code standard practice 7 eng

canadian institute of steel construction

for structural steel

CISCCode ofCode of

StandardStandardPractice

Copyright © 2009

by

Canadian Institute of Steel Construction

All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof must not be reproduced in any form without the written

permission of the publisher.

First Printing, January 2009

ISBN 978-0-88811-123-4

PRINTED IN CANADA

by

Lakeside Group Inc.Ontario, Canada

7-3

CISC

CODE OF STANDARD PRACTICE

for Structural Steel

Seventh Edition

Published by the CANADIAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

3760 14th Avenue � Suite 200 Markham � Ontario � L3R 3T7

7-4 CISC Code of Standard Practice

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface .....................................................................................................................................7-6

1. General Provisions ............................................................................................................7-81.1 Scope ..........................................................................................................................7-81.2 De� nitions ..................................................................................................................7-81.3 Governing Technical Standards ...............................................................................7-101.4 Responsibility for Design ........................................................................................7-111.5 Responsibility for Erection Procedure .....................................................................7-111.6 Patented Devices ......................................................................................................7-111.7 Scheduling ...............................................................................................................7-11

2. Classi� cation of Material ................................................................................................7-112.1 Structural Steel . ........................................................................................................7-112.2 Field Connection Material .......................................................................................7-132.3 Items Supplied by Others .........................................................................................7-13

3. Quotations and Contracts ................................................................................................7-153.1 Standard Form of Contract .......................................................................................7-153.2 Types of Contracts ...................................................................................................7-153.3 Revisions to Contract Documents ...........................................................................7-153.4 Discrepancies ...........................................................................................................7-163.5 Computation of Units ..............................................................................................7-163.6 Contract Price Adjustments .....................................................................................7-173.7 Scheduling ...............................................................................................................7-17

4. Contract Documents ........................................................................................................7-184.1 Tender Documents – Tender Drawings and Tender Speci� cations .........................7-184.2 Architectural, Electrical and Mechanical Drawings .................................................7-184.3 Construction Drawings and Construction Speci� cations ........................................7-184.4 Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel .................................................................7-194.5 Digital Modelling .....................................................................................................7-19

5. Fabrication and Erection Documents ..............................................................................7-195.1 Erection Diagrams ....................................................................................................7-195.2 Connection Design Details .......................................................................................7-195.3 Shop Details .............................................................................................................7-205.4 Erection Procedures .................................................................................................7-205.5 Field Work Details ...................................................................................................7-205.6 Review and Approval ...............................................................................................7-205.7 Additions, Deletions or Changes .............................................................................7-21

6. Material, Fabrication, Inspection, Painting and Delivery ...............................................7-216.1 Material ....................................................................................................................7-216.2 Identi� cation ............................................................................................................7-216.3 Preparation of Material ............................................................................................7-226.4 Fitting and Fastening ...............................................................................................7-22

7-5CISC Code of Standard Practice

6.5 Dimensional Tolerances ...........................................................................................7-226.6 Inspection of Steelwork ...........................................................................................7-226.7 Surface Preparation ..................................................................................................7-226.8 Paint .........................................................................................................................7-226.9 Marking and Shipping .............................................................................................7-236.10 Delivery of Materials .............................................................................................7-23

7. Erection ...........................................................................................................................7-247.1 Method of Erection ..................................................................................................7-247.2 Erection Safety .........................................................................................................7-247.3 Site Conditions .........................................................................................................7-247.4 Foundations ..............................................................................................................7-247.5 Bearing Surfaces ......................................................................................................7-247.6 Building Lines and Bench Marks ............................................................................7-257.7 Installation of Anchor Rods and Embedded Items ..................................................7-257.8 Bearing Devices .......................................................................................................7-257.9 Examination by Erector ...........................................................................................7-267.10 Adjustable Shelf Angles and Sash Angles .............................................................7-267.11 Loose Lintels, Wall-Bearing Members and Other Pieces .......................................7-267.12 Tolerances ..............................................................................................................7-267.13 Checking Erected Steelwork ..................................................................................7-267.14 Removal of Bracing ...............................................................................................7-267.15 Correction of Errors When Material Is Not Erected by the Fabricator .................7-277.16 Field Assembly ......................................................................................................7-277.17 Accommodation of Other Trades ...........................................................................7-277.18 Temporary Floors and Access Stairs ......................................................................7-277.19 Touch-Up of Shop Paint .........................................................................................7-277.20 Final Painting .........................................................................................................7-277.21 Final Cleanup .........................................................................................................7-27

APPENDIX A – Structural Steel in Buildings ......................................................................7-28

APPENDIX B – Guideline for Unit Price Application for Changes ...................................7-30

APPENDIX C – A Suggested Format for Price-per-Unit Contracts ....................................7-32

APPENDIX D – Tolerances on Anchor Rod Placement ......................................................7-36

APPENDIX E – Conversion of SI Units to Imperial Units .................................................7-37

APPENDIX F – Miscellaneous Steel ..................................................................................7-38

APPENDIX G – A Suggested Format for a Monthly Progress Payment Claim Form ........7-40

APPENDIX H – Suggested De� nitions for Progress Invoicing and Substantial Performance .............................................................................................7-41

APPENDIX I – Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel ...................................................7-42

APPENDIX J – Digital Modelling ......................................................................................7-48


CISC CODE OF STANDARD PRACTICE


PREFACE

The CISC Code of Standard Practice for Structural Steel is a compilation of usual in dustry practices relating to the design, fabrication and erection of structural steel. These practices evolve over a period of time and are subject to change as improved meth ods replace those of an earlier period. The Code is revised whenever a suf� cient number of changes have occurred to warrant a new edition.

The � rst edition of the Code was adopted and published in November 1958. A second edition incorporating minor revisions was published in October 1962. The third edition, published in September 1967 and revised in May 1970, incorporated minor changes throughout with principal changes in Section 2 - De� nition of Structural Steel and Sec tion 3 - Computation of Weights for Unit Price Bids.

The fourth edition adopted in June 1980, revised December 1980, broadened the scope to in-clude bridges and other structures. It also incorporated the CISC “Guide to Tendering Proced-ures” into Section 3 and Appendices B and C. The Code was converted to SI (metric) units and provided conversion factors and Imperial units in Appendix E.

