

R

iver

near

S

alin

a,

cen

tra

l K

ansa

s (in

pre

pa

ra­

tio

n)

Pre

limin

ary

dat

a fr

om

Arb

uckl

e te

st

we

lls,

Mia

mi,

Dou

glas

, S

alin

e,

and

La

be

tte

C

ou

ntie

s,

Kan

sas

(Gog

el,

1981

)

Geo

hydr

olog

y of

the

Arb

uckl

e G

roup

in

Kan

sas

(in

pre

pa

ra­

tio

n)

K H

Tab

le 3. S

ynopsis

of

Inte

rpre

tive

pro

ject

s 1n

th

e

Fe

de

ral-S

tate

coopera

tive

prog

ram

that

wer

e se

lect

ed

sem

inar

fo

r pre

senta

tion C

ontin

ued

Pro

ject

sh

ort

title

P

rese

nter

Pro

blem

Obje

ctiv

es

Rep

orts

publis

hed

or

in

pre

para

tion

Gla

cial

deposi

ts

J.

Den

ne

Ong

oing

pro

ject

s as

of

July

19

85--

Con

tinue

d

Bed

rock

fo

rmatio

ns

con­

ta

in little

1f

any

fresh

wate

r,

but

larg

e

quantities m

ay

be

ava

ilab

le

from

buried

gla

cia

l deposi

ts if

the

ir e

xte

nt,

lo

ca-

(1)

Loca

te

and

de

llne

- Th

e hy

drog

eolo

gy

and

ate

maj

or

Ple

isto

cene

geoc

hem

istr

y o

f g

la-

aquife

rs of

nort

heast

ern

cia

l d

ep

osi

ts

1n

Kan

sas,

(2

) de

term

ine

nort

heast

ern

K

ansa

s gr

ound

-wat

er le

vels

in

(in

p

rep

ara

tion

) an

d sa

tura

ted t

hic

k­

ness

es o

f th

ese

aquifers

, (3

) an

alyz

e th

e P

leis

to­

cene

st

ratig

raphy

and

cha

ract

er

of

the

gla

cia

l deposi

ts,

(4)

anal

yze

the

qualit

y o

f w

ater

s co

nta

ine

d

in

the

Ple

isto

­ ce

ne aquifers

, (5

) de

­ te

rmin

e cu

rrent

munic

ipal,

ag

ricu

ltu

ral,

and

indus­

tr

ial

usag

e o

f th

e aqui­

fers

, an

d (6

) eva

luate

fu

ture

p

ote

ntia

l o

f th

e a

qu

ifers

as

w

ater

su

pplie

s.

Table

3. S

ynop

sis

of i

nter

pret

ive

projects In

the

Federal-State

coop

erat

ive

program

that

wer

e selected

sem-

jnar f0

r presentation Continued

Project

shor

t ti

tle

Pres

ente

rPr

oble

mObjectives

Repo

rts

publ

ishe

d or 1n

pr

epar

atio

n

Evaluation o

fha

zard

ous-

was

tesites

T.

Sp

rulll

CO ro

Flo

od-f

requ

ency

an

alys

esR.

C

lem

ent

Ong

oing

pro

ject

s as

o

f Ju

ly

1985 C

ontin

ued

Haz

ards

to

h

ea

lth

and

the

envi

ronm

ent

from

ha

zard

ous-

was

te d

is­

posa

l ne

ed to

be

de

term

ined

.

Flo

od

mag

nitu

de

and

freq

uenc

y ne

ed

de­

finin

g to

assis

t in

hi

ghw

ay

and

drai

nage

desi

gn;

floodpla

in

man

agem

ent

and

de

ter­

m

ina

tion

of

flood risk.

Com

pile

site

his

tory

an

d h

ydro

ge

olo

gic

an

d ch

em

ica

l-q

ua

lity

info

r­

mat

ion

to e

valu

ate

poss

ible

co

nta

min

atio

n

at

haza

rdou

s-w

aste

site

s;

ide

ntify

p

rin

­ cip

al

cont

amin

ants

ass

oci

ate

d w

ith

spe

ci­

fic

type

s of

was

te

site

s.

