coal chm applied geology
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/12/2019 Coal ChM Applied Geology
1/20
Coal deposits casesstudies- CBM
Chrystian Mazur, AGH,Drilling, Oil and Gas Faculty
-
8/12/2019 Coal ChM Applied Geology
2/20
What is coal?
Coal is a fossil fuel and is the altered remainsof prehistoric vegetation that originallyaccumulated in swamps and peat bogs. Coalis composed primarily of carbon along with
variable quantities of other elements,chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, andnitrogen.
-
8/12/2019 Coal ChM Applied Geology
3/20
Uses of coal
Coal is the largest source of energy for thegeneration of electricity worldwide, as acoal or to make . It is used in many otherindustries, like: metallurgy, chemical and
petrochemical issues. Separatedingredients of coal (such as methanol andethylene) are used in making plastics, tar,synthetic fibers, fertilizers, and medicines.
-
8/12/2019 Coal ChM Applied Geology
4/20
How coal was formed?
For millions of years, a layer of dead plants at
the bottom of the swamps was covered by
layers of water and dirt, trapping the energy ofthe dead plants. The heat and pressure from the
top layers helped the plant remains turn into
what we today call coal. This proces is known
as a coalification.
-
8/12/2019 Coal ChM Applied Geology
5/20
Coalification, rank of coals
PEAT BROWN Subbituminous BituminousCOAL COAL COAL
-
8/12/2019 Coal ChM Applied Geology
6/20
Rank of coals- comparison
Coal RankCarbonContent
VolatileMatter
CalorificValue
MoistureContent
Peat 60% >53% 16,8 MJ/kg >75%
Brown Coal 60-71%
53-49% 23 MJ/kg 35%
SubbituminousCoal
71-77%
49-42% 29,3 MJ/kg 25-10%
Bituminous
Coal
77-
87%
42-29% 36,25 MJ/kg 8%
Anthracite >87% 29-8% >36,25 MJ/kg
-
8/12/2019 Coal ChM Applied Geology
7/20
Coal deposits- Poland
http://www.euracoal.org
-
8/12/2019 Coal ChM Applied Geology
8/20
Coal deposits- USA
-
8/12/2019 Coal ChM Applied Geology
9/20
CSG
Coal Seam Gas (CSG) is natural gas foundin coal deposits (mostly CH4). The coal andgas are formed from plant matter underpressure over many millions of years. Coal
seam gas is used in the same way as anyother form of natural gas for cooking andheating as well as in industrial processesand electricity generation.
-
8/12/2019 Coal ChM Applied Geology
10/20
CBM/CMM/AMM
Coal Bed Methane (CBM)Methane recovered from un-mined coalseams.
Coal Mine Methane (CMM)Methane recovered during mining activitiesas the coal is in the process of beingextracted and thus emitting significantquantities of the gas.
Abandoned Mine Methane (AMM)Methane recovered from mines that havebeen abandoned following the completionof mining operations.
-
8/12/2019 Coal ChM Applied Geology
11/20
-
8/12/2019 Coal ChM Applied Geology
12/20
Quantity of CBM production in USA
-
8/12/2019 Coal ChM Applied Geology
13/20
CBM reservoirs around the World
CountryGas-in-place Recoverable resources
[1012scf] [1012Nm3] [1012scf] [1012Nm3]
Russia 450-2000 12,7-56,6 200 5,66
China 700-1270 19,8-35,9 100 2,83
USA 500-1500 14,2-42,5 140 3,96
Australia/NewZealand
500-1000 14,2-28,3 120 3,40
Canada 340-450 10,2-13,0 90 2,55
Poland 20-50 0,6-1,4 5 0,14
World-Total 3540-7630 100,2-215,8 830 23,5
Source: Kuuskraa & Stevens, 2009
-
8/12/2019 Coal ChM Applied Geology
14/20
-
8/12/2019 Coal ChM Applied Geology
15/20
CBM- Extraction
CBM is extracted by
drilling a well into a
coal seam applying
similar techniquesused for other natural
gas wells. CBM flow
through into the well
bore and up the casingto the surface.
-
8/12/2019 Coal ChM Applied Geology
16/20
Production Stimulation
In some locations, there are few naturalpathways for water and gas to flow withinthe coals. In this situation a fluid, made ofpredominantly water and sand with a small
number of chemical additives (USA coals)or some oil based gel (China coals), ispumped down the well bore and into anisolated section of the coal under pressure
to create additional pathways (fractures)to help release and extract the gas. Thesand holds the fracture open. This processis known as fracture stimulation orfracking.
-
8/12/2019 Coal ChM Applied Geology
17/20
Production Stimulation
Other forms of production stimulation aredrilling horizontal, multilateral wells andthen fracking or CO2 sequestration calledECBM, which consist on pumping large
amount of CO2 to reservoir. It is adsorbedinto the coal subsurface matrix, displacingCH4 this method is one of the mostefficient, althought it is not cheap (1.project San Juan basin- Allison unit ).
-
8/12/2019 Coal ChM Applied Geology
18/20
CBM- Poland
In the early 90s there was a huge boom forCBM technology in Poland due to Americancompanies: Amoco and Texaco, there havebeen done some resarches in Upper
Silesian Basin (GZW), but without positiveresults. Recently Australian company DartEnergy, after doing some wells usingmodern technolgies to estimate CBM
resources (2013). In 2012 ECBM was usedin Jureczka, without promising outcomes.
-
8/12/2019 Coal ChM Applied Geology
19/20
References
Metan pokadw wgla: zasoby i eksploatacja- Jerzy Hazdro,Izabela Wjcik
Hydraulic Fracturing Technique for Low Permeability CoalbedMethane Gas Reservoirs- Jinzhou Zhao, SPE, Dali Guo,Yongquan Hu, Wenbin Chen, Jidong Tian and Lujun Ji-Southwest Petroleum Institute, China
Economics for Enchanced Coalbed Methane (ECBM) and CO2Sequestration with Horizontal Wells- Sinicha A. Jikich, Grant S.Bromhal, W. Neal Sams, F. Burcu Gorucu, Turgay Ertekin,Duane H. Smith
http://www.coalcrusher.org
http://www.euracoal.org
http://www.aplng.com.au
http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/
http://www.eia.gov/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal
-
8/12/2019 Coal ChM Applied Geology
20/20
Thanks for your attention!