Coastal Services Center

Information Technology and Information Technology and Coastal Zone Management:Coastal Zone Management:

An IntroductionAn Introduction

• Cost

• Not an agency priority

• Technology failures in the past

• Technology oversold in the past

• Management does not understand the terminology or benefits

• Management does not have a short or long term goal for information management

• Management is constrained in systems procurement by other procurement policy

• Management and technical staff do not communicate effectively

The approximately 500 coastal professionals trained in CSC sponsored information management classes identified these barriers to effective implementation at their workplace:

CSC Activities and Feedback

Coastal Information Management Curriculum

• Information technology and coastal zone management

• Introduction to GIS

• Introduction to Metadata

• Metadata Training

• Training the Trainers - metadata

• Introduction to ArcView

• Introduction to Avenue

• Intermediate ArcView

• Introduction to Remote Sensing

Objectives

• Demonstrate the benefits of information management technology

• Increase the understanding of information management technology components

• Discuss and demonstrate how GIS and related technologies improve the capability to analyze and synthesize information

• Provide information on the current framework and future direction of spatial technologies

• Encourage, facilitate, and support coastal information management capacity building within individual agencies

• Facilitate the development of a Coastal National Spatial Data Infrastructure (CNSDI)

Topics for

Today

• Information management fundamentals

• The 5 variables:– People

– Data

– Software

– Hardware

– Applications

• Fundamental of spatial technologies

• Example coastal applications

• Federal, state, local, and university activities

• Opportunities to leverage resources

• Legislative initiatives

• New technologies

Information Management is an Essential Activity:

It’s what We Do

A Change in TechnologyMust

Improve Effectivenessand/or Efficiency in

Management or Operations

Information Technology from a Manager’s Perspective

• Long-Term Goals

• Short-Term Goals

• Self-Preservation

• Benefits Versus Costs

What Are Information Management Needs?

• Word Processing

• Spread Sheets

• Database Management Systems

• Graphics

• Communications

• Spatial Data Processing

Information Technology Trends

19801980 19951995 21102110

Connectivity

Ease of Use

Data Availability

Hardware Costs

Software Costs

SOFTWARE

DATA

HARDWARE PEOPLE

Information Management System

PEOPLE

SOFTWARE

DATA

HARDWARE

People

DATA

SOFTWARE

HARDWARE PEOPLE

Data

SOFTWARE

DATA

HARDWARE PEOPLE

Software

HARDWARE

SOFTWARE

DATA

PEOPLE

Hardware

SOFTWARE

DATA

HARDWAREPEOPLE

Synthesis

The Manager’s Role in Developing a GIS

• System Development Process

• Define Organizational Goals for Technology

• Project Planning and Oversight

• Personnel Selection

• Performance Evaluation

Information Technology Must Be Relevant

Coastal Management Issues

• Habitat Management

• Non-Point Source Pollution

• Hazard Mitigation: Long-Term, Short-Term

• Beachfront Management

• Resource Conservation

• Inter-Governmental Cooperation

What are Spatial Data?

• Spatial data include one or more elements that describe location.

• Absolute location such as x,y coordinates like latitude and longitude

• Or relative location such as “next, near, opposite, adjoining.”

Visualization

Coordinates Link Everything

““Spatial Join”Spatial Join”

e.g. e.g.

e.g. Fish Habitatse.g. Fish Habitats

Spatial DatabaseSpatial DatabaseLayersLayers

Aids toAids toNavigationNavigation

GIS Tracks Relationships by Location

GraphicsGraphics

A Consistent Index for All Relevant Data

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Coastal GIS

Geodetic ControlGeodetic Control

Environmentally Sensitive Environmentally Sensitive Impact AreasImpact Areas

BathymetryBathymetrySea Surface Sea Surface

TemperaturesTemperatures

ShorelineShoreline

Leases/ParcelsLeases/Parcels

SalinitySalinity

GeologyGeology

Territorial WatersTerritorial Waters

Legal BoundariesLegal Boundaries

BuoysBuoysBenthic HabitatBenthic Habitat

Corals Corals

MarinasMarinas

Geodetic ControlGeodetic Control

Land CoverLand Cover

Digital Elevation ModelsDigital Elevation Models

Rivers and LakesRivers and Lakes

SoilsSoils

Land UseLand Use

WetlandsWetlands

GeologyGeology

Protected AreasProtected Areas

Political BoundariesPolitical Boundaries

HabitatHabitatForest Cover Forest Cover

StreetsStreets

Territorial GIS

Land and Sea Based GIS

GPSGPS

SonarSonar

RadarRadar

SoftcopySoftcopyPhotogrammetryPhotogrammetry

Aerial Aerial PhotographyPhotography

RemoteRemoteSensingSensing

InternetInternet

Mobile Mobile CommunicationsCommunications

SONARSONAR

MultibeamMultibeam

GIS Related Technologies

GPS uses a series of 24 satellites and ground receivers to triangulate horizontal and vertical position.