Def

ine

floo

d-f

req

uency

ch

ara

cte

ristics o

f ga

ged

stre

ams

in

Kan

sas;

m

ain

tain

a

data

ba

se

of

floo

d

info

rmatio

n;

de­

velo

p m

etho

ds

for

esti­

mat

ing

floo

d-f

req

ue

ncy

ch

ara

cte

ristics

at

un-

gage

d sites.

Eva

lua

tion

of

po

ten

­ tial

haza

rdou

s-w

aste

sites

in

Kan

sas

(in

pre

para

tion)

De

term

ina

tion

of

floo

d-f

req

ue

ncy

chara

cte

ristics

on

un

reg

ula

ted

st

ream

s in

K

ansa

s,

with

esti­

mat

ion

tech

niqu

es fo

r un

gage

d lo

catio

ns

(in

pre

para

tion)

Tabl

e 3.

--Sy

nops

is o

f in

terp

reti

ve pr

ojec

ts 1n

the

Federal-State

cooperative

program

that w

ere

selected

semi

nar

for

presentation Cont1nued

Project

shor

t ti

tle

Presenter

Pro

blem

Ob

ject

ive

sR

epor

ts

publis

hed

or

in

pre

para

tion

Sed

gwic

k C

ount

y hy

drol

ogy

Ong

oing

pro

ject

s as

of

July

19

85--

Con

tinue

d

H.

Bev

ans

Cur

rent

hyd

rolo

gle

D

ocum

ent

the c

urr

en

t in

form

atio

n

1s

need

ed

quantit

y an

d qualit

y

to p

rovi

de

a

scie

ntific ch

ara

cte

ristics of

CO

CO

basi

s fo

r managing

wate

r resources.

the

water

reso

urces;

determine

the

extent

and

caus

es of

his

to­

ric

chan

ges

in w

ater-

reso

urce

s character­

isti

cs;

eval

uate

water

reso

urce

s with

resp

ect

to w

ater

- su

pply

req

uire

ment

s.

Wate

r-re

sour

ces

char

- te

rist

ics

in S

edgwick

County,

Kansas (i

n preparation)

Water

supply a

nd d

e­

mand in Sedgwick

County,

Kansas

(in

preparation)

Other Federal agencies that cooperate with the U.S Geological Survey are the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The Corps of Engineers provides funding for the operation of streamflow-gaging stations and data-collection platforms. The Bureau of Reclamation has funded studies to evaluate various management alternatives for stream-aquifer systems in the North Fork and South Fork Solomon Rivers and for the operation of one streamflow-gaging station. The Environmental Protection Agency has funded computerized con­ touring of depth to water for selected counties in the United States. The U.S. Geological Survey's Federal program in Kansas includes the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX), an index of computerized water information, hydrologic data collection and analysis, hydrology in coal areas, acid-rain data, regional aquifer system analyses, and toxic-substances hydrology.

The U.S. Geological Survey's Federal program in data collection in­ cludes the National Stream-Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) and the hydrologic bench-mark network. These are part of the nationwide data networks for water-quality monitoring.

The coal-hydrology program was initiated to provide water data and hydrologic information needed to evaluate the effects of mining and re­ clamation on streams and aquifers and to aid in the leasing and permitting process for mining coal on Federal lands. Coal deposits in Kansas are not on Federal lands, but they are located in the Western Region of the Interior Coal Province (fig. 21) in east-central and southeast Kansas. The U.S. Geological Survey has either contributed independently or jointly to 11 reports on coal hydrology in the State. Eight of the reports were part of

MISSOURI

ARKANSAS

Reports published before FY 1985

Reports published in FY 1985

Figure 21.--Study area of coal deposits in the Western Region, InteriorCoal Province.

34

the Federal coal program and three were part of the Federal-State cooper­ ative program with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment or the Kansas Geological Survey.

A Regional Aquifer System Analysis (RASA) is a systematic study of a number of regional ground-water systems that represent a significant part of the Nation's water supply. The purpose of the program is to provide the necessary information to develop and manage water resources from a regional perspective. Two of the 13 RASA projects in the Nation are underway in Kansas the High Plains and the Central Midwest projects. The High Plains project is headquartered in Denver, Colorado, and the Kansas portion is directed out of the Survey office in Garden City, Kansas. The Central Midwest project is headquartered in Lawrence, Kansas, and the Kansas portion is directed out of Lawrence.

