coal concepts proficiency testing general analysis … · the coal concepts scheme adheres to the...

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COAL CONCEPTS PROFICIENCY TESTING

GENERAL ANALYSIS SAMPLE

REPORT EIGHTY

Revision 00

Final report

DATE ISSUED: 30 JUNE 2018

PARTICIPANT

SCHEME COORDINATOR: K MUNSAMY

SIGNATURE: _____________________

CHECKED BY: R BABOOLAL (SCHEME MANAGER)

Disclaimer: Opinions and interpretations expressed herein are outside the scope of SANAS accreditation *Moisture in the analysis sample is not included in the SANAS schedule of accreditation as robust statistics cannot be applied.

Chlorine, Fluorine, Quick ash, ASTM ash and ASTM Volatiles is not included in the scope of accreditation.

THINKING QUALITY, QUALITY THINKING

REGISTRATION NUMBER: 2006/149731/23 (RMB INDUSTRIAL STATIONERS cc t/a)

81 CERAMIC CURVE, ALTON, RICHARDS BAY 3900 l TEL: +27(0)35 751 2446 l CEL: +27(0)83 6500151 l FAX: 0862605793

E-MAIL: [email protected]

LABORATORY CODE:

mailto:[email protected]

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. One hundred and nine samples were sent to participants with 107 timeous result submissions

2. The total number of outliers found were as follows (dry base):

ISO Volatile Matter x 5

Calorific Value x 5

Sulphur x 1

3. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Chlorine, Fluorine, ASTM Ash & ASTM Volatile Matter participants were insufficient to warrant robust statistical calculations. The average result was used as the assigned value.

4. Trending for your laboratory is as follows:

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ITEM

PAGE NUMBER

Letter to participant

4

List of participants

5

Type of sample used

6

Preparation of sample

6

Homogeneity check

6

Stability check

7

ISO Ash data

8

ISO Ash z-score trend

9

Quick Ash data & trend 10

ISO Volatile matter data

11

ISO Volatile matter z-score trend

12

Calorific value data

13

Calorific value z-score trend

14

Total sulphur data

15

Total sulphur z-score trend

16

Phosphorous data and Z-Score trend

17

Carbon data / Hydrogen data / Nitrogen data

18

AFT data and z-scores

19

ASTM Ash and ASTM Volatile matter, Chlorine & Fluorine 20

Conclusion

21

Terms & Conditions 22

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Dear Participant

RE: PROFICIENCY TESTING RESULTS FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 2018

Thank you for your participation in the Coal Concepts proficiency testing scheme.

Your laboratory code is

All results are totally confidential. Any results in Bold, Italics and Underlined are outliers. Where applicable, the most

extreme outliers have been eliminated from calculations using the Grubbs estimate for outliers. Robust statistics has been

applied where possible. Analysis results have been reported on air dry and dry base. The dry base results have been used

to calculate the z-scores.

Please take note of the following:

1. Z-scores between -1 and +1 is deemed acceptable

2. Z-scores between -2 and -3 should serve as a warning that the analysis result could get worse

3. Z-scores between +2 and +3 should also serve as a warning that analysis results could get worse.

4. Z- scores lower than -3 and exceeding +3 should warrant an investigation

5. Compare your result to the robust average which will be the assigned value. The measurement of uncertainty (UoM) of

the results is also stated.

6. All calculations can be made available upon request

The Coal Concepts scheme adheres to the requirements of ISO/IEC 17043:2010 – Conformity assessment – General

requirements for proficiency testing.

Statistical analysis has been carried out using ISO/IEC 13528:2015-Statistical methods for use in proficiency testing by

interlaboratory comparisons

Please find results attached together with Z-score trends.

Best Regards

R Baboolal

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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER

Arcelor Mittal - Vanderbijl Park Arcelor Mittal - Newcastle

Anglo SOC - Goedehoop Colliery South Plant Anglo SOC - Goedehoop Colliery North Plant

Anglo SOC - New Vaal Colliery Anglo SOC - Greenside Colliery

Anglo SOC - Landau Colliery Anglo SOC - Kleinkopje Colliery

Anglo SOC - Kriel Colliery ALS - Witlab

Afrisam - Dudfield Afrisam - Ulco

ALS - Eastside ALS -Muhanga

Alfred H Knight -Richards Bay Laboratory ALS - Phalandwa

AquaSpecto Bureau Veritas - Nacala

Bureau Veritas Inspectorate Laboratories - Tendele Bureau Veritas Inspectorate Laboratories - Beira

Bureau Veritas Inspectorate Laboratories - Alton Bureau Veritas Testing & Inspection SA - Pretoria

Bureau Veritas Inspectorate Laboratories - Middelburg Castle Peak Power Station – Hong Kong

Bureau Veritas – Moatize, Vale CoalLab Pty Ltd - Uitgevallen

CoalLab Pty Ltd - Lurco CoalLab Pty Ltd - Phola

CoalLab Pty Ltd – Tselentis CoalLab Pty Ltd - Kangala

CoalLab Pty Ltd - Middelburg CoalLab Pty Ltd - Umlabu

CoalLab Pty Ltd - Droogvallei CoalLab Pty Ltd - VDD

CoalLab Pty Ltd - AMR Delmas Coal

Eyethu Coal Exxaro Resources - Grootegeluk Mine

Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd – Kendal Power station Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd - Duvha Power Station

Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd – Lethabo Power Station Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd - Komati Power Station

Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd - Tutuka Power Station Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd - Grootvlei Power Station

Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd - ERID Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd - Kriel Power Station

Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd - Hendrina Power Station Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd - Matimba Power Station

Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd - Arnot Power Station Exxaro Resources - Matla Mine

Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd - Matla Power Station Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd – Medupi Power Station

Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd – Majuba Power Station G&W Base & Industrial Minerals

Glencore Wonderkop Glencore -Rustenburg Smelter

Glencore Boshoek Smelter Glencore -Lydenburg Smelter

Glencore Lion Smelter GLI Laboratuvar Sube Mudurlugu Komur Deney Laboratuvari - Turkey

