“coat color in labrador retrievers” cocoamidnight
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“Coat Color in Labrador Retrievers”
Cocoa Midnight
Metabolic Networks Introduction
Network ReviewNetwork
an interconnected or interrelated web, group, or system.
Nodesmembers of the network
Edgesthe relationships between the nodes
Compare and contrast these networks.
Food Web Network Cell Phone Network
Compare and contrast a food web and cell phone network
• The nodes
• The edges– Types and meaning of the relationships– Properties of the edges– Directionality of the arrows
• Scale of the network
• Boundary of network
Lactase Lab
• Lactose is composed of Galactose and Glucose
• Lactase breaks lactose into…
Lactose
Lactase
How can we represent this with nodes and edges?
Lactose
Glucose
Lactase
Galactose
What do the nodes represent?What do the edges represent?
Key Terms
• Metabolism: all the enzyme reactions occurring within a cell or whole organism
• Metabolite: any molecule produced by chemical reactions of metabolism
Lactose
Glucose
Lactase
Galactose
Key:
Metabolites
Enzyme reactions
Key Terms
Metabolic Network: an interconnected set of enzyme reactions; the output of one reaction is the input of another
• Nodes = metabolites
• Edges = enzyme reactions
Lactose
Glucose
Lactase
Galactose
Key:
Metabolites
Enzyme reactions
Lactose is produced as an output of a different
enzyme reaction
Galactose is used as an input to a different
enzyme reaction
Glucose is used as an input to a different enzyme
reaction
Metabolic network
Lactose
Galactose Galactose P UDP-Galactose
Glucose
Glycogen
UDP-Glucose
Glucose-1-P
Glucose-6-PATP
ADP
Pi
Nodes are metabolitesEdges are enzyme reactions
Metabolic pathway
Lactose
Galactose Galactose P UDP-Galactose
Glucose
Glycogen
UDP-Glucose
Glucose-1-P
Glucose-6-PATP
ADP
Pi
Nodes are metabolitesEdges are enzyme reactions
A metabolic pathway is a series of enzyme reactions connecting one metabolite to another– Like a single food chain within a food web
Metabolic Network
A B C D
E F
Nodes = metabolitesEdges = enzymatic conversion
A B C D
E F
Nodes = metabolitesEdges = enzymatic conversion
X
What if the enzyme converting metabolite B to C is missing?
CBA
Nodes = metabolitesEdges = enzymatic conversion
X
E F
D
Result:
-Accumulation of B
-Decrease of C, D, E, and F
What if the enzyme converting metabolite B to C is missing?
“Coat Color in Labrador Retrievers”
Cocoa Midnight
Guiding Question:
“How does variation exist between organisms?”
Read: “Coat Colors in Labrador Retrievers” to help you answer this question.
Vocab to know for reading.
• Pigment = A substance, such as chlorophyll or melanin, that produces a characteristic color in plant or animal tissue.
• Skin and Hair pigments are produced in cells called melanocytes.
• Synthesize = to put together.
Labrador (dog) pigmentation
Tyrosine Dopaquinone
Brown pigment
Black pigment
Yellow pigmenttyrosinase
TRP-2
TRP-1
Nodes = metabolitesEdges = enzymatic conversion
Tyrosine Dopaquinone
Brown pigment
Black pigment
Yellow pigmenttyrosinase
TRP-2
TRP-1
Nodes = metabolitesEdges = enzymatic conversion
What happens if the enzyme TRP – 1 is missing?
Black pigment
What color is the dog’s coat? Brown
Tyrosine Dopaquinone
Brown pigment
Black pigment
Yellow pigmenttyrosinase
TRP-2
TRP-1
Nodes = metabolitesEdges = enzymatic conversion
What happens if both the enzymes TRP – 1 and TRP-2 are missing?
Black pigment
What color is the dog’s coat? Yellow
Brown pigment
Pigment Networks Practice
Complete the networks practice handout.
Make sure you answer all questions.
Pigment Metabolic Network for the Imaginary Bioflower
Blue Flower Purple Flower
Where is the variation in these flowers? Blue and Purple Flowers (Color)
Bioflowers
A colorless starting molecule is converted by enzyme X to blue pigment. Next, enzyme Y converts the blue pigment to purple pigment.
1.Diagram of the pathway. (include a key)
2.Give an explanation for a blue flower.
Colorless Compound Blue Pigment Purple Pigment
X Y
Nodes = metabolites
Edges = enzymes
“Roundbuds”
RoundbudsIn another type of wildflower, the roundbud, red pigment is synthesized from a white precursor by enzyme Q.
1. Draw the enzyme pathway for the roundbud.
It was believed that all roundbuds were red until a knowledgeable, observant teenager discovered a meadow full of white-flowered roundbuds.
2. Using your knowledge of the synthesis pathway for red pigment, give an explanation for the white roundbud variety.
White Precursor Red PigmentQ
1. Enzyme Pathway
Nodes = Metabolites
Edges = Enzyme
It was believed that all roundbuds were red until a knowledgeable, observant teenager discovered a meadow full of white-flowered roundbuds.
2. Using your knowledge of the synthesis pathway for red pigment, give an explanation for the white roundbud variety.
White Precusor Red Pigment
Q
Nodes = Metabolites
Edges = Enzyme
Labrador retriever Images provided by:
http://www.puppydogweb.com/gallery/labradorretrievers/lab_thakur.jpg
http://www.puppydogweb.com/gallery/labradorretrievers/labret_johnson.jpg