The Ogallala Formation is the uppermost and principal geologic unit in the High Plains aquifer (fig. 22). A digital model of the High Plains aqui­ fer was developed by the Survey to define the general flow pattern and aquifer characteristics. The general water quality of the aquifer also was determined. Eight reports on the High Plains aquifer in Kansas have been prepared (see "Selected References").

Another RASA study presently underway is the Central Midwest RASA study, which encompasses parts of 10 states and all of Kansas (fig. 23). The focus of the Kansas project is on the hydrology of the freshwater, brackish-water, and saline-water aquifer systems in rocks of Cambrian- Ordovician to Cretaceous ages that underlie the High Plains aquifer in the western part of Kansas. The Dakota aquifer is being investigated as a

I I!- ! i i j 4-:-: -V-- i MMO ^ r£-T^r«JoLrr^«

/ i f-. ^ \

OSBOMC I MTCHfU

Boundary of High! r""7~""~" i

__ UWUJLN

Pllains aquifer

Figure 22. Area underlain by High Plains aquifer and included in Kansasportion of the High Plains RASA study.

35

GREAT PLAINS AQUIFER SYSTEMINTERIOR PLAINS AQUIFER SYSTEMOZARK PLATEAUS AQUIFER SYSTEM

TRANSITION ZONE

Figure 23. Area included in the Central Midwest RASA study.

potential source of water supply to supplement the limited High Plains aquifer. Five reports are in progress for the Central Midwest project in Kansas.

Toxic-waste ground-water hydrology programs include the national ap­ praisal of ground-water quality. There are 14 national appraisals, one of which is a study of the High Plains aquifer in Kansas. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the impacts of land use on ground-water quality. Initial studies are of a reconnaissance nature. The study in Kansas is related to agricultural and petroleum activities In the western part of the State. Project work began in 1984 and is continuing. The project is being conducted from the Survey office in Garden City. A draft of an interim report describing the results of studies on agriculture has been prepared, and a report on the results of ground-water studies relating to the petroleum industry will follow.

FINAL REMARKS

The July 1985 seminar resulted in a thorough overview of U.S. Geolog­ ical Survey programs in Kansas and provided the initial step in a continued effort toward increased coordination between Federal and State water agen­ cies. Discussions indicated that subsequent seminars should provide a balanced forum where all participants contribute to discussions related to priorities of the Federal-State Cooperative Program from their agency's perspective.

36

There is a tendency for individual agencies, both Federal and State, to become narrower in perspective and to limit their interests to short-term priorities. The U.S. Geological has an obligation to the public to be persistent in its efforts to provide long-term direction to water-resource information-gathering activities as State-agency priorities change with time. Hydro!ogic analysis often requires an uninterrupted flow of infor­ mation for extended periods of time to be of any value. Therefore, State agencies need to be sensitive to the collective needs for information by individual programs and to continually resist the temptation for parochi­ alism, which increases the potential for loss of hydrologic information to the State.

The initial momentum has been provided for an annual discussion and coordination of individual agency programs in water resources. The Kansas Water Office and the U.S. Geological Survey will continue to provide an opportunity for information transfer on a timely basis in the future.

SELECTED REFERENCES

Carswell, W. J., Jr., and Hart, R. J., 1985, Transit losses and travel times for reservoir releases during drought conditions along the Neosho River from Council Grove Lake to lola, east-central Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4003, 40 p.

Combs, L. J., 1985a, Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Sur­ vey in Kansas fiscal years 1983 and 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-178, 97 p.

___1985b, Water-resources reports prepared by or in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, Kansas, 1886-1983: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-609 (insert for 1984 included in seminar materials packet), 117 p.

Dodd, Kurt, Fuller, H. K., and Clarke, P. F., compilers, 1984, Guide to obtaining USGS information: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 900, 35 p.

Edwards, M. D., 1980, NAWDEX A key to finding water data: Popular Pub­ lications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 15 p.

Geiger, C. 0., 1985, Station operation list, Kansas District, U.S. Geolog­ ical Survey: Uncirculated list available from U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas, 20 p.