HighVeld Laboratories Idwala Lime

Intertek Mozambique Jindal Mining SA (Pty) Ltd - Kiepersol Colliery

Kangra Coal (Pty) Ltd Lafarge Industries SA (Pty) Ltd - Lichtenburg

Morupule Coal Mine - Botswana Mafube Colliery Mine pty (ltd)

Martech Marine surveyors - India Makomo Resources

Msobo Coal Pty Ltd Mitra SK South Africa (Pty) Ltd

M L Coal Noko Analytical Services CC - Welgemeend

Mpumamanzi Noko Analytical Services CC - Twistdraai

Noko Analytical Services CC - Witbank Noko Analytical Services CC - Hakahno

Richards Bay Minerals Ronewa Lab

Siza Coal Services - Dundee Siza Coal Services - Vlakfontein

Siza Coal Services - Botswana Siza Coal Services - Kinross

Siza Coal Services - Middelburg Siza Coal Services - NCC

Siza Coal Services - Carolina Siza Coal Services - Eastside

South 32 – Khutala Colliery SABS Commercial SOC Ltd Springlake

Sibonisiwe Coal Laboratory Services CC – Rirhandzu Lab Sibonisiwe Coal Laboratory Services CC - West Coal Processing

Sibonisiwe Coal Laboratory Services CC SGS South Africa (Pty) Ltd - Chilwavuhusiku Laboratory

SGS South Africa (Pty) Ltd – Richards Bay Coal Terminal Laboratory SGS South Africa (Pty) Ltd - Leeuwpan Laboratory

SGS South Africa (Pty) Ltd - Trichardt Laboratory SGS South Africa (Pty) Ltd – Richards Bay Port Laboratory

SGS South Africa (Pty) Ltd – GGV Laboratory SGS South Africa (Pty) Ltd - Middelburg Laboratory

SGS South Africa (Pty) Ltd - Impunzi Laboratory SGS South Africa (Pty) Ltd - Wondefontein Laboratory

SABS Commercial SOC Ltd Sudor SGS Tweefontein

SABS Commercial SOC Ltd CSIR SABS Commercial SOC Ltd Mimosa

SABS Commercial SOC Ltd Uitkomst SABS Commercial SOC Ltd Secunda

SPTE Lab - Middelburg SABS Commercial SOC Ltd Richards bay

Tata Steel – Wales Lab, Europe Umzamo Analytical Services - Londani

Umzamo Analytical Services - Overlooked Colliery Umzamo Analytical Services - Witbank

Umzamo Analytical Services - Doornrug Vitrovian Analytical Services DELMAS

Vitrovian Analytical Services TEGETA Vitrovian Analytical Services Umlalazi

Vitrovian Analytical Services Pullenshope Vitrovian Analytical Services Koornfontein

Zululand Anthracite Colliery Vinca Institute for Nuclear Sciences - Serbia

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1. TYPE OF SAMPLE USED

The coal used in this proficiency testing round was bituminous coal from Mpumalanga.

2. PREPARATION OF SAMPLE

Approximately 800kg’s of sample with an approximate topsize of 50mm was sourced. This was crushed to -4mm

using a jaw crusher. The -4mm material was reduced to -212um using a cross beat pulveriser. The 212 material

was sieved using a 212um screen. Any +212um material was pulverised and sieved until all material passed

through the 212 um sieve.

All the -212um material was then mixed in a mixing drum for 4 hours.

3. HOMOGENEITY CHECK

There were 109 participants in this round, 10 portions of sample were randomly extracted from the 800kg

sample. These were packaged in their final form i.e. in 250ml sample bottles. The bottles were labelled 1 to 10.

The results were as follows:

SAMPLE NO.

TEST PORTION 1

TEST PORTION 2

sample av (Xt) range (Wt) range sqd

1 21,42 21,29 21,36 0,11 0,0121

2 21,32 21,26 21,29 0,03 0,0009

3 21,31 21,32 21,32 0,00 0,0000

4 21,45 21,32 21,39 0,25 0,0625

5 21,31 21,26 21,29 0,01 0,0001

6 21,53 21,30 21,42 0,01 0,0001

7 21,35 21,27 21,31 0,01 0,0001

8 21,31 21,49 21,40 0,17 0,0289

9 21,20 21,39 21,30 0,07 0,0049

10 21,30 21,31 21,31 0,05 0,002

GENERAL AVERAGE 21,34 STANDARD DEVIATION 0,049 WITHIN SAMPLE STANDARD DEVIATION 0,075 BETWEEN SAMPLE STANDARD DEVIATION 0,020

The between sample standard deviation must be ≤ 0.3 x ơ

(ơ = std deviation for the proficiency assessment)

Ơ = 2% of the mean was used, which is the repeatability for ISO ash (Ash % > 10%)

Hence 0.3 x 0.427 = 0.128

Since 0.020 < 0.128 the samples are homogenous

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4. STABILITY CHECK Samples were retained for sales as reference material. Ten of them were randomly chosen for stability testing.

In order for the proficiency testing samples to be declared stable the general average from the homogeneity

check and that of the stability check the difference in the general average should not differ by more than 0.3 X

precision

This test has been carried out about a month after the samples were received by the participating laboratories

SAMPLE NO.

TEST PORTION 1

TEST PORTION 2

sample av (Xt) range (Wt) range sqd

1 21,12 21,32 21,22 0,15 0,0225

2 21,34 21,27 21,31 0,17 0,0289

3 21,28 21,23 21,26 0,07 0,0049

4 21,25 21,31 21,28 0,10 0,0100

5 21,25 21,22 21,24 0,09 0,0081

6 21,27 21,17 21,22 0,15 0,0225

7 21,17 21,28 21,23 0,01 0,0001

8 21,21 21,33 21,27 0,10 0,0100

9 21,15 21,30 21,23 0,01 0,0001

10 21,34 21,22 21,28 0,00 0,000

GENERAL AVERAGE 21,25 STANDARD DEVIATION 0,031 WITHIN SAMPLE STANDARD DEVIATION 0,073 BETWEEN SAMPLE STANDARD DEVIATION 0,042

(Ơ = 0.425 was used)

For this report 0.3 x 0.425 = 0.128

Absolute value of (21.25 – 21.34) = 0.09

Since 0.09< 0.128 the proficiency testing samples were stable

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COAL CONCEPTS - PROFICIENCY TESTING -JUNE 2018

ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : ISO ASH (%)

LAB ID MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE (%) AIR DRY (%) DRY BASE (%) Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)

1a 2,69 21,43 22,02 1,92

6a 1,48 21,44 21,76 0,0

7a 2,41 21,44 21,97 1,54

8a 2,23 21,23 21,71 -0,32

9a 2,18 21,11 21,58 -1,29

10a 2,10 21,20 21,65 -0,75

12a 2,50 21,20 21,74 -0,10

15a 2,29 21,25 21,75 -0,07

18a 2,26 21,33 21,82 0,47

20a 1,85 21,33 21,73 -0,19

21a 2,18 21,23 21,70 -0,40

23a 2,13 21,31 21,77 0,12

24a 2,10 21,41 21,87 0,81

26a 1,73 21,43 21,81 0,36

27a 1,40 21,30 21,60 -1,13

28a 1,70 21,50 21,87 0,83

32a 2,00 21,30 21,73 -0,17

33a 2,13 21,12 21,58 -1,29

35a 2,18 21,34 21,82 0,42

36a 1,90 21,50 21,92 1,15

37a 1,83 21,43 21,83 0,52

38a 2,55 21,14 21,69 -0,47

40a 2,30 21,30 21,80 0,32

42a 1,65 21,43 21,79 0,23

44a 2,03 21,60 22,05 2,10

49a 1,84 21,45 21,85 0,68

58a 1,83 21,18 21,57 -1,33

59a 2,20 21,31 21,79 0,23

60a 2,33 21,21 21,72 -0,30

61a 2,20 21,40 21,88 0,90

65a 1,90 21,50 21,92 1,15

66a 2,48 21,25 21,79 0,24

69a 1,95 21,40 21,83 0,49

72a 2,08 21,55 22,01 1,81

76a 1,80 21,43 21,82 0,47

78a 0,64 21,48 21,62 -1,01

79a 2,74 21,30 21,90 1,03

80a 2,03 21,43 21,87 0,84

82a 1,40 21,43 21,73 -0,17

83a 1,94 21,42 21,84 0,62

88a 1,93 21,30 21,72 -0,28

92a 2,61 21,17 21,74 -0,15

95a 2,13 21,24 21,70 -0,40

96a 2,18 20,97 21,44 -2,33

97a 1,75 21,30 21,68 -0,57

99a 2,10 21,50 21,96 1,48

100a 2,16 21,36 21,83 0,54

101a 2,59 21,25 21,82 0,42

105a 1,20 21,50 21,76 0,0

106a 2,48 21,02 21,55 -1,48

107a 2,04 21,40 21,85 0,64

108a 2,23 21,22 21,70 -0,39

109a 2,30 21,10 21,60 -1,17

110a 1,69 21,49 21,86 0,74

112a 2,10 21,40 21,86 0,73

117a 1,65 21,38 21,74 -0,14

124a 1,76 21,27 21,65 -0,78

126a 1,75 21,25 21,63 -0,94

131a 2,45 21,13 21,66 -0,71

132a 2,20 21,29 21,77 0,08

135a 1,88 21,34 21,75 -0,07

136a 2,75 21,06 21,66 -0,74

137a 2,12 21,66 22,13 2,70

143a 1,50 21,19 21,51 -1,78

145a 1,74 21,30 21,68 -0,59

146a 2,20 21,30 21,78 0,15

151a 2,15 21,50 21,97 1,56

155a 2,60 21,20 21,77 0,06

165a 1,48 21,16 21,48 -2,03

166a 2,10 21,30 21,76 0,0

167a 1,84 21,21 21,61 -1,09

168a 2,27 21,19 21,68 -0,55

169a 1,90 21,50 21,92 1,15

170a 1,60 21,30 21,65 -0,81

171a 2,40 21,00 21,52 -1,75

173a 1,43 21,20 21,51 -1,82

Number of results - 76 76 76 -

OUTLIERS - - 0 0 -

AVERAGE - 2,03 21,32 21,76 -

STD DEVIATION - - 0,14 0,14 -

MEDIAN 21,30 21,76

ROBUST AVERAGE - - 21,35 21,76 -

ROBUST STD DEVIATION - - 0,16 0,15 -

UoM 0,02 0,02

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-3,00

-2,00

-1,00

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

Z-SC

OR

E

LABORATORY ID

ISO ASH Z-SCORE TREND

of 22 COAL CONCEPTS - PROFICIENCY TESTING -JUNE 2018

ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : QUICK ASH (%)

LAB ID

MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE (%) AIR DRY (%) DRY BASE (%)

Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)