Global Positioning System

Aerial Photography

Digital Orthohptoto Imagery

Satellite Remote Sensing

Airborne Remote Sensing

Using GIS and GPS to Implement South Carolina's Post-Hurricane Recovery Plan

Doug Marcy

GIS DatabaseGIS Database

NOS MapFinder

Internet Map ServerInternet Map Server

Interconnection through the Web

Data Sources

• Federal Government

• State Government

• Local Government

• Private Industry

• Your Own Operations

Federal

Local

DATADATA

Federal Data Sources

• United States Geological Survey (USGS)

– Digital Orthophoto Quadrangles (DOQs) 1:12,000 and 1:5,000

– Digital Raster Graphics (DRGs) 1:24,000, 1:100,000, 1:250,000

– Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) 1:24,000 , 1:100,000, 1:250,000

– Digital Line Graphs (DLGs) 1:24,000

– NAPP 1:40,000

• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

– Non-Point Source Data (BASINS)

– EPA Regions Databases

– Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) database

– STORET

Federal Data Sources• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

– Bathymetry

– Digital Shoreline

– Nautical Charts

– Benthic Habitat

• Minerals Management Service

– Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Blocks

– Active Lease Sites

– Platform Locations

• National Park Service (NPS)

– National Park Boundaries

– Vegetation, Streams, Roads, Trails for Selected Parks

• United States Fish and Wildlife Service

– National Wetlands Inventory (NWI)

– Provide Extensive Training in GIS and GPS

State Government

• Resource Management

• Transportation

• Emergency Management

• Economic Development

• NSGIC

State Data Sources

• Statewide GIS Data Centers

– Oregon State Service Center for Geographic Information Systems

– Massachusetts Geographic Information System (MassGIS)

• State Agency GIS Databases

– South Carolina Department of Natural Resources

– New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection

• Libraries

Local Government

• Land Ownership (cadastre)

• Land Use

• Infrastructure Management (water, sewer)

• Transportation

• Environmental Management

Your Organization

Be sure to check with everyone in your own organization before you buy, contract for, or collect new data.

Private Industry

• Utilities

• Transportation

• Facilities Management

• Direct Marketing

Opportunities for Leveraging Resources

to Overcome Obstacles to the Implementation of GIS

The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) is an interagency committee, organized in 1990 under OMB Circular A-16, that promotes the coordinated use, sharing and dissemination of geospatial data on a national basis.

Federal Geographic Data Committee

FGDC Membership

• The FGDC is composed of representatives from sixteen Cabinet level and independent federal agencies.

• Steering Committee:

– Bruce Babbitt, Secretary of the Interior, Chair of Steering Committee

– Scott B. Gudes, Deputy Under Secretary for NOAA, Department of Commerce

– National Association of Counties

– National League of Cities

– National States Geographic Information Council

– OpenGIS Consortium

– University Consortium for Geographic Information Science

– International City/County Management Association

The Federal Geographic Data Committee coordinates the development of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI). The NSDI encompasses policies, standards, and procedures for organizations to cooperatively produce and share geographic data.

Current and accurate geospatial coastal and ocean data will be readily available to contribute locally, nationally, and globally to economic growth, environmental quality and stability, and social progress.

The Vision of Coastal NSDI

NSDI Strategy• Goal 1

– Increase the awareness and understanding of the vision, concepts, and benefits of the NSDI through outreach and education.

• Goal 2

– Develop common solutions for discovery, access, and use of geospatial data in response to the needs of diverse communities.

• Goal 3

– Use community based approaches to develop and maintain common collections of geospatial data for sound decision making.

• Goal 4

– Build relationships among organizations to support the continuing development of the NSDI.