The � fth edition (1991) re� ected the steel standard’s recognition of the preparation of � ve types of fabrication and erection documents which may be produced in ful� lling a steel construc-tion contract. These documents may be in the form of drawings, diagrams, sketches, computer output, hand calculations and other data which can be supplied by the fabricator/erector. This data is generally referred to in contract documents as “shop drawings”. The computation of mass has been changed by deleting the mass of welds and the allowances for paint and other coatings. Appendix B, Guideline for Unit Price Application for Changes, and Appendix C, A Suggested Format for Price-Per-Unit of Mass or Price-Per-Item Contracts were substantially revised. To foster uniformity, two new appendices were added: Miscellaneous Steel and A Sug-gested Format for a Monthly Progress Claim Form.

The sixth edition (1999) clari� ed the role of the fabricator, the informa tion required, and where that information is expected, as stipulated in the governing technical standards. Added were: de� nitions of Design Drawings and Quotations, clauses on quotations, discrepancies, shims for bearing surfaces, the allowance for re turn of documents, the information required when painting is speci� ed, and Appendix H - Suggested De� nitions for Progress Invoicing and Sub-stantial Performance. Changes were also made to Appendix C, the terminology for Unit Price contracts, connection types, and anchor rods – the latter two to be consistent with the changes in CSA Stan dard CAN/CSA-S16-01.

This seventh edition adds two new appendices: I - Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel (AESS) and J - Digital Modelling, in order to give guidance to designers, owners, and contract-ors on these two important topics. As each of these topics involves issues that vary widely and approaches differ, the Code endeavours to identify and clarify the main points that should be addressed by the interested parties to avoid con� icts during actual construction. In addition, de� nitions of AESS, STEEL DETAILER and WORK, and a time frame for accepting erected steelwork have been added.


Whenever a gender-speci� c term is used, it shall be read as gender-neutral.

By documenting standard practices the Code aims to promote a clear understanding between the Canadian structural steel fabrication and erection industry and its clients.

Canadian Institute of Steel Construction

Adopted June 6, 2008


CISC CODE OF STANDARD PRACTICE


1. General Provisions

1.1 Scope

This Code covers standard industry practice with respect to the furnish ing of structural steel. In the absence of provisions to the contrary contained in contracts to which members of the Canadian Institute of Steel Construction are contracting par ties, members will abide by the practices described herein.

1.2 De� nitions

Approved-for-Con-struction Drawings

Drawings and other documents approved by the client authorizing work to proceed. (May also be called “Issued-for-Construction Drawings”).

Architect As de� ned under the appropriate Architect’s Act.

Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel

Structural steel which is speci� cally designated as architecturally exposed and the appearance of which is governed by Appendix I, Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel.

Client A person, corporation, or authority with whom the fabricator has contracted.

Connection Design Details

Documents which provide details of standard and non-standard connections and other data necessary for the preparation of shop details.

Construction Drawings

Drawings used to govern the construction of the works.

Construction Speci� cations

Speci� cations used to govern the construction of the works.

Contract The agreement between the fabricator and/or erector, and the cli ent.

Contract Documents The documents which de� ne the responsibilities of the parties involved in tendering, purchasing, supplying, fabricating and erect ing structural steel, including tender drawings and tender speci� cations and applicable revisions in effect and agreed to at the time of contract award.

Cost Plus a Fee Contract

An Agreement whereby the fabricator and/or erector agrees to ful� l the contract for a consideration which is calculated on the basis of the fabricator’s costs plus a speci� ed fee as de� ned in the con tract.

Design Drawings Drawings, including computer output, electronic and other data, as prepared by the designer showing member sizes and dimen sions and all required forces for connection design, i.e. shears, axial forces, moments and torsions. (See governing technical standard).


Designer The designer of the structure. See Engineer of Record.

Engineer As de� ned under the appropriate Professional Engineer’s Act.

Engineer of Record Professional Engineer who designs the structure, as de� ned under the appropriate Professional Engineer’s Act.

Erection Bracing Bracing materials or members which are used to plumb, align and stabilize structural members or the structure during construction and are removed when the structural members or the structure is secured by bolting or welding of structural members.

Erection Diagrams Are general arrangement drawings showing the principal dimensions and elevations of the steel structure, sizes of the steel mem bers, piece marks, size (diameter) and type of bolts, bolt installation requirements, elevations of column bases, all neces sary dimensions and details for setting anchor rods, and all other information necessary for the assembly of the structure.

Erection Procedures Outline the construction methods, erection sequence, erection and temporary bracing requirements, and other engineering details necessary for shipping, handling, erecting, and maintaining the stability of the structural steel frame.

Erector Means the party responsible for erection of the steelwork.

Fabricator Means the party responsible for furnishing the structural steel.

Field Work Details Are details that provide complete information for modifying fabri-cated members in the � eld (e.g. prepare existing steel to receive new steel).

General Contractor, Constructor or Construction Manager

The person or corporation who constructs, coordinates, and super-vises the construction of the work.

General Terminology e.g. Beams, Joists, Columns, etc.

These terms have the meanings stated or implied in CAN/CSA-S16 (latest edition), CAN/CSA-S6 (latest edition) and Appendix A of this Code.

Lump Sum Price Contract

Also called Stipulated Price Contract. An agreement whereby the fabricator and/or erector contracts to ful� l the contract terms for a lump sum (stipulated price) consideration.

Miscellaneous Steel Steel items described and listed in Appendix F of this Code.

Others Means a party or parties other than the fabricator and/or erector.

Owner Means the owner of a structure and shall include his authorized agent and any person taking possession of a structure on the owner’s behalf. Depending on the circumstances an authorized agent may be the architect, engineer, general contractor, construc tion manager, public authority or other designated representative of the owner.


Price-per-Unit Contract

Also called Unit-Price Contract. An agreement whereby the fabri-cator and/or erector contracts to ful� l the contract terms for a con-sideration which is based on the units of steel calculated in accordance with the CISC Code of Standard Practice for Struc tural Steel.

Quotations Proposals by the fabricator based on structural steel as de� ned in Clause 2.1 and as included in the tender documents, and in accor-dance with the documents outlined in Clause 3.1.1.

Revision A change in the contract documents.

Shop Details Documents which provide complete information for the fabrica tion of various members and components of the structure, includ ing the required material and product standards; the location, type, and size of all mechanical fasteners; bolt installation require ments; and welds.

Steel Detailer The skilled technicians responsible for the preparation of shop de-tails and other data necessary for fabrication and/or erection. May also be the fabricator.

Stipulated Price Contract

See Lump Sum Price Contract.

Structural Drawings Drawings showing the structural steel required.