21a 2,18 21,30 21,77 0,0

22a 2,18 21,28 21,75 -0,09

23a 2,13 21,39 21,86 0,50

35a 2,18 21,29 21,76 -0,03

36a 1,90 21,60 22,02 1,43

37a 1,83 21,10 21,49 -1,59

39a 1,90 21,70 22,12 2,02

40a 2,30 21,20 21,70 -0,41

41a 2,00 21,40 21,84 0,39

49a 1,84 21,31 21,71 -0,35

50a 2,24 21,72 22,22 2,58

63a 2,60 21,27 21,84 0,39

64a 2,00 21,30 21,73 -0,20

73a 1,37 21,34 21,64 -0,77

74a 1,82 21,22 21,61 -0,90

77a 2,70 21,10 21,69 -0,48

84a 2,83 21,23 21,85 0,45

92a 2,61 21,16 21,73 -0,24

94a 2,73 20,93 21,52 -1,45

100a 2,16 21,26 21,73 -0,23

101a 2,59 21,25 21,82 0,26

102a 1,85 21,40 21,80 0,20

105a 1,20 21,50 21,76 -0,05

113a 2,43 21,23 21,76 -0,06

119a 1,43 21,15 21,46 -1,80

122a 1,78 21,50 21,89 0,69

126a 1,75 21,45 21,83 0,36

130a 2,10 21,30 21,76 -0,07

131a 2,45 21,27 21,80 0,20

132a 2,20 21,37 21,85 0,47

133a 1,95 21,38 21,81 0,21

134a 1,68 21,20 21,56 -1,19

136a 2,75 21,25 21,85 0,47

137a 2,12 21,72 22,19 2,43

138a 2,46 21,34 21,88 0,63

140a 2,18 21,33 21,81 0,21

143a 1,50 21,13 21,45 -1,83

147a 2,18 21,28 21,75 -0,09

149a 2,50 21,30 21,85 0,44

153a 2,04 21,10 21,54 -1,33

160a 2,04 21,40 21,85 0,44

161a 1,40 21,20 21,50 -1,55

163a 1,60 21,40 21,75 -0,12

164a 2,04 21,40 21,85 0,44

165a 1,48 21,16 21,48 -1,68

168a 2,27 21,04 21,53 -1,39

169a 1,90 21,45 21,87 0,55

175a 2,04 21,53 21,98 1,20

176a 1,50 21,60 21,93 0,92


OUTLIERS - - 0 0 -

AVERAGE - 2,11 21,32 21,77 -




UoM 0,04 0,03

-3,00

-2,00

-1,00

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

Z-SC

OR

E

LABORATORY ID

QUICK ASH Z-SCORE TREND

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ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : ISO VOLATILE MATTER (%)

LAB ID MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE (%) AIR DRY DRY BASE Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)

1a 2,69 8,33 8,56 -0,48

6a 1,48 8,46 8,59 -0,40

7a 2,41 6,57 6,73 -5,97

8a 2,23 8,55 8,75 0,08

9a 2,18 8,47 8,66 -0,18

10a 2,10 8,70 8,89 0,50

12a 2,50 8,40 8,62 -0,31

15a 2,29 8,56 8,76 0,12

18a 2,26 8,70 8,90 0,55

20a 1,85 8,63 8,79 0,22

21a 2,18 8,49 8,68 -0,12

22a 2,18 8,35 8,54 -0,55

23a 2,13 8,59 8,78 0,17

24a 2,10 8,66 8,85 0,38

26a 1,73 8,41 8,56 -0,48

27a 1,40 8,70 8,82 0,31

28a 1,70 8,40 8,55 -0,52

32a 2,00 8,70 8,88 0,48

33a 2,13 7,50 7,66 -3,16

35a 2,18 8,56 8,75 0,10

36a 1,90 8,50 8,66 -0,16

37a 1,83 9,22 9,39 2,02

38a 2,55 8,49 8,71 -0,02

39a 1,90 8,03 8,18 -1,61

40a 2,30 8,45 8,65 -0,21

41a 2,00 8,80 8,98 0,78

42a 1,65 9,04 9,19 1,42

44a 2,03 8,16 8,33 -1,17

49a 1,84 8,71 8,87 0,46

50a 2,24 9,92 10,15 4,28

58a 1,83 8,69 8,85 0,40

59a 2,20 8,65 8,84 0,38

60a 2,33 8,48 8,68 -0,11

61a 2,20 8,20 8,38 -1,00

63a 2,60 8,44 8,67 -0,16

65a 1,90 8,60 8,77 0,14

66a 2,48 8,13 8,33 -1,16

69a 1,95 8,40 8,57 -0,46

72a 2,08 8,50 8,68 -0,12

73a 1,37 10,13 10,27 4,65

74a 1,82 8,51 8,67 -0,15

76a 1,80 7,53 7,67 -3,15

77a 2,70 8,50 8,74 0,05

78a 0,64 9,92 9,98 3,79

79a 2,74 8,67 8,91 0,59

80a 2,03 8,58 8,76 0,12

82a 1,40 8,19 8,31 -1,24

83a 1,94 8,42 8,59 -0,40

88a 1,93 8,65 8,82 0,30

92a 2,61 8,00 8,21 -1,51

94a 2,73 8,63 8,87 0,44

95a 2,13 8,48 8,66 -0,16

96a 2,18 8,36 8,55 -0,52

97a 1,75 8,66 8,81 0,27

99a 2,10 8,50 8,68 -0,11

100a 2,16 8,39 8,58 -0,43

101a 2,59 8,75 8,98 0,79

102a 1,85 9,00 9,17 1,35

105a 1,20 9,40 9,51 2,38

106a 2,48 8,98 9,21 1,47

108a 2,23 8,60 8,80 0,23

109a 2,30 8,50 8,70 -0,06

110a 1,69 8,60 8,75 0,09

112a 2,10 9,00 9,19 1,42

113a 2,43 7,72 7,91 -2,42

117a 1,65 8,30 8,44 -0,84

119a 1,43 8,98 9,11 1,17

122a 1,78 8,80 8,96 0,72

124a 1,76 8,42 8,57 -0,44

126a 1,75 8,50 8,65 -0,20

130a 2,10 8,30 8,48 -0,72

131a 2,45 8,33 8,54 -0,54

132a 2,20 8,50 8,69 -0,08

133a 1,95 10,80 11,01 6,88

134a 1,68 9,30 9,46 2,22

135a 1,88 8,62 8,79 0,20

136a 2,75 8,18 8,41 -0,92

137a 2,12 8,33 8,51 -0,62

138a 2,46 8,68 8,90 0,54

140a 2,18 8,31 8,50 -0,67

143a 1,50 8,68 8,81 0,28

145a 1,74 8,80 8,96 0,71

146a 2,20 8,10 8,28 -1,31

147a 2,18 8,54 8,73 0,03

151a 2,15 8,45 8,64 -0,25

155a 2,60 7,90 8,11 -1,82

156a 2,50 8,60 8,82 0,30

161a 1,40 9,10 9,23 1,53

165a 1,48 8,96 9,09 1,13

166a 2,10 8,63 8,81 0,27

167a 1,84 8,50 8,66 -0,18

168a 2,27 8,33 8,52 -0,59

169a 1,90 9,00 9,17 1,36

170a 1,60 8,80 8,94 0,67

173a 1,43 9,44 9,58 2,57

NUMBER OF RESULTS - 95 95 95 -

OUTLIERS - - 5 5 -

AVERAGE - 2,04 8,54 8,72 -

STD DEVIATION - 0,34 0,33 -



UoM - - 0,05 0,05 -

of 22

-3,00

-2,00

-1,00

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

33a

76a

113a

155a

39a

92a

146a

82a

44a

66a

61a

136a

117a

130a

140a

137a

168a

22a

131a

28a

96a

26a

1a 69a

124a

100a

83a

6a 12a

151a

40a

126a

9a 167a

95a

36a

63a

74a

21a

72a

60a

99a

132a

109a

38a

147a

77a

8a 110a

35a

80a

15a

65a

23a

135a

20a

108a

97a

166a

143a

88a

156a

27a

59a

24a

58a

94a

49a

32a

10a

138a

18a

79a

170a

145a

122a

41a

101a

165a

119a

102a

169a

42a

112a

106a

161a

37a

134a

105a

173aZ-SC

OR

E

LABORATORY ID

VOLATILE MATTER Z-SCORE TREND

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ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : CALORIFIC VALUE (MJ/kg)