The NSDI is a Foundation of Common Interests and Needs

• Clearinghouse - need to find and access data

• Metadata - need to know characteristics of data

• Framework - need for common sets of data

• Standards/Technology - need to transfer and integrate data

• Partnerships - need to leverage resources

Standards

• IHO - International Hydrographic Organization

• FGDC - Federal Geographic Data Committee

• ANSI - American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

Characteristics of a Successful NSDI

• Shared responsibility

• Focus on coordination and cooperation

• Role of participants constantly changing

• Primary emphasis on “place”

• Dependent on partnerships

• Building on common interests and needs

USGS National Mapping Division

• National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP)

• Digital Orthophotograph Quarter Quadrangles (DOQQ)

• 1:24,000 and 1:100,000 Digital Line Graph - all layers (DLG)

• 1:24,000 Digital Raster Graphics (DRG)

• State Coordinators Program

• Advanced Systems Support Center (ASC)

• Cost Share Programs

GIS In Federal Agencies

The purpose of NSGIC is to encourage effective and efficient government through the coordinated development of geographic information and technologies to ensure that information may be integrated at all levels of government. This is accomplished through education, research, and the development of policies, standards and guidelines. NSGIC fosters increased understanding and interest in the development, operation and maintenance of geographic information and geographic information systems.

National States Geographic Information Council

NSGIC Strategy PlanFebruary 1999

• Goals:

– Assure that GIS programs and geospatial infrastructure of individual states are strong and diverse

– Provide opportunities and mechanisms for states to partner with federal agencies

– Foster opportunities and mechanisms for states to build the NSDI

– Advance research in geographic information sciences and spatial data infrastructure

Local and Regional Government Activities

• The National Association of Counties (NACo)

• The National League of Cities

• Western Governors Association

• National Association of State Legislators

• International City/County Management Association (ICMA)

• Natural Resource Leadership Group (NRLG)

• National Association of Regional Councils (NARC)

Other Organizations

• University Consortium for Geographic Information Science

• OpenGIS

• Urban Regional Information Systems Association

• American Association of Geographers

• American Geophysical Union

• Geospatial Information and Technology Association

• American Congress on Surveying and Mapping

• American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Funding Sources• FGDC

– Cooperative Agreement Programs

– Framework Demonstration Projects

– NSDI Benefits Program

• NOAA

– High Performance Computing and Communications Program (HPCC)

– Environmental Systems Data and Information (ESDIM)

– Coastal Services Center

• Broad Area Announcements

– NOAA Environmental Data Rescue Program

– CZ State Grants

• EPA, NASA, NSF - other funding source

Legislation and Budget Initiatives

• Coastal Zone Management Act Section 310 Reauthorization

– Desirable to add language to this section that would enhance state efforts for the development of the Coastal and Ocean NSDI

– Community Federal Information Partnership

Community Federal Information Partnership Objectives

• Stimulate local and regional entities to engage in community based data collection, sharing, and use

• Increase the capability of the geospatial community to implement the goals and objectives of the NSDI

• Provide every local government jurisdiction technical infrastructure and training to meet their basic needs to use geospatial data to make informed place based decisions

• Ensure federal agencies capabilities to meet their full responsibilities for full NSDI implementation by 2004

• Advance the capacity of the Nation’s communities to create and use geospatial data for sound decision making

– Decision support tools

– Data collection activities

– Collection of high priority data sets

– Collection of NSDI-compliant metadata

– Support of research and development

Community Federal Information Partnership Components

The Manager’s Role in Developing a GIS

• System Development Process

• Define Organizational Goals for Technology

• Personnel Selection

• Project Planning and Oversight

• Performance Evaluation

• Communicating Results

• Analyzing Future Trends and Preparing the Organization

Know the Quality of Your Data

• Accuracy

• Scale

• Timeliness

• History

GISGOGISGOGarbage in • Spatial Garbage Out

1:20,000 Shoreline

1:70,000 Shoreline

Metadata

• “Data about data” or “information about data”

• Description of the content, quality, condition, and other characteristics of data

• Standardized representation of information, or a common set of terms for data

• National Spatial Data Infrastructure

Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Coastal Services Center Publication_Date: 19980930 Title: Spatial Extent of the Clean Water Act in the Southeast U.S. - 1998 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: NOAA Coastal Services Center Online_Linkage: http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Coastal Services Center Publication_Date: 19980930 Title: Ocean Planning and Governance Geographic Information System (Ocean GIS) Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: NOAA Coastal Services Center Other_Citation_Details: none Description: Abstract: The Ocean Planning and Governance Geographic Information System (Ocean GIS) is a prototype online regional marine GIS covering the vast ocean area bounded by the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, the exclusive economic zone, and various maritime boundaries. The Ocean GIS was developed to provide for state and local level policy frameworks.