Structural Steel Those items listed under Clause 2.1

Structural Steel Frame

An assemblage of structural steel components (beams, columns, purlins, girts, etc.) for the purpose of resisting loads and forces. See Clause 2.1.

Structural Steel Speci� cations

The portion of the tender speci� cations containing the requirements for the fabrication and erection of the structural steel.

Temporary Bracing Members designed by the Engineer of Record to be removed at a later date at his or her instruction.

Tender Documents Drawings, speci� cations, general conditions, addenda, etc., used as the basis for preparing a tender.

Tender Drawings Drawings used as the basis for preparing a tender.

Tender Speci� cations Speci� cations used as the basis for preparing a tender.

Unit-Price Contract See Price-per-Unit Contract.

Work De� ned as the product or services provided by the steel Fabricator or Erector.

1.3 Governing Technical Standards

The provisions of the latest edition of CAN/CSA-S16 “Limits States Design of Steel Struc-tures” shall govern the design, fabri cation and erection of steel structures except bridges. The provisions of the latest edition of CAN/CSA-S6 “Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code”, the


“Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code” (in Ontario) or the American Railway Engineering Association’s “Speci� cations for Steel Railway Bridges” shall govern the design, fabrication and erection of structural steel for bridges. The provisions of the latest edition of CSA Standard W59 “Welded Steel Construction (Metal-Arc Welding)” shall govern arc welding design and practice. The provisions of other standards shall be applicable if called for in the tender draw-ings and tender speci� cations.

1.4 Responsibility for Design

When the client provides the structural drawings and speci� cations, the fabricator and the erector shall not be responsible for determin ing the adequacy of the design nor liable for the loss or damage resulting from an inade quate design. Should the client desire the fabricator to assume any responsibility for design beyond that of proposing adequate connections and details, and, when required, components, members, or assemblies standardized by the fabricator, the client shall state clearly his requirements in the invitation to tender or in the accompanying tender drawings and tender speci� cations. Even though proposed connections and design de-tails may be prepared by the fabricator’s technical staff, the overall behaviour of the structure remains the responsibility of the designer of the structure. (See also Clause 5.6).

1.5 Responsibility for Erection Procedure

When the erection of structural steel is part of his contract, the fabricator shall be responsible for determining the erec tion procedure, for checking the adequacy of the connections for the uncompleted struc ture and for providing erection bracing or connection details. When the erection of the structural steel is not part of his contract, the fabricator shall not be responsible for de termining the erection procedure, for checking the adequacy of the connections for the uncompleted structure, or for providing erection bracing or connection details not in cluded in the contract documents, nor shall the fabricator be liable for loss or damage re sulting from faulty erection. However, the steel fabricator shall be informed by the client of the erection sequence to be used which may in� uence the sequence and process of the manufacturing. (See also Clauses 5.1 and 5.4).

1.6 Patented Devices

Except when the contract documents call for the design to be furnished by the fabricator or erector, the fabricator and erector assume that all nec essary patent rights have been obtained by the client and that the fabricator and erector will be fully protected by the client in the use of patented designs, devices or parts re quired by the contract documents.

1.7 Scheduling

The client should provide a construction schedule in the tender documents. In the absence of such a schedule, one should be mutually agreed upon be tween the contracting parties, prior to the contract award.

2. Classifi cation of Material

2.1 Structural Steel

Unless otherwise speci� ed in the tender documents, a con tract to supply, fabricate and deliver structural steel shall include only those items from the following list which are clearly indicated as being required by the structural draw ings and tender speci� cations. (See Appendix A).


2.1.1

Anchors for structural steel. Base plates and bearings for structural steel members. Beams, purlins, girts forming part of the structural steel frame. Bearing plates and angles for structural steel members and steel deck. Bins and hoppers of 6 mm plate or heavier, attached to the structural steel frame. Bracing for steel members, trusses or frames. Brackets attached to the structural steel. Bridge bearings connected to the structural steel members. Cables for permanent bracing or suspension systems. Canopy framing if attached to the structural steel frame. Cold-formed channels when used as structural members as listed in the CISC Hand book

of Steel Construction. Columns. Conveyor galleries and supporting bents (exclusive of conveyor stringers, deck plate and

supporting posts which are normally part of the conveyor assembly). Crane rails and stops, excluding unless otherwise noted � nal alignment of the rails. Curb angles and plates attached to the structural steel frame if shown on the structural steel

drawings. Deck support angles at columns, walls, if shown on the structural steel drawings. Diaphragms for bridges. Door frame supports attached to the structural steel frame. Embedded items connecting structural steel. Expansion joints connected to the structural steel frame (excluding expansion joints for

bridges). Field bolts to connect structural steel components. Floor plates, roof plates (raised pattern or plain) and steel grating connected to the struc-

tural steel frame. Girders. Grillage beams of structural steel. Hangers supporting structural steel framing. Jacking girders. Lintels if attached to steel frame and shown on the structural drawings. Mechanical roof support and � oor opening framing shown on structural drawings. Monorail beams of standard structural steel shapes. Open-web steel joists, including anchors, bridging, headers and trimmers; also, when

speci� ed to be included in the structural steel contract documents, light-gauge forms and temperature reinforcement.

Sash angles attached to the structural steel frame. Separators, angles, tees, clips and other detail � ttings essential to the structural steel

frame.Shear connectors/studs, except when installed through sheet steel deck by deck in staller. Shelf angles attached to the structural steel frame if shown on structural drawings.


Shop fasteners or welds, and fasteners required to assemble parts for shipment. Steel tubes or cores for composite columns or braces. Steel window sills attached to the structural steel frame. Struts. Suspended ceiling supports of structural steel shapes at least 75 mm in depth. Temporary components to facilitate transportation to the site. Tie, hanger and sag rods forming part of the structural steel frame. Trusses.

2.1.2 Only if shown on the structural drawings and speci� cally noted by the structural engineer to be supplied by the structural fabricator:

Steel stairs, walkways, ladders and handrails forming part of the structural steelwork. (See Appendix A).

2.2 Field Connection Material

2.2.1 When the fabricator erects the structural steel, he shall supply all material re quired for temporary and for permanent connection of the component parts of the struc tural steel.

2.2.2 When the erection of the structural steel is not part of the fabricator’s contract, unless otherwise speci� ed, the fabricator shall furnish appropriate bolts and nuts (plus washers, if required) or special fasteners, of suitable size and in suf� cient quantity for all � eld connections of steel to steel which are speci� ed to be thus permanently con nected, plus an over-allowance of two per cent of each size to cover waste.