Geiger, C. 0., Lacock, D. L., Shelton, L. R., Penny, M. L., and Merry, C. E., 1984, Water resources data, Kansas, water year 1983 (published annu­ ally): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report KS-83-1, 483 p.

37

Gilbert, B. K., and Buchanan, T. J., 1981, The U.S. Geological Survey Federal-State cooperative water resources program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-691, 27 p.

Gogel, Tony, 1981, Preliminary data from Arbuckle test wells, Miami, Douglas, Saline, and Labette Counties, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1112, 155 p.

Hart, R. J., and Stiles, T. C., 1984, Availability of natural and regulated streamflows for instream uses during historical droughts, lower Neosho River, southeastern Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4292, 42 p.

Jordan, P. R., 1984, Magnitude and frequency of high flows of unregulated streams in Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-453 (pending publication as a Water-Supply Paper), 45 p.

___1985, Design of a sediment data-collection program in Kansas as af­ fected by time trends: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investi­ gations Report 85-4204, 111 p.

Kilpatrick, M. C., 1981, WATSTORE A WATer Data STOrage and ^REtrieval System: Popular Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 15 p.

Medina, K. D., and Geiger, C. 0., 1984, Evaluation of the cost effective­ ness of the 1983 stream-gaging program in Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4107, 57 p.

Pabst, M. E., 1983, Kansas ground-water observation-well network, 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-528, 57 p.

Pabst, M. E., and Stullken, L. E., 1981, Altitude and configuration of water table in High Plains aquifer in Kansas, 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations, Open-File Report 81-1004, scale 1:500,000, 1 sheet.

___1982a, Altitude and configuration of water table in High Plains aquifer in Kansas, 1960: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-429, scale 1:500,000, 1 sheet.

___1982b, Altitude and configuration of water table in High Plains aquifer in Kansas, 1965: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-449, scale 1:500,000, 1 sheet.

___1982c, Altitude and configuration of water table in High Plains aquifer in Kansas, 1970: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-448, scale 1:500,000, 1 sheet.

Perry, C. A., 1984, A method of estimating flood volumes in western Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4164, 18 p.

38

Pope, L. M., Arruda, J. A., and Vahsholtz, A. E., 1985, Water-quality recon­ naissance of selected water-supply lakes in eastern Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4058, 47 p.

Pope, L. M., and Bevans, H. E., 1984, Relations of urban land-use and dry- weather, storm, and snowmelt flow characteristics to stream-water quality, Shunganunga Creek basin, Topeka, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-750 (pending publication as a Water-Supply Paper), 64 p.

Pope, L. M., Diaz, A. M., and Butler, M. K., 1983, Urban water-quality data and statistical summaries for selected sites in the Shunganunga Creek basin, Topeka, Kansas: Kansas Department of Health and Environment Bulletin B2-49, 203 p.

Sophocleous, M. A., and Perry, C. A., 1984, Experimental studies in natural groundwater recharge dynamics Assessment of recent advances in instru­ mentation: Journal of Hydrology, v. 70, p. 369-382.

___1985, Experimental studies in natural groundwater recharge dynamics-- The analysis of observed recharge events: Journal of Hydrology (in press).

Spruill, T. B., 1985, Statistical evaluation of the effects of irrigation on chemical quality of ground water and base flow in three river val­ leys in north-central Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4156, (in press).

Stullken, L. E., and Pabst, M. E., 1981, Altitude and configuration of water table in the High Plains regional aquifer of Kansas, 1975: U.S. Geo­ logical Survey Open-File Report 81-144, scale 1:500,000, 1 sheet.

___1982, Altitude and configuration of the water table in the High Plains aquifer in Kansas, pre-1950: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-117, scale 1:500,000, 1 sheet.

Stullken, L. E., Watts, K. R., and Lindgren, R. J., 1985, Geohydrology of the High Plains aquifer, western Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water- Resources Investigations Report 85-4198, (in press).

U.S. Geological Survey, 1985, Federal program activities of the Water Resources Division, April 1985, prepared for cooperating agencies: U.S. Geological Survey, 46 p.

Watts, K. R., and Stullken, L. E., 1981, Generalized configuration of the base of the High Plains aquifer in Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-344, scale 1:500,000, 1 sheet.

39