LAB ID MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE (%) AIR DRY (MJ/kg) DRY BASE (MJ/kg)

Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)

1a 2,69 26,46 27,19 0,14

6a 1,48 26,88 27,28 0,42

8a 2,23 26,48 27,08 -0,18

9a 2,18 26,46 27,04 -0,29

10a 2,10 26,38 26,95 -0,59

12a 2,50 26,36 27,04 -0,32

15a 2,29 26,43 27,05 -0,28

18a 2,26 26,71 27,33 0,55

20a 1,85 27,15 27,66 1,54

21a 2,18 26,36 26,95 -0,58

23a 2,13 26,62 27,20 0,17

27a 1,40 24,09 24,43 -8,07

28a 1,70 25,98 26,43 -2,13

32a 2,00 26,53 27,07 -0,21

33a 2,13 26,91 27,50 1,05

35a 2,18 26,77 27,37 0,66

36a 1,90 26,58 27,09 -0,15

37a 1,83 26,62 27,12 -0,08

38a 2,55 26,27 26,96 -0,55

39a 1,90 26,45 26,96 -0,54

40a 2,30 26,47 27,09 -0,2

42a 1,65 26,63 27,08 -0,20

44a 2,03 26,55 27,10 -0,13

49a 1,84 26,68 27,18 0,11

50a 2,24 25,56 26,15 -2,97

58a 1,83 26,70 27,20 0,16

59a 2,20 25,47 26,04 -3,28

60a 2,33 26,66 27,30 0,45

61a 2,20 26,47 27,07 -0,23

63a 2,60 26,71 27,42 0,83

64a 2,00 26,79 27,34 0,57

65a 1,90 26,15 26,66 -1,45

66a 2,48 26,89 27,57 1,28

72a 2,08 27,19 27,77 1,86

73a 1,37 27,16 27,54 1,17

74a 1,82 26,58 27,07 -0,21

76a 1,80 21,20 21,59 -16,53

77a 2,70 26,87 27,62 1,40

79a 2,74 26,58 27,33 0,55

80a 2,03 27,13 27,69 1,63

82a 1,40 27,57 27,96 2,43

83a 1,94 26,85 27,38 0,71

84a 2,83 26,78 27,56 1,24

88a 1,93 27,04 27,57 1,28

92a 2,61 25,20 25,88 -3,77

94a 2,73 20,79 21,37 -17,17

95a 2,13 26,79 27,37 0,68

96a 2,18 26,95 27,55 1,21

99a 2,10 26,38 26,95 -0,6

100a 2,16 26,71 27,30 0,46

101a 2,59 26,45 27,15 0,03

102a 1,85 26,42 26,92 -0,67

105a 1,20 26,60 26,92 -0,66

106a 2,48 26,38 27,05 -0,28

108a 2,23 26,63 27,24 0,28

109a 2,30 26,57 27,20 0,15

110a 1,69 26,98 27,44 0,89

112a 2,10 26,53 27,10 -0,13

117a 1,65 27,05 27,50 1,07

119a 1,43 26,71 27,10 -0,14

122a 1,78 25,37 25,83 -3,91

126a 1,75 26,73 27,21 0,19

130a 2,10 26,61 27,18 0,11

131a 2,45 26,33 26,99 -0,45

132a 2,20 26,48 27,08 -0,20

133a 1,95 26,58 27,11 -0,10

134a 1,68 26,93 27,39 0,73

135a 1,88 26,63 27,14 0,0

136a 2,75 26,45 27,20 0,16

137a 2,12 26,59 27,17 0,07

140a 2,18 26,84 27,44 0,88

143a 1,50 26,05 26,45 -2,07

145a 1,74 26,60 27,07 -0,22

147a 2,18 26,41 27,00 -0,43

149a 2,50 26,38 27,06 -0,26

151a 2,15 26,54 27,12 -0,06

153a 2,04 25,60 26,13 -3,01

156a 2,50 26,23 26,90 -0,72

160a 2,04 25,99 26,53 -1,82

161a 1,40 26,72 27,10 -0,13

163a 1,60 26,66 27,09 -0,15

164a 2,04 26,74 27,30 0,46

165a 1,48 26,82 27,22 0,24

167a 1,84 26,76 27,26 0,35

168a 2,27 26,46 27,07 -0,21

169a 1,90 26,68 27,20 0,16

170a 1,60 26,41 26,84 -0,91

171a 2,40 26,81 27,47 0,97

172a 2,64 25,83 26,53 -1,82

175a 2,04 26,68 27,24 0,27

176a 1,50 26,73 27,14 0,0

NUMBER OF RESULTS - 91 91 91 -

OUTLIERS - - 4 5 -

AVERAGE - 2,08 26,57 27,14 -




UoM - - 0,05 0,05 -

of 22

-3,00

-2,00

-1,00

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

59a

153a

50a

28a

143a

172a

160a

65a

170a

156a

102a

105a

10a

99a

21a

38a

39a

131a

147a

12a

9a 15a

106a

149a

61a

145a

32a

74a

168a

132a

42a

8a 40a

163a

36a

119a

112a

161a

44a

133a

37a

151a

176a

135a

101a

137a

49a

130a

1a 109a

169a

58a

136a

23a

126a

165a

175a

108a

167a

6a 60a

164a

100a

18a

79a

64a

35a

95a

83a

134a

63a

140a

110a

171a

33a

117a

73a

96a

84a

88a

66a

77a

20a

80a

72a

82aZ-

SCO

RE

LABORATORY ID

CALORIFIC VALUE Z-SCORE TREND

of 22


ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : TOTAL SULPHUR (%)