Unless otherwise speci� ed in the tender documents, welding electrodes, back-up bars, tempor-ary shims, levelling plates, � tting-up bolts and drift pins required for the struc tural steel shall not be furnished by the fabricator when the erection of the structural steel is not part of the fabricator’s contract.

2.3 Items Supplied by Others

Unless otherwise speci� ed in the tender docu ments, the following steel or other items shall not be supplied by the structural steel fab ricator.

Bins and hoppers not covered in Clause 2.1 of this Code. Bolts for wood lagging. Bridge bearings not connected to structural steel items. Canopy framing not attached to structural steel. Catch basin frames. Concrete for � lling HSS or pipe sections. Concrete is to be supplied and poured by others

in the shop or � eld with the cooperation of the fabricator/erector. Connection material for other trades. Conveyor stringers, deck plate and supporting posts. Drain pipes. Door and corner guards. Door frames not covered in Clause 2.1 of this Code.


Drilling of holes into masonry or concrete, including core drilling of anchor rods for bridges and drilling for deck support angles.

Edge forming less than 3.2 mm thick for steel deck and not covered in Clause 2.1 of this code.

Embedded steel parts in precast concrete. Embedded steel parts not required for structural steel or deck. Flagpoles and supports. Floor plates, roof plates and grating not covered in Clause 2.1 of this Code. Grout. Hoppers and chutes. Hose and tire storage brackets. Installation of embedded parts. Lag bolts, machine bolts and shields or inserts for attaching shelf angles, trimmer an gles

and channels to masonry or concrete. Lintels over wall recesses. Lintels which are either an integral part of door frames or not attached to the structural

steel frame. Machine bases, rollers and pulleys. Members made from gauge material except cold-formed channels indicated in Clause 2.1. Metal-clad doors and frames. Miscellaneous Steel; see Appendix F. Shear connectors through sheet steel deck by deck installer. Sheet steel cladding. Sheet steel deck. Sheet steel � ashing. Shelf angles not covered in Clause 2.1 of this Code. Shoring under composite � oors and stub girders. Steel doors. Steel sash. Steel stacks. Steel stairs, landings, walkways, ladders and handrails, not covered in Clause 2.1.2 of this

Code. Steel tanks and pressure vessels. Steel window sills not covered in Clause 2.1 of this Code. Support for sheet steel deck at column cutouts and for openings not requiring framing con-

nected to structural steel. Temporary bracing for other trades. Trench covers. Trim angles, eave angles or fascia plates not directly attached to the structural steel frame.


3. Quotations and Contracts

3.1 Standard Form of Contract

Unless otherwise agreed upon, a contract to fab ricate, deliver and/or erect structural steel shall be the appropriate Standard Construc tion Documents approved by the Canadian Construction Documents Committee, or the Canadian Construction Association.

3.1.1 Quotations Quotations from fabricators are based on the following docu ments:

(1) A Standard Form of Contract. The generally accepted standard form of contract is the CCA 1-2008 Stipulated Price Subcontract Form, and

(2) Canadian Institute of Steel Construction (CISC) Code of Standard Practice for Structural Steel, latest edition

3.1.2 Progress Payment Claim FormA suggested format for a progress pay ment claim form is provided in Appendix G.

3.1.3 Progress Invoicing and Substantial CompletionFor suggested de� ni tions, see Appendix H.

3.2 Types of Contracts

3.2.1 For contracts stipulating a “lump sum price”, the work required to be performed by the fabricator and/or erector must be completely de� ned by the contract documents.

3.2.2 For contracts stipulating a “price per unit”, the scope of the work, type of materi als, char-acter of fabrication, and conditions of erection are based upon the contract docu ments which must be representative of the work to be performed. For methods of computing mass, area, or quantity, see Clause 3.5. Also see Appendix C of this Code.

3.2.3 For contracts stipulating “cost plus fee”, the work required to be performed by the fab-ricator and/or erector is inde� nite in nature at the time the contract documents are prepared. Consequently the contract documents should de� ne the method of mea surement of work per-formed, and the fee to be paid in addition to the fabricator’s costs.

3.3 Revisions to Contract Documents

3.3.1 Revisions to the contract shall be made by the issue of dated new or revised docu ments. All revisions shall be clearly indicated. Such revisions should be issued by a De tailed Change Notice.

3.3.2 The fabricator shall advise the client or client representative of any impact such revision or change will have on the existing agreement between the two parties.

3.3.3 Upon agreement between the fabricator and the client or client representative as to the revision’s impact, the client or his representative shall issue a change order or ex tra work order for the revisions.

3.3.4 Unless speci� cally stated to the contrary, the issue of revision documents or changes indicated on drawing approvals is authorization by the client to release these revisions for construction.


3.4 Discrepancies

In case of discrepancies between the structural drawings and speci� cations for build ings, the speci� cations govern. In case of discrepancies between the structural drawings and speci� -cations for bridges, the structural drawings govern. In case of discrepancies between scale dimensions on the structural drawings and � gures written on them, the � gures govern. In case of discrepancies between the structural drawings and plans for other trades or disciplines, the structural drawings govern.

3.5 Computation of Units

Unless another method is speci� ed and fully described at the time tenders are re quested, the computed mass of steel required for the structure shall be determined by the method of compu-tation described herein. (Although the method of computation de scribed does not result in the actual mass of fabricated structural steel and other items, its relative simplicity results in low computational cost and it is based on quantities which can be readily computed and checked by all parties involved to establish the basis of payment). No additional mass for welds, or mass allowance for painting, galvanizing, and metallizing is to be included in the computation of mass.

a) Mass Density. The mass density of steel is assumed to be 7850 kilograms per cubic metre.

b) Shapes, Bars and Hollow Structural Sections. The mass of shapes, bars and hol-low structural sections is computed using the � nished dimensions shown on shop details. No deductions shall be made for holes created by cutting, punch ing or drilling, for material removed by coping or clipping, or for material re moved by weld joint preparation. No cutting, milling or planing allowance shall be added to the � nished dimensions. The mass per metre of length for shapes and hollow struc-tural sections is the published mass. The mass per metre of length for bars is the published mass, or if no mass is published, the mass com puted from the speci� ed cross-sectional area.

c) Plates and Slabs. The mass/area of plates and slabs is computed using the rect-angular dimensions of plates or slabs from which the � nished plate or slab pieces shown on the shop details can be cut. No burning, cutting, trimming or planing allowance shall be added. When it is practical and economical to do so, several irregularly-shaped pieces may be cut from the same plate or slab. In this case, the mass shall be computed using the rectangular dimensions of the plate or slab from which the pieces can be cut. No cutting or trimming allow ance shall be added. In all cases, the speci� ed plate or slab thickness is to be used to compute the mass. The mass of raised-pattern rolled plate is that pub lished by the manufacturer.

d) Bolts. The mass of shop and � eld bolts, nuts and washers is computed on the basis of the shop details and the nominal published mass of the applicable types and sizes of fastener.

e) Studs. If not included in the contract on a “price-per-unit basis”, the mass of studs is computed on the basis of the shop details and/or erection diagrams and the pub-lished mass of the studs.


f) Grating. The mass/area of grating is computed on the basis of the shop details and/or erection diagrams and published mass of the grating. The area to be used is the minimum rectangular area from which the piece of grating can be cut.

