coaching in the heart of europe: expatriation in the light of post- conventional ego-development
TRANSCRIPT
Coaching in the Heart of Europe:
Expatriation in the light of post-conventional ego-development
Background
Expatriation mainly approached from cultural and organisational perspectives
Focus of coaching: skills, cross-cultural aspects, the initial phase of the transition
Own experience as an expat
Suggestion: the real potential for personal growth lies in the period that follows the initial phases of
cultural relocation
Literature review
Essential to consider:
1. Approaches to self-development - what does literature mean by human development?
2. What may stimulate personal growth?
Main concepts
• Preference towards the cognitive developmental line - approaching human growth through the development of the self
• Transformation of mental processing: how individuals make meaning of their experiences throughout the life course
• Challenging life-events may stimulate development
(require adaption and new learning, challenge one’s worldview, conscious mental occupation, emotional engagement with the event, more complex interpersonal environment than the individual, turning inward)
Key underlying theoretical formulation
Ego-Development Theory (Cook-Greuter, 1999, 2000, 2005) :
It describes a sequence of how mental models evolve over time. Each stage emerges from the synthesis of doing (coping, needs and ends, purposes), being (awareness, experience, affect) and thinking (conceptions, knowledge, interpretations), and each new level contains the previous ones as subsets (Cook-Greuter, 2005, p.3)
Four realms: pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional, ego-transcendent
Altering stages of differentiation and integration(Cook-Greuter, S., 2005. p.4)
No data on what may foster ego-development from one stage to another
The specificities of Brussels
• Expats make up nearly 2/3 of the population
• High level of cultural complexity
• No one single Belgian identity no frame of reference!
• Linguistic characteristics: most expats speak no FR or NL
• The particular circumstances provide a unique climate which facilitates ego-development beyond the conventional stages
Research objectives
1) Demonstrate whether expatriation in the cases of the research participants has contributed towards post-conventional development
2) Demonstrate whether it is possible to identify similarities of patterns in the individuals’ developmental process
3) Gain an insight into the clients’ experiences with coaching related to their developmental process
4) Develop an overview of the developmental themes that characterised the participants’ growth in the different phases – benefits for coaching
Methodology
• A positivist taste to an interpretevist approach
• Constructivist/interpretevist study - Heurestic research method
• 6 research participants
• Sampling via the Internations and LinkedIn websites
• Data collection: self-reflective stimulus activity and semi-structured in-depth interviews
• Analysis in 2 phases:
1. understanding the participants’ developmental processes in the light of the EDT
2. comparing the data to seek common patterns in their development
Propositions emerging from the data
All participants seem to have reached the post-conventional realm
differences in their path and pace of getting there
strong influence of background
Proposition One: Impact of the culture of home country on one’s
relocation capacity
• Individuals coming from more individualistic societies are raised as naturally more introspective, self-reflective and independent thinkers
• They seem to handle solitude betterimportant capacity in the transition between the conventional and post-conventional realms (awareness of cultural and personal conditioning, reconstructing self-identity and value system)
Proposition Two:Impact of a multicultural background on the
perception of self-identity
• The impact of cultural conditioning on the perception of self-identity in those individuals coming from multicultural backgrounds is not as dominant as in those coming from a single cultural background
• The process of reconstructing their self-identity is smoother and more liberating for them
Proposition Three:Self-actualisation and meaning-making
• Important relationship between one’s strive for meaning-making and self-actualisation needs (becomes dominant at the Autonomous stage)
• No common patterns identified in the way participants see the path towards self-actualisation – seems purely dependent upon one’s personality
Proposition Four:Spirituality and ego-development
• In the post-conventional tier individuals start to abandon purely rational reasoning and open up towards a more holistic worldview, including the spiritual dimension
• 5 out of the 6 participants have engaged in spiritual practice
• New sense of body-mind awareness, conscious work on personal well-being
Proposition Five:Coaching and development
• Above the conventional realm individuals may feel a natural drive to seek external help with their developmental process – coaching, psychotherapy, spiritual guidance
• Coaching can be an excellent complement to spiritual practice
Proposition Six:The ‘competitive edge’ of Brussels in facilitating
individuals’ development
• Brussels indeed offers certain particular conditions that may facilitate/provoke and accelerate individuals’ development to an extent which might not be characteristic in other cities
• These seem to have contributed towards the participants’ post-conventional development extensively
Findings
• Illustrate the changes that may occure in the cultural relocators’ mental processing during their development
• Highlight the themes with which individuals at the different post-conventional stages may be pre-occupied
• Synthesized in a table – more ‘user-friendly’
• Benefits for coaching: help coaches understand the type of thought processing patterns and the interrelated topics of concern clients might present at a session, highlight potential correlations between these factors and the clients’ cultural background, raise awareness of the need for a holistic approach to expats’ development
Transition from the conventional to the post-conventional realm
Introduction of the Autonomous stages
Introduction of the post-Autonomous stages
Limitations and suggestions
• First qualitative enquiry that places expatriation into the context of ego-development and the EDT into a coaching context
• No tested and proven qualitative tool at disposal
• Focus only on the second and third tiers
• Not done on a representative sample
• Develop this study on comparision groups further
• Worthwhile conducting similar research in other multicultural cities as well, also with a focus on children and adolescents
Thank you for your attention