LAB ID MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE (%) AIR DRY DRY BASE Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)

1a 2,69 0,84 0,86 0,00

6a 1,48 0,82 0,83 -0,36

7a 2,41 0,53 0,54 -4,97

9a 2,18 1,00 1,02 2,66

10a 2,10 0,75 0,77 -1,42

12a 2,50 0,80 0,82 -0,55

15a 2,29 0,79 0,81 -0,74

18a 2,26 0,80 0,82 -0,58

20a 1,85 0,87 0,89 0,50

21a 2,18 0,91 0,93 1,20

23a 2,13 0,78 0,80 -0,93

24a 2,10 0,90 0,92 1,02

26a 1,73 0,86 0,88 0,32

27a 1,40 0,79 0,80 -0,86

28a 1,70 0,96 0,98 1,93

32a 2,00 0,83 0,85 -0,13

35a 2,18 0,89 0,91 0,87

36a 1,90 0,79 0,81 -0,79

37a 1,83 0,88 0,90 0,66

38a 2,55 0,93 0,95 1,58

39a 1,90 0,91 0,93 1,15

40a 2,30 0,80 0,82 -0,58

42a 1,65 0,84 0,85 -0,02

44a 2,03 0,82 0,84 -0,29

49a 1,84 0,82 0,84 -0,31

50a 2,24 1,02 1,04 3,00

58a 1,83 0,81 0,83 -0,48

59a 2,20 0,74 0,76 -1,57

60a 2,33 0,80 0,82 -0,57

61a 2,20 0,78 0,80 -0,92

65a 1,90 0,74 0,75 -1,60

66a 2,48 0,81 0,83 -0,39

69a 1,95 0,80 0,82 -0,62

72a 2,08 0,88 0,90 0,69

74a 1,82 0,99 1,01 2,44

76a 1,80 0,87 0,89 0,49

78a 0,64 0,78 0,79 -1,12

79a 2,74 0,81 0,83 -0,36

80a 2,03 0,86 0,88 0,36

83a 1,94 0,88 0,90 0,67

88a 1,93 0,79 0,81 -0,79

95a 2,13 0,76 0,78 -1,25

97a 1,75 0,85 0,87 0,16

99a 2,10 0,82 0,84 -0,28

101a 2,59 0,88 0,90 0,77

106a 2,48 0,82 0,84 -0,23

108a 2,23 0,79 0,81 -0,75

109a 2,30 0,79 0,81 -0,74

110a 1,69 0,81 0,82 -0,50

112a 2,10 0,84 0,86 0,0

113a 2,43 0,86 0,88 0,42

119a 1,43 0,95 0,96 1,73

126a 1,75 0,94 0,96 1,62

130a 2,10 0,77 0,79 -1,09

131a 2,45 0,83 0,85 -0,07

132a 2,20 0,83 0,85 -0,10

133a 1,95 0,70 0,71 -2,25

134a 1,68 0,77 0,78 -1,15

136a 2,75 0,90 0,93 1,12

137a 2,12 0,90 0,92 1,02

138a 2,46 0,85 0,87 0,26

140a 2,18 0,85 0,87 0,22

143a 1,50 0,83 0,84 -0,20

145a 1,74 0,82 0,83 -0,33

146a 2,20 0,82 0,84 -0,27

151a 2,15 0,85 0,87 0,22

156a 2,50 0,80 0,82 -0,55

161a 1,40 0,81 0,82 -0,54

165a 1,48 0,85 0,86 0,00

167a 1,84 0,83 0,85 -0,15

168a 2,27 0,82 0,84 -0,26

169a 1,90 0,79 0,81 -0,79

173a 1,43 0,85 0,86 0,00

NUMBER OF RESULTS 73 73 73 -

OUTLIERS - - 1 1 -

AVERAGE - 2,04 0,84 0,86 -

MEDIAN - 0,83 0,84




UoM - - 0,01 0,01

of 22

-3,00

-2,00

-1,00

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

7a 133a

65a

59a

10a

95a

134a

78a

130a

23a

61a

27a

36a

169a

88a

108a

15a

109a

69a

18a

40a

60a

12a

156a

161a

110a

58a

66a

6a 79a

145a

49a

44a

99a

146a

168a

106a

143a

167a

32a

132a

131a

42a

1a 165a

173a

112a

97a

151a

140a

138a

26a

80a

113a

76a

20a

37a

83a

72a

101a

35a

24a

137a

136a

39a

21a

38a

126a

119a

28a

74a

9a 50a

Z-SC

OR

E

LABORATORY ID

TOTAL SULPHUR Z-SCORE TREND

of 22


ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : PHOSPHOROUS IN COAL (%)

LAB ID

MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE (%) AIR DRY DRY BASE

Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)

1a 2,69 0,016 0,016 -0,33

7a 2,41 0,016 0,016 -0,34

9a 2,18 0,039 0,040 2,39

12a 2,50 0,023 0,024 0,50

18a 2,26 0,026 0,027 0,85

21a 2,18 0,027 0,028 0,97

23a 2,13 0,011 0,011 -0,93

24a 2,10 0,022 0,022 0,37

26a 1,73 0,015 0,015 -0,47

38a 2,55 0,039 0,040 2,41

69a 1,95 0,012 0,012 -0,82

74a 1,82 0,016 0,016 -0,35

78a 0,64 0,012 0,012 -0,84

108a 2,23 0,015 0,015 -0,46

109a 2,30 0,015 0,015 -0,46

112a 2,10 0,021 0,021 0,25

113a 2,43 0,013 0,013 -0,69

114a 2,04 0,018 0,018 -0,11

138a 2,46 0,021 0,022 0,26

146a 2,20 0,011 0,011 -0,93

173a 1,43 0,008 0,008 -1,30


OUTLIERS - - 0 0 -

AVERAGE - 2,11 0,019 0,019 -

STD DEVIATION - - 0,008 0,009 -

MEDIAN - 0,016 0,016

ROBUST AVERAGE - - 0,018 0,019

ROBUST STD DEVIATION - - 0,009 0,009

UoM - - 0,002 0,002

-3,00

-2,00

-1,00

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

173a 23a 146a 78a 69a 113a 26a 108a 109a 74a 7a 1a 114a 112a 138a 24a 12a 18a 21a 9a 38a