Where supplied, such items as shims, levelling plates, temporary connection ma-g) terial, back-up bars and certain � eld “consumables” shall be considered as part of the structural steel whether or not indicated speci� cally in the contract documents. Such items then will be added to, and become a part of, computed mass of steel for the structure.

3.6 Contract Price Adjustments

3.6.1 When the responsibility of the fabricator and/or erector is changed from that pre viously established by the contract documents, an appropriate modi� cation of the con tract price shall be made. In computing the contract price adjustment, the fabricator and/or erector shall con-sider the quantity of work added or deleted, modi� cations in the character of the work, the timeliness of the change with respect to the status of material ordering, the detailing, fabrica-tion and erection operations and related impact costs.

3.6.2 Requests for contract price adjustments shall be presented by the fabricator and/or erector and shall be accompanied by a description of the change in suf� cient de tail to permit evaluation and prompt approval by the client.

3.6.3 Price-per-Unit ContractsGenerally they provide for minor revisions to the quantity of work prior to the time work is approved for construction. Minor revisions to the quan tity of work should be limited to an in-crease or decrease in the quantity of any category not exceeding ten percent. Should the quan-tity of steel of any category vary by more than ten percent, then the contract unit price of that category may require adjustment. Changes to the character of the work or the mix of the work, at any time or changes to the quantity of the work after the work is approved for construction, may require a con tract price adjustment.

3.6.4 A suggested format for accommodating contract price adjustments is contained in Ap-pendix B.

3.7 Scheduling

3.7.1 The contract documents should specify the schedule for the performance of the work. This schedule should state when the approved-for-construction drawings will be issued and when the job site, foundations, cores, walls, piers and abutments will be ready, free from ob-structions and accessible to the erector, so that erection can start at the designated time and continue without interference or delay caused by the client or other trades.

3.7.2 The fabricator and/or erector has the responsibility to advise the client of the ef fect any revision may have on the contract schedule.

3.7.3 If the fabrication and erection schedule is signi� cantly delayed due to revisions, or for other reasons which are the client’s responsibility, the fabricator and erector shall be compen-sated for additional costs incurred. Changes to the scope of the work shall provide additional time to the schedule, if required.


4. Contract Documents

4.1 Tender Documents – Tender Drawings and Tender Speci� cations

4.1.1 At the time tenders are called, the steel fabricator shall receive a complete set of struc-tural drawings and a complete set of tender speci� cations. In order to ensure ade quate and com-plete tenders for Lump Sum Price Contracts1, these documents shall in clude complete struc-tural drawings, conforming to the requirements for design drawings of the governing technical standard. Structural steel speci� cations should in clude any special requirements controlling the fabrication and erection of the structural steel, surface preparation and coating, and should indicate the extent of non-destructive examination, if any, to be carried out.

4.1.2 Design drawings shall be drawn to a scale adequate to convey the required infor mation. The drawings shall show a complete design of the structure with members suit ably designated and located, including such dimensions and detailed description as necessary to permit the preparation of fabrication and erection documents. Floor levels, column centres, and offsets shall be dimensioned. The term “drawings” may include com puter output and other data. Stiff-eners and doubler plates required to maintain stability and which are an integral part of the main member shall be shown and dimensioned.

4.1.3 Design drawings shall designate the design standards used, shall show clearly the type or types of construction to be employed, shall show the category of the structural sys tem used for seismic design, and shall designate the material or product standards appli cable to the members and details depicted. Drawings shall give the governing combinations of shears, moments, pass-through forces, and axial forces to be resisted by the connections.

4.1.4. Where connections are not shown, the connections shall be assumed to be in ac cordance with the requirements of the governing technical standard (see Clause 1.3).

4.2 Architectural, Electrical and Mechanical Drawings

Architectural, elec trical and mechanical drawings may be used as a supplement to the structural drawing to de� ne detail con� gurations and construction information, provided all requirements for the structural steel are noted on the structural drawings.

4.3 Construction Drawings and Construction Speci� cations

4.3.1 At the time speci� ed in the tender documents or pre-award negotiations (if dif ferent), the client shall furnish the fabricator with a plot plan of the construction site, and a set of complete drawings and speci� cations approved for construction consistent with the tender drawings and tender speci� cations. These construction drawings and speci� cations are required by the fabri-cator for ordering the material and for the prepa ration and completion of fabrication and erec-tion documents. The approved-for-con struction drawings shall show:

all changes or revisions to the tender drawings, clearly indicated on the con-a) struction drawings;

the complete design of the structure with members suitably designated and lo cated, b) including such dimensions and detailed description as necessary to per mit prep-aration of the fabrication and erection documents. Floor levels, column centres, and offsets shall be dimensioned;

1 For other types of contracts, it is desirable for the contract documents to be as complete as possible.


all materials to be furnished by the fabricator, together with suf� cient informa tion c) to prepare fabrication and erection documents, including the design stan dards used, the type or types of construction to be employed, the category of the system used for seismic design, the applicable material or product standards, and the governing combinations of shears, moments and axial forces to be re sisted by connections.

The fabricator shall receive a complete set of the tender drawings and tender speci� ca tions.

4.4 Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel

In addition to the preceding requirements, all structural elements, or parts thereof, to be treated as Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel must be in accordance with the requirements of Appendix I and clearly shown on the structural drawings.

4.5 Digital Modelling

4.5.1 When a project utilizes digital project models to convey a substantive portion of the pro-ject information, Appendix J shall be used as a guide.

