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HIS 1130 INDIGENOUS CULTURES IN CHINA DURING THE LATER MING AND EARLY QUING EMPIRES

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Page 1: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

HIS 1130 INDIGENOUS CULTURES IN CHINA DURING THE LATER MING AND EARLY QUING

EMPIRES

Page 2: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

Attendance Reading Quiz

Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation

1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers.

2. Cite one example of an indigenous people that co-existed with nonviolent occupiers

3. How did natives adapt to the outsiders?4. Why is it so hard to understand that

indigenous people adapted and changed?

Page 3: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

Answers

1. Fought newcomers: Jarawas, Arawaks in Caribbean, Tribal peoples of Africa, Aztecs, Maori, Ainu, Pequot, Shawnee, Seminoles, Apache, Comanche, Cheyenne, Nez Perce, Sioux (Lakota), Mapuche, Zulu, Tehuelche, Puelche, Warlpiri of Australia.

2. Coexisted with occupiers: Beothuk, Besho, Ainu, Maori, Metis

3. Adaptation? Responses… 4. Difficulty in understanding…

Page 4: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

What is an Empire?

Reasons for creation? Examples of empires? Logic of Empire? How do Empires influence cultures? Internal vs. External Maintenance of an empire: day to day

function

Page 5: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

A. The Late Ming Dynasty

After Yuan dynasty collapsed, Ming dyn. (1368-1644) restored native rule

Hongwu, founder of Ming, drove Mongols out of China, centralized state

1421 capital from Nanjing south to Beijing, closer watch on Mongols

Great Wall immense Project: started 221-210 BCE

Later emperors expanded the long defensive wall along northern border

Entire wall with all of its branches measures 21,196 km (13,171 mi)

Page 6: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

Chinese Empire and Wall

Page 7: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

A portion of the Great Wall

Page 8: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people
Page 9: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

Great Wall Exercise

Great Wall took one thousand years to build at a huge cost to human life and the treasury.

Led to bankruptcy and failed to keep outnorthern “barbarians”anyway

What alternatives to this project might there have been?

Jigsaw exercise to determine a viable alternative to the wall; attendance

Page 10: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

Great Wall Exercise Assign four roles

Emperor: blue Military: orange Peasant/worker: green Merchant: yellow

Page 11: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

Great Wall Jigsaw

Meet with fellow roles by numberWhat was your role in building the wall?How did the wall influence your group?

Create Great Wall Imperial Evaluation TeamsOne Person from each of four groups(One color in each group)

Assignment: Given ultimate failure of the wall in keeping out the Mongols (Chingis Khan beginning of 13th century; Manchurians) What alternatives might China have implemented?Write a paragraph with the solution devised by your team. Put names on your paper. (Attendance)One paper per group

Page 12: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

B. Ming Governmentand Expansion

Ming emperors extravagant lives in Forbidden City, ignored government

Ming first turned inward, away from overseas commerce, forbid travel abroad

Emperor Yongle organized vast encyclopedia

Late Ming: 7 massive maritime expeditions (1405-1433)

 Spread of Chinese culture through Asia

Page 13: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

Treasure Fleet Voyages

Page 14: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

The Forbidden City

Page 15: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

Late Ming Naval Fleet When China Ruled the Seas

Page 16: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people
Page 17: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

Indigenous People under Ming Domination

What happens when state denies native pop.?

Mongolia: dominant population based in a mobile, pastoral lifestyle: Indigenous?

The Miao People of southwest China See next slide for details

Page 18: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

3. Indigenous People: the Miao

Miao People of Guizhou, Yunnan, Hunan, Sichuan, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region SW China

Mountainous, villages. Pop. 8,940,116 Paddy rice, maize, potatoes, sorghum, beans tobacco, sugar cane Large-scale migrations: wide

dispertions Miao language: 3 main dialects Linen jackets colorful designs Small, monogamous familes

arranged marriage s Miao Sister Festival

Page 19: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

C. Collapse of the Ming Empire

1640s Manchu invaders plus rebels, Ming Empire collapsed

SG: Why do empires collapse?

Page 20: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

C. The Qing Dynasty

Qing Empire Manchus poured into China, new dynasty:

Quing (pure) 1644-1911 Manchurian chief Nurhaci (1616-1626)

united tribes By 1680s consolidated dynasty throughout

China Preserved cultural, ethnic identity,

depreciated Chinese people 2 effective emperors: Kangxi (1661-1722)

and Quianlong (1736-1795)

Page 21: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

1. Qing Emperors

Kangxi, Intellectual prodigy, warrior, interested science

Quianlong: learned man. Long, stable and prosperous reign, $ grew

Tightly centralized state, same structure as Ming

Success of Qing in conquest and trade, caused admiration in Europe

Page 22: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

Emperor Kangxi

Page 23: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

Emperor Quianlong

Page 24: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

2. Economic and Cultural Changes

Ming and Qing succeeded restore traditional ways: hierarchy, patriarchy

Conservative social structure Patrilineal descent and grouped in clans, patriarchal

society Spanish American crops: corn, sweet pot, peanuts:

boosted population 100 million in 1500 to 160 mill in 1600, 225 mill by 1750 Early Qing dyn. global trade: tremendous prosperity Silk, porcelain, lacquerware, tea: tight government

regulation Chinese Society highly stratified Scholar bureaucrats, commoners, military forces and

mean people

Page 25: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people
Page 26: Coates, Ch. 4: Resistance and Adaptation 1. Cite one example of an indigenous people that fought the newcomers. 2. Cite one example of an indigenous people

Conclusions

Cultural Changes and Empires in China


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