Z-SC

OR

ES

LAB ID

PHOSPHOROUS IN COAL Z-SCORES

of 22


ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : TOTAL CARBON (%)

LAB ID


Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)

1a 2,69 68,64 70,54 -0,55

9a** 2,18 74,11 75,76 1,95

12a** 2,50 68,60 70,36 -0,64

18a 2,26 69,79 71,40 -0,14

21a** 2,18 74,13 75,78 1,96

40a** 2,30 68,10 69,70 -0,95

42a** 1,65 68,49 69,64 -0,98

49a 1,84 69,87 71,18 -0,25

66a 2,48 69,55 71,32 -0,18

88a 1,93 70,18 71,56 -0,06

99a** 2,10 67,90 69,36 -1,12

108a 2,23 69,51 71,10 -0,29

109a 2,30 69,46 71,10 -0,29

145a 1,74 70,55 71,80 0,05

173a** 1,43 73,77 74,84 1,50


OUTLIERS - - 0 -

AVERAGE - 2,16 70,18 71,70 -

MEDIAN - - 69,55 71,18 -


REPRODUCIBILITY

UPPER LIMIT - - - 72,70 -

LOWER LIMIT - - - 70,70 -


ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : HYDROGEN (%)

LAB ID


Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)

1a 2,69 2,65 2,72 -0,14

9a 2,18 2,62 2,68 -0,61

12a 2,50 2,78 2,85 1,18

18a 2,26 2,50 2,56 -1,86

21a 2,18 2,59 2,65 -0,93

36a 1,90 2,80 2,85 1,21

42a 1,65 2,75 2,80 0,61

88a 1,93 2,62 2,67 -0,73

99a 2,10 2,67 2,73 -0,10

108a 2,23 2,79 2,85 1,21

109a 2,30 2,69 2,75 0,17

Number of results 11 11 11

OUTLIERS - - 0 0 -

AVERAGE - 2,17 2,68 2,74 -

MEDIAN - 2,67 2,73 -


REPRODUCIBILITY




ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : NITROGEN(%)

LAB ID


Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)

1a 2,69 1,41 1,45 -0,27

9a 2,18 1,29 1,32 0,0

12a 2,50 1,56 1,60 1,65

18a 2,26 1,38 1,41 -0,74

42a 1,65 1,48 1,50 0,44

88a 1,93 1,49 1,52 0,63

99a 2,10 1,45 1,48 0,14

108a 2,23 1,41 1,44 -0,36

109a 2,30 1,47 1,50 0,44

Number of results 9 9 9 -

OUTLIERS - - 0 0 -

AVERAGE - 2,14 1,44 1,47 -

MEDIAN - 1,45 1,48 -


REPRODUCIBILITY



of 22


ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : ASH FUSION TEMPERATURES (oC)

LAB ID DEFORMATION SOFTENING HEMISPHERE FLOW

1a 1311 1359 1422 1493

9a 1410 1425 1435 1450

10a 1350 1400 1440 1470

18a 1280 1310 1340 1380

21a 1365 1405 1445 1485

23a 1370 1415 1465 1500

38a 1410 1425 1435 1450

40a 1350 1390 1440 1490

42a 1370 1390 1410 1430

49a 1275 1335 1395 1445

80a 1350 1390 1460 1500

95a 1300 1330 1360 1460

99a 1302 1337 1369 1470

108a 1320 1345 1380 1425

109a 1310 1330 1370 1410

110a 1310 1340 1380 1450

112a** 1270 1290 1350 1430

131a 1370 1390 1400 1420

Number of results 18 18 18 18

Outliers 0 0 0 0

AVERAGE 1335 1367 1405 1453

MEDIAN 1335 1375 1405 1450

STDEV 43 41 39 34

REPRODUCIBILITY

UPPER LIMIT 1415 1427 1465 1500

LOWER LIMIT 1255 1307 1345 1373

Z-SCORES

LAB ID DEFORMATION SOFTENING HEMISPHERE FLOW

1a -0,55 -0,19 0,43 1,18

9a 1,75 1,41 0,76 -0,10

10a 0,36 0,80 0,89 0,50

18a -1,26 -1,38 -1,67 -2,18

21a 0,70 0,92 1,02 0,94

23a 0,82 1,17 1,53 1,39

38a 1,75 1,41 0,76 -0,10

40a 0,36 0,56 0,89 1,09

42a 0,82 0,56 0,12 -0,69

49a -1,38 -0,78 -0,26 -0,24

80a 0,36 0,56 1,40 1,39

95a -0,80 -0,90 -1,16 0,20

99a -0,76 -0,73 -0,93 0,50

108a -0,34 -0,53 -0,65 -0,84

109a -0,57 -0,90 -0,90 -1,28

110a -0,57 -0,66 -0,65 -0,10

112a** -1,50 -1,87 -1,42 -0,69

131a 0,82 0,56 -0,14 -0,99

of 22


ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : ASTM ASH (%)

LAB ID

MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE

(%) AIR DRY (%) DRY BASE (%) Z-SCORE (DRY

BASE)

1a 2,69 21,34 21,93 0,34

109a 2,30 21,20 21,70 -1,13

172a 2,64 21,42 22,00 0,79


OUTLIERS - - 0 0 -

AVERAGE - 2,50 21,32 21,88 -


MEDIAN - - 21,34 21,93 -


ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : ASTM VOLS (%)

LAB ID

MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE (%) AIR DRY (%) DRY BASE (%)

Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)

1a 2,69 9,32 9,58 0,33

108a 2,23 9,98 10,21 0,72

109a 2,30 9,50 9,72 0,42

172a 2,64 6,48 6,66 -1,48


OUTLIERS - - 0 0 -

AVERAGE - 2,41 8,82 9,04 -


MEDIAN - - 9,41 9,65 -


ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : CHLORINE (ppm)

LAB ID


Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)

12a 2,50 430 441 N/A

109a 2,30 306 313 N/A


OUTLIERS - - 0 0 -

AVERAGE - 2,40 - - -

STD DEVIATION - - - - -

MEDIAN - - - - -


ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : FLUORINE (ppm)

LAB ID


Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)

1a 2,69 97 100 -1,12

12a 2,50 120 123 0,32

109a 2,30 128 131 0,80


OUTLIERS - - 0 0 -

AVERAGE - 2,50 115 118 -

STD DEVIATION - - 16 16 -

MEDIAN - - 120 123 -

of 22

CONCLUSION

1. The overall ISO Ash determination trend was almost evenly distributed. The average, robust average and median all equated to 21.76% on dry base with a low standard deviation of 0.14%.