4.5.2 The owner of the digital model shall be responsible for the accuracy and maintenance of the digital model unless otherwise stated in the contract documents.

4.5.3 The contract documents shall clearly stipulate the party designated as the owner of the digital model.

5. Fabrication and Erection Documents

NOTE: The term “shop drawings”, frequently used in the construction industry, is re-placed in this Code of Standard Practice by the terms “fabrication and erection docu ments”. These terms more correctly describe the following � ve separate and distinct documents that may be prepared by a fabricator/erector. See also Clause 1.2 for de� nitions. Not all of these documents will be required for every project.

5.1 Erection Diagrams

Unless provided by the client, the fabricator will prepare erection diagrams from the approved construction drawings. In this regard, the fabrica tor may request reproducible copies of the structural drawings which may be altered for use as erection diagrams. When using repro-ducible copies of the structural drawings, the structural engineer’s name and seal shall be re-moved. Erection diagrams shall be submitted to the designer for review and approval. Erection diagrams are general ar rangement drawings showing the principal dimensions of the structure, piece marks, sizes of the members, size (diameter) and type of bolts, bolt installation require-ments, elevations of column bases, all necessary dimensions and details for setting anchor rods, and all other information necessary for the assembly of the structure. Only one repro ducible copy, or electronic � le, of each diagram will be submitted for review and approval unless a larger number of copies is required by the client as part of the tender documents.

5.2 Connection Design Details

Connection design details shall be prepared in advance of preparing shop details and submitted to the designer for con� rmation that the intent of the design is met. Connection design details shall provide details of stan dard and non-standard connections, and other data necessary for the


preparation of shop details. Connection design details shall be referenced to the design draw-ings, and/or erection drawings.

5.3 Shop Details

Unless provided by the client, shop details shall be prepared in advance of fabrication from the information on the approved construction drawings, the connection design details, and the erection diagrams. Shop details shall provide com plete information for the fabrication of various members and components of the struc ture, including the required material and product standards; the location, type, and size of all attachments, mechanical fasteners, and welds. When shop details are required to be submitted for review and approval, only one reproducible copy of each shop detail will be submitted, unless a larger number of copies is required by the client as part of the ten der speci� cations.

5.3.1 Shop Details Furnished by the ClientWhen the shop details are fur nished by the client, he shall deliver them in time to permit fabrication to proceed in an orderly manner according to the time schedule agreed upon. The client shall prepare these shop details, insofar as practicable, in accordance with the detailing standards of the fabricator. The client shall be responsible for the completeness and accuracy of shop details so prepared.

5.3.2 Clipped Double ConnectionsWhere two beams or girders, framing at right angles from opposite sides of a supporting mem-ber, share the same bolts, a clipped dou ble connection shall be used unless a seated connection or other detail is used to facili tate safe erection of the beams or girders. A clipped double con-nection is not applicable to a two-bolt connection or when the beams are equal to or deeper than half the depth of the girder. For a description of a clipped double connection, see Appendix A.

5.4 Erection Procedures

Erection procedures shall outline the construction methods, erection sequence, erection bracing, temporary bracing if required, and other engineering details necessary for shipping, erecting, and maintaining the stability of the steel frame. Erection procedures shall be supplemented by drawings and sketches to identify the location of stabilizing elements. Erection procedures shall be submitted for review when so speci� ed.

5.5 Field Work Details

Field work details shall be submitted to the designer for review and approval. Field work de-tails shall provide complete information for modify ing fabricated members on the job site. All operations required to modify the member shall be shown on the � eld work details. If extra materials are necessary to make modi� cations, shop details may be required.

5.6 Review and Approval

Erection diagrams, non-standard connection design details, shop details and � eld work details are normally submitted for review and ap proval. The fabricator includes a maximum allowance of fourteen (14) calendar days in his schedule for the return of all documents submitted for ap-proval. Approval, by the de signer, of shop details submitted by the fabricator indicates that the fabri cator has interpreted correctly the contract requirements. Approval by the designer of shop details submitted by the fabricator does not relieve the fabricator of the responsibil ity for accur-acy of the detail dimensions on shop details, nor of the general � t-up of parts to be assembled.


The preparation of fabrication and erection documents is governed by the following se quence of procedures.

Suf� cient information must be indicated in the construction drawings as stipu lated a) in Clause 4.3 of this Code to permit the completion of fabrication and erection documents.

The fabrication and erection documents are prepared by steel detailers us ing indus-b) try and company standards, and represent the fabricator’s interpre tation of intent of the contract documents, particularly as described by the construction drawings. Connection design details are reviewed by the fabrica tor’s technical staff prior to submission to the designer.

The connection design details, shop details, erection diagrams and � eld work de-c) tails are submitted to the designer for review and approval. Erection proce dures are submitted when so speci� ed.

It is assumed by the fabricator that the fabrication and erection documents, when d) approved, have been reviewed by the client for accuracy in the interpre tation of the contract requirements. Connection design details and shop details are reviewed and approved by the designer for structural adequacy and to en sure conformance with the loads, forces and special instructions contained in the contract documents.

Shop details are prepared from the approved connection design details and erec-e) tion diagrams.

If the client does not wish to review and approve the fabricator’s fabrication and erection documents, the basis for interpreting the contract requirements, as well as the ade quacy of con-nection details, is limited to the information contained in the structural steel speci� cations and shown on the structural drawings. This information shall be suf � cient, as indicated in Clause 4.3, to permit proper execution of the work. However, the Engineer of Record is ultimately responsible for the structural integrity of the structure and the connections.

5.7 Additions, Deletions or Changes

Additions, deletions or changes, when ap proved, will be considered as contract revisions and constitute the client’s authorization to release the additions, deletions or revisions for construc-tion. See also Clauses 3.3 and 3.6.

6. Material, Fabrication, Inspection, Painting and Delivery

6.1 Material

Materials used by the fabricator for structural use shall conform to structural steel material standards of the Canadian Standards Association, or the American Society for Testing and Ma-terials, or to other published material speci� ca tions, in accordance with the requirements of the construction drawings and construc tion speci� cations.

6.2 Identi� cation

6.2.1 The method of identi� cation stipulated in CAN/CSA-S16 shall form the basis for a fab-ricator’s identi� cation of material. Control and identi� cation procedures may dif fer to some extent from fabricator to fabricator.