Purpose: The Ocean GIS provides marine resource managers with timely and equitable access to downloadable data, cutting-edge online mapping functionality, and guidance on how to use GIS in a meaningful way with respect to ocean management. THE DATA INCLUDED IN THIS APPLICATION ARE BASED ON INTERPRETATION OF AVAILABLE INFORMATION AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS LEGALLY BINDING.

Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1995 Ending_Date: 1998 Currentness_Reference: Publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: unknown Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -87.6349 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.3727 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.5556

Applications

SOFTWARE

DATA

APPLICATIONS

HARDWARE PEOPLE

GISGIS

Coastal problem Generalrelevance

GIS ImageProcessing

Habitat loss/degradation 75% 65% 69%

Coastal development pressures / impacts 74% 48% 48%

Water quality degradation in rivers / estuaries 63% 40% 21%

Wetland impairment /conversion to other uses 59% 51% 66%

Coastal hazards and catastrophic events 51% 35% 35%

Fisheries (declining resources) 51% 32% 14%

Coastal erosion 51% 29% 28%

Shellfish (health of stocks) 41% 32% 17%

Seafood / drinking water contamination 24% 11% 3%

Groundwater degradation or depletion 14% 10% 0%

Coastal Management and Technology

Quality Information Management is about Preparing for the Future by

Working Smarter Today

• Increasing need to:

– share data

– analyze and synthesize data

– visualize information

Information Technology from a Manager’s Perspective

• Long-Term Goals

• Short-Term Goals

• Self-Preservation

• Benefits Versus Costs

Scope Scale

Functionality

Conceptual Design

• Scope

• Scale

• Functionality

Detailed Design• Develops blueprints for the system based on the architectural

drawings of the conceptual design.

Implementation

• Project management skills are the key to successful implementation.

– Planning

– Scheduling

– Budgeting

– Problem Solving

– Evaluation and Adjustment

Project Management

• Every project needs a manager

• Plans need to be researched and documented

• Monitoring of progress should be consistent and frequent

• Problems are inevitable; the crux is how well the organization deals with them

• Information Management - sharing and synthesis is very political at times

Resource Allocation

• Dollars

• People

• Manager’s Time

Project Evaluation

• Evaluation should be part of the plan

• Clear measures for success must be established

• Performance data must be collected as part of the process

• Evaluation should result in positive actions to improve

• Federal Government

• State Government

• Local Government

• Private Industry

Summary:GIS in Context

GIS and Information Management

• Location links all information

– Data sharing

– Data quality

– Data processing

• Graphics let you visualize information

– More efficient data collection and analysis

– More effective analysis and presentation

AppendixAppendix

Creating an integrated geographic information system (GIS) that geo-references the statutory and legal framework for regional ocean resource governance and management.

North CarolinaNorth Carolina

South Carolina

South Carolina

GeorgiaGeorgia

FloridaFlorida

Ocean Planning and Governance GIS Project

* Underlying Issue - Education

Priority Issues in the Southeast

– Critical Habitat Protection

– Conflict Areas/Economic Valuation

– Beach Renourishment

– Sustainable Fisheries

– Mitigation and Hazards

Spatial Data Categories

• Political Boundaries

• Institutional Boundaries

• Physical Resources

• Living Resources

• Economic Resources

• Foreign & Hazardous Materials

• Legal Framework (Geo-Regulations)

Who manages our seas?• State Coastal Zones

• U.S. Minerals Management Service

• Fishery Management Councils

• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

• Federal Emergency Management Agency

• U.S. Coast Guard

• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

• U.S. National Park Service

• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Institutional Framework and Agency Jurisdictions

Functionality:

Pan/Zoom

Active Legend

Locator Image

Multiple Views

Access to Metadata

Federal Agencies Button

Public Laws Button

Identify Feature

Development:

ArcView Project

INI File

Visual Basic

MapObjects

HTML

Ocean GIS Internet Mapping

…and linking the layers to legal information.

Identifying data...