2. The overall ISO volatile determination trend indicated an almost even z-score trend. Five outliers were

detected, which seemed to be due to calculation errors.

3. Calorific value trend indicated an almost even z-score trend. Five outliers were detected on dry base. These seemed to be due to swopped samples and analytical errors. The average and robust average compared well with each other.

4. Sulphur determination had a negative bias trend. Results reported were generally lower than the average

value. One outlier was detected, which seemed like an analytical error

5. Phosphorous results were quite varied. However no outliers were detected. The median, robust average and mean compared well with each other indicating that the extreme values did not affect the centralized values.

6. Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen results were generally quite varied. However no outliers were detected.

7. AFT results: Labs performed generally well with the averages close to the median of each stage

8. Assessment criterion for homogeneity check (From ISO 13528, page 45)

8.1 Comparison of the between sample standard deviation with the standard deviation for proficiency testing Standard deviation for ISO ash =0.14 Check value = 0.14 x 0.3 = 0.042

Between sample standard deviation = 0.020 The between standard deviation is less than the check value for the criterion assessment for

homogeneity, therefore homogeneity is established.

of 22

COAL CONCEPTS: Terms and Conditions

Return of results: Laboratories participate in proficiency testing programs on the understanding that they will be sharing their results and information anonymously with other laboratories performing the same analysis. No return of results compromises the spirit of the programs, and reports will not be sent to laboratories unless they return results. Payment in full is required from all laboratories enrolling whether they return results or not. Errors in Participant Proficiency Testing Results: Proficiency testing reports should reflect the level of accuracy that a regular testing client would receive. If a participant finds an error in their proficiency testing results, they may notify us in writing and change their submission PRIOR to the due date for return. Changes after this time will not be accepted. Coal Concepts’ reports results as submitted by participants. On occasion, it seems as though participants have mixed up the samples or not processed the samples according to the instructions. Coal Concepts cannot make assumptions of this nature and change results 'to suit'. We also cannot compromise the integrity of the programs by suggesting to some participants that they should review their results prior to the due date. (This is unfair to other participants) It is the responsibility of the participants to check all aspects of the program, including sample identification, preparation, testing instructions, calculations and reporting of the results prior to results submission. If samples are not in good condition on arrival to the participant laboratory, Coal Concepts must be notified in writing IMMEDIATELY, as often samples can be replaced in good time. Claims about samples received in bad condition will not be accepted after the report has been issued. Late Enrolments and Late Results: Late enrolment requests cannot always be accommodated, as sample manufacture must be scheduled well in advance to the shipping date of the program to allow all necessary quality assurance activities to be carried out. Shipping of PT materials and evaluating test results from PTPs out of cycle with the mainstream programs is considerably time consuming and therefore costly. In order not to disadvantage participants able to comply with time frames, Coal Concepts may charge a late fee in the following circumstances: Requests that Coal concepts staff enters results on behalf of participants Requests to record results after the due date Requests for PTP participation that is out of cycle with the scheduled dates Shipping fees and Customs clearance: Costs incurred for shipping samples and clearance of same through customs are the responsibility of the participating laboratory unless otherwise indicated Non-payment of fees: Coal Concepts retains the right to withhold reports and/or test materials and services when invoices are outstanding. Confidentiality of results: All data and information received by Coal Concepts from its clients are considered confidential unless the client has given express permission to pass on information. Definitions: The dictionary definitions of “collusion” and “falsification” are as follows. · Collusion: A secret agreement or cooperation for a fraudulent or deceitful purpose. · Falsification: Deliberately changing something to be false. In proficiency testing terms, collusion is comparing data (and perhaps changing data) to fit in with a believed “correct” result. This is contrary to the spirit of proficiency testing programs, which are issued with the intention of providing an objective comparison of a laboratory’s performance with others. Coal Concepts tries to minimise the occurrence of collusion by being aware that laboratories should be objective when they report their results, and should therefore not know the intended results at the time they are reporting to us. Answers are not provided to clients until results have been submitted. To prevent collusion and falsification our advice to clients is: DON’T confer with others about PT samples or results. DO accept the fact that everyone makes errors. DON’T average the results or opinions of every person in the laboratory before selecting the answer to be submitted. Instead, use one of the answers AS SUBMITTED to you and take advantage of the Coal Concepts internal QA services and submit all answers generated by the technicians. DO have confidence in your own results. Proficiency Testing (PT) is a compulsory part of laboratory accreditation, but it is also an important tool for giving you confidence in your results. “Enhancing” your PT results with assistance from another participant cannot increase confidence in your laboratory’s performance. Coal concepts’ testing staff are not told what the expected results are, nor what we are expecting. We subject ALL results to analysis, even if they are different. The staff have the right to check that the results we enter on their behalf are correctly transcribed. Clients are always welcome to contact Coal Concepts to seek advice or information about collusion or falsification of data. Policy for Participant Appeal of PT Performance Assessment: If participants disagree with their performance assessment in a proficiency report, they should inform Coal Concepts in writing. The response will include Coal Concepts interpretation of the outcome of the reassessment and an explanation of that outcome. (For example, explanation of a calculation, or the rationale for the outcome of the evaluation.) If a mistake has been made by Coal Concepts, it will be dealt with via Coal Concepts’ non-conformance system. Liability In no event shall a party's liability to the other party for direct damages exceed an amount equal to the value of the amount for the PT Programme, under that specific month End of report

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