6.3 Preparation of Material

6.3.1 Flame cutting of structural steel may be by hand or mechanically guided means.

6.3.2 Surfaces noted as “� nished” on the drawings are de� ned as having a roughness height rating not exceeding 500 (12.5 �m ) as de� ned in CSA Standard B95, Surface Tex ture (Rough-ness, Waviness and Lay), unless otherwise speci� ed. Any fabricating tech nique that produces such a � nish may be used.

6.4 Fitting and Fastening

6.4.1 Projecting elements of connection attachments need not be straightened in the con-necting plane if it can be demonstrated that installation of the connectors or � tting aids will provide adequate contact between faying surfaces.

6.4.2 When runoff tabs are used, the fabricator or erector need not remove them unless speci-� ed in the contract documents, required by the governing technical standard or the steel is exposed to view. When their removal is required, they may be hand � ame-cut close to the edge of the � nished member with no more � nishing required, unless other � nishing is speci� cally called for in the contract documents or governing technical stan dard.

6.5 Dimensional Tolerances

Tolerances on fabricated members shall be those prescribed in the applicable governing tech-nical standard. Tolerances on steel material supplied by the fabricator shall meet those pre-scribed in Canadian Standards Associa tion Standard G40.20.

6.6 Inspection of Steelwork

Should the client wish to have an independent in spection and non-destructive examination of the steelwork, he shall reserve the right to do so in the tender documents. Arrangements should be made with the fabricator for in spection of steelwork at the fabrication shop by the client’s inspectors. The cost of this in spection and testing is the responsibility of the client. Inspectors are to be appointed prior to start of fabrication, and the client is to advise the fabricator of the arrangement made.

6.7 Surface Preparation

If paint is speci� ed, the fabricator shall clean all steel surfaces to be painted of loose rust, loose mill scale, prominent spatter, slag or � ux de posit, oil, dirt and other foreign matter by wire brushing or other suitable means. Unless speci� ed, the fabricator shall not be obliged to blast-clean, pickle or perform any speci� c surface preparation operation aimed at total or near-total removal of tight mill scale, rust or non-deleterious matter.

6.8 Paint

When structural steel is speci� ed to receive a shop coat of paint, the fabri cator shall be re-sponsible only to the extent of performing the surface preparation and painting in the speci� ed manner. The painting requirements speci� ed in the tender doc uments for the shop coat should include the identi� cation of the members to be painted, surface preparation, paint speci� ca-tion, if applicable, the manufacturer’s product iden ti� cation, and the required minimum and maximum dry � lm thickness. Unless other wise agreed upon as part of the contract documents, the fabricator shall not be responsible for the deterioration of the paint that may result from exposure to the weather for more than ninety days after completion of the painting.


6.9 Marking and Shipping

6.9.1 Except for weathering steel surfaces exposed to view and for architecturally ex posed structural steel (AESS) (see also Appendix I), erection marks shall be painted or otherwise legi-bly marked on the mem bers. Preferably, members which are heavy enough to require special erection equipment shall be marked to indicate the computed or scale mass and the centre of gravity for lifting.

6.9.2 Bolts of the same length and diameter, and loose nuts and washers of each size shall be packaged separately. Pins, bolts, nuts, washers and other small parts shall be shipped in boxes, crates, kegs or barrels, none of which exceed 135 kg gross mass. A list and description of ma-terial contained therein shall be marked plainly on the outside of each container.

6.9.3 When requested by the erector, long girders shall be loaded and marked so that they will arrive at the job site in position for handling without turning. Instructions for such delivery shall be given to the carrying agency when required.

6.9.4 For each shipment, the fabricator shall furnish a shipping bill listing the items in the ship-ment. Such bill shall show the erection mark, the approximate length, the de scription (whether beam, column, angle, etc.) of each item. Such bill shall be signed by the receiver and returned to the fabricator within 48 hours of receipt of the shipment with a note regarding shortages or damages, if any, and the bill shall act as a receipt for the shipment. When the shipments are made by truck transport, the bills should accom pany the shipment. When shipments are made by rail or water, the bills shall be sent to the receiver to arrive on or before receipt of the ship-ment.

6.9.5 Unless otherwise speci� ed at time of tender, steel during shipment will not be covered by tarpaulins or otherwise protected. When such protection is speci� ed, the shipper is to notify the carrier of the protection requirements.

6.10 Delivery of Materials

6.10.1 Fabricated structural steel shall be delivered in a sequence which will permit the most ef� cient and economical performance of shop fabrication and erection. If the client contracts separately for delivery and erection, he must coordinate planning be tween the fabricator, erect-or and general contractor.

6.10.2 Anchor rods, washers and other anchorages, grillages, or materials to be built into ma-sonry or concrete should be shipped so that they will be on hand when needed. The client must give the fabricator suf� cient notice to permit fabrication and shipping of materials before they are needed.

6.10.3 The quantities of material shown by the shipping bill are customarily accepted by the client, fabricator and erector as correct. If any shortage or damage is claimed, the client or erector should, within 48 hours, notify the carrier and the fabricator in order that the claim may be investigated.

6.10.4 The size and mass of structural steel assemblies may be limited by the shop ca pabilities, the permissible mass and clearance dimensions of available transportation or government regu-lations and the job site conditions. The fabricator determines the num ber of � eld splices con-sistent with economy.


6.10.5 On supply-only contracts the unloading of steel is the responsibility of others. Unless stated otherwise, the unloading of steel is part of the steel erection.

7. Erection

7.1 Method of Erection

Unless otherwise speci� ed or agreed upon, erection shall proceed according to the most ef-� cient and economical method available to the erector on the basis of continuous operation consistent with the drawings and speci� cations.

7.1.1 Temporary BracingTemporary bracing of the steel frame shall only be re moved on instruction from the Engineer of Record.

7.2 Erection Safety

Erection shall be done in a safe manner and in accordance with applicable provincial legisla-tion.

7.3 Site Conditions

The client shall provide and maintain adequate, all-weather access roads cleared of snow and ice and other material that impedes entry into and through the site for the safe delivery of derricks, cranes, other necessary equipment, and the material to be erected. The client shall provide for the erector a � rm, properly graded, drained, convenient and adequate space and laydown area for steel of suf� cient load-carrying capacity at the site for the operation of erec-tion equipment and shall re move at the client’s cost all overhead obstructions such as power lines, telephone lines, etc., in order to provide a safe and adequate working area for erection of the steelwork. The erector shall provide and install the safety protection required for his own opera tions or for his work forces to meet the safety requirements of applicable Acts or Codes. The general contractor shall install protective covers to all protruding rebar, machinery, anchor rods, etc., which are a hazard to workers. Any protection for pedestrians, prop erty, other trades, etc., not essential to the steel erection activity is the responsibility of the client. When the structure does not occupy the full available site, the client shall pro vide adequate storage space to enable the fabricator and erector to operate at maximum practicable speed and ef� ciency. Cleaning of steelwork required because of site condi tions, mud, site worker traf� c, etc., shall not be to the fabricator’s/erector’s account.

