COCATE Safety Assessment Pipeline Export SystemCOCATE WP 3: Safety Global Capture to Storage Transport Network

Menso Molag and Mark Spruijt

Menso Molag and Mark SpruijtCOCATE Safety Management

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Safety Assessment Pipeline Export System

Background WP3

Cocate WP3 Tasks, deliverables, partners

Release models high pressure CO2 pipelines

Dispersion released CO2

Vulnerability models

Further activitiesFurther activities

Menso Molag and Mark SpruijtCOCATE Safety Management

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QRA of CO2 pipeline Rotterdam - Amsterdam

Diameter: 0.65 mLength : 83 kmP 10 22 bPressure: 10 -22 bar

Menso Molag and Mark SpruijtCOCATE Safety Management

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Menso Molag and Mark SpruijtCOCATE Safety Management

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Risk assessments CO2 pipeline

Failure cases: 20 mm hole and full bore rupture

Pipeline owner [2004] : 10-6 lethality distance 3.5 m from pipeline

Hoofddorp assessment [2005]: 1% lethality distance 200 m

TNO [2008] : lethality risk < 10-6 per year, 1% lethality distance 60 m

International comparison (Koornneef [2010]): 10-6 lethality distance : 0 – 200 mSafety distance : 0 – 7.2 kmSafety distance : 0 7.2 km

Menso Molag and Mark SpruijtCOCATE Safety Management

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Uncertainties QRA CO2 pipelinesKoornneef [2010]

Influence on risk

Failure scenario ++Failure scenario ++

Release frequency +

Vertical / horizontal Jet +++

Gas release or gas/solid release ++

Crater formation + loss of momentum ++

Meteorological conditions +Meteorological conditions +

Terrain altitude (obstacles, slopes/hills) ++

Human vulnerability model +++

Menso Molag and Mark SpruijtCOCATE Safety Management

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Cocate WP3: Objectives, tasks, partners

Objective: Define, quantify and analyse HSE risks of CO2 collecting network andtransport chain

Tasks:1. Development of safety management toolkit (DNV, IFP, TNO)p y g ( )2. Risk assessment collecting network (DNV)3. Risk assessment transport systems (TNO, DNV)4. Risk assessment integrated chains (TNO, DNV)

Menso Molag and Mark SpruijtCOCATE Safety Management

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TNO researchSmall scale release experimentspModelling of the 2 phase outflow and rain-out of solid CO2Dispersion of dense CO2Vulnerability of CO2

Menso Molag and Mark SpruijtCOCATE Safety Management

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CATO 2 programme:Small scale high pressure CO2 release experiments

TNO micro scale tests:• Release from 1 litre vessel• Nozzle opening : ¼ and ½ inch• Pressure : 60, 80, 100, 120, 150 180 bar

Objectives• Rapid study of phenomenap y p• Valve selection• Feasibility of Measuring techniques• IR (turbulence), high speed camera (particle size)

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CATO2 experiments: Kema Research/TNO

500 litre high pressure vesselNozzle length : 100 mmNozzle diameter : 1/8 inch, ¼ inch, ½ inchInitial CO2 pressure : 80 120 150 barInitial CO2 pressure : 80, 120, 150 bar

MeasurementsVessel : pressure, temperature, heat flux, liquid levelJet : CO2 concentration, T, velocity,

s/l/g mass fraction, air entrainment, condensation/freezing water

Menso Molag and Mark SpruijtCOCATE Safety Management

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Graag foto opstelling toevoegen

Menso Molag and Mark SpruijtCOCATE Safety Management

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Graag foto opstelling toevoegen

New solid CO2 formation model

Developed within TNO [1] as part of the Effects soft ware

Used within COCATE to get an idea of differences between severalUsed within COCATE to get an idea of differences between several codes/methods

CO2 solid formation

1. mechanical break up

2. flashing

3. evaporation and freezing

The result for CO2 is a solid particle diameter distribution

[1] “Assessment of particle size distribution in CO2 accidental releases” C E C Hulsbosch-Dam M P N[1] Assessment of particle size distribution in CO2 accidental releases , C.E.C. Hulsbosch Dam, M.P.N.

Spruijt, A. Necci, V. Cozzani, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 25 (2011) 254-262

CFD:CO2 Dispersion of hypothetical worst case scenario pipeline rupture Le Havre -Rotterdam

Worst-case CO2 release scenario:

Massflow 1400 kg/s gaseous CO2“Zero”-momentum release (circularZero -momentum release (circular

release d=100m)Hilly terrain, distance to “village” 1 5km1.5km,

altitude difference 50mdomain dimension 2x2km

COCATE: Heavy gas continuous release in hilly terrain Wind 1.5m/s: Surface CO2 molar fractions

Massflow: 1400kg/s CO2

CO2 contours for weather conditions without wind and 1.5m/s windspeed:No wind: Up to 11% at lowest domain boundaries1.5m/s wind: 1% molar fractions at downwind domain boundaries

No wind: Surface CO2 molar fractionsNo wind: Surface CO2 molar fractions

release point)

Terrain topology (altitude)

Vertical distance [m] of 10 vol.% and 1 vol.% CO2 above ground level

10 vol %10 vol %

Maximum 10m at depressions Up to 5m at downwind

No wind Wind 1.5m/s

p ppositions

1 vol %

Terrain topology (altitude) Surface CO2 molar fractions

Up to 20m in front of local hills Up to 20m in front of local hillsat downwind positions

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Vulnerability of CO2 inhalation

TNO (inert gas), 2006 : Pr = -63.3 + ln (C5.2 . t) (C mg/m3, t min)

HSE (CO2) , RR749, 2009: Pr = -90.8 + 1.01 ln (C8 . t) (C ppm, t min)

E 1% letality 50% letalityExposure 1% letality[vol. % CO2]

50% letality[vol. % CO2]

[min] HSE TNO HSE TNO

1 11 18 15 28

10 8 11 11 1810 8 11 11 18

30 7 9 9 15

60 6 8 8 13

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Further activities

DNV: Bayesan Network Modelling + risk assessment framework

TNO finalize release modelling and consequence models

DNV: Risk assessment of collecting network + ship transport

TNO: risk assessment pipeline Le Havre – Rotterdam

DNV/TNO; Risk assessment CCS chain

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