7.4 Foundations

The tender speci� cations preferably shall specify the time that foundations will be ready, free from obstruction and accessible to the erector. Unless otherwise agreed upon, the work of erec-tion shall be tendered on the basis that it will start at the time designated in the tender speci� ca-tions without interference or delay caused by others. Neither the fabricator nor the erector shall be responsible for the accu rate location, strength and suitability of foundations.

7.5 Bearing Surfaces

Levelling plates shall be set by others true, level and to the correct elevation.


7.6 Building Lines and Bench Marks

The erector shall be provided with a plot plan accurately locating building lines and bench marks at the site of the structure.

7.7 Installation of Anchor Rods and Embedded Items

7.7.1 Anchor rods and foundation rods shall be set by the client in accordance with the erection diagrams. They must not vary from the dimensions shown on the erection dia grams by more than the following (see also Appendix D):

3 mm centre-to-centre of any two rods within an anchor rod group, where an an-a) chor rod group is de� ned as the set of anchor rods which receives a single fabri-cated steel shipping piece;

6 mm centre-to-centre of adjacent anchor rod groups; b)

Maximum accumulation of 6 mm per 30 000 mm along the established column c) line of multiple anchor rod groups, but not to exceed a total of 25 mm. The estab-lished column line is the actual � eld line most representative of the centres of the as-built anchor rod groups along a line of columns;

6 mm from the centre of any anchor rod group to the established column line d) through that group.

Shims: the � nished tops of all footings shall be at the speci� ed level which will not e) exceed the maximum speci� ed grouting allowance to predetermine the amount of shimming that will be required.

The tolerances of paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) also apply to offset dimensions, shown on the construction drawings, measured parallel and perpendicular to the nearest estab lished column line for individual columns shown on the drawings to be offset from estab lished column lines.

7.7.2 Unless shown otherwise, anchor rods shall be set perpendicular to the theoreti cal bearing surface, threads shall be protected, free of concrete, and nuts should run freely on the threads. Shear pockets shall be cleaned of debris, formwork, ice and snow by the client prior to steel erection.

7.7.3 Other embedded items or connection materials between the structural steel and the work of others shall be located and set by the client in accordance with approved erection diagrams. Accuracy of these items must satisfy the erection tolerance require ments of Clause 7.12.

7.7.4 All work performed by the client shall be completed so as not to delay or interfere with the erection of the structural steel.

7.8 Bearing Devices

The client shall set to lines and grades all levelling plates and loose bearing plates which can be handled without a derrick or crane. All other bear ing devices supporting structural steel shall be set and wedged, shimmed or adjusted with levelling screws by the erector to lines and grades established by the client. The fabricator and/or erector shall provide the wedges, shims or levelling screws that are re quired, and shall scribe clearly the bearing devices with working lines to facilitate proper alignment. Promptly after the setting of any bearing devices, the client


shall check lines and grades, and grout as required. The � nal location and proper grouting of bearing devices are the responsibility of the client.

When steel columns, girders or beams which will be supported on concrete or masonry have base plates or bearing plates fabricated as an integral part of the member, the bearing area of the support shall be suitably prepared by others so as to be at exact grade and level to receive the steelwork.

7.9 Examination by Erector

Prior to � eld erection, the erector shall do a random check to examine the work of all others on which his work is in any way dependent and shall report to the client any errors or discrepan-cies as discovered that may affect erec tion of structural steel before or during erection. The accurate placement and integrity of all anchor rods /embedment etc., remains the responsibility of the client.

7.10 Adjustable Shelf Angles and Sash Angles

The erector shall position at time of erection all adjustable shelf angles and sash angles attached to the steel frame true and level within the tolerances permitted by the governing technical stan-dard. Any subsequent adjustment that may be necessary to accommodate the work of others shall be performed by others.

7.11 Loose Lintels, Wall-Bearing Members and Other Pieces

Unless otherwise speci� ed, loose lintels, shelf angles, wall-bearing members and other pieces not attached to the structural steel frame shall be received and set by others.

7.12 Tolerances

Unless otherwise speci� ed, tolerances on erected structural steel shall be those prescribed in the applicable governing technical standard.

7.13 Checking Erected Steelwork

Prior to placing or applying any other materi als, the owner is responsible for determining that the location of the structural steel is acceptable for plumbness, level and alignment within toler-ances with bolts correctly in stalled and welds inspected. The erector is given timely notice of acceptance by the owner or a listing of speci� c items to be corrected in order to obtain accept-ance. Such no tice is rendered immediately upon completion of any part of the work and prior to the start of work by other trades that may be supported, attached or applied to the struc tural steelwork. Should such notice not be received within 14 days, the erected steel work is taken to have been accepted.

7.14 Removal of Bracing

7.14.1 Removal of Erection BracingGuys, braces and falsework or cribbing sup plied by the erector shall remain the property of the erector. The erector shall remove them when the steel structure is otherwise adequately braced unless other arrange ments are made. Guys and braces temporarily left in place under such other arrange ments shall be removed by others provided prior permission by the erector for their re-moval has been given, and returned to the erector in good condition. See Clause 7.14.2.


7.14.2 Removal of Temporary BracingTemporary bracing required by the de signer shall only be removed on instruction from the Engineer of Record.

7.15 Correction of Errors When Material Is Not Erected by the Fabricator

Correction of minor mis� ts and a moderate amount of cutting, welding, and reaming shall be considered a part of the erection; in the same manner as if the Fabricator were erecting the work. Any major rework required due to incorrect shop work shall be im mediately reported to the Fabricator, before rework commences. The Fabricator shall then either correct the error, resupply the item within a reasonable time period, or ap prove the method of correction includ-ing applicable costs, whichever is the most eco nomical.

7.16 Field Assembly

Unless otherwise speci� ed, the fabricator shall provide for suitable � eld connections that will, in his opinion, afford the greatest overall economy.

7.17 Accommodation of Other Trades

Neither the fabricator nor the erector shall cut, drill or otherwise alter the work of others or his own work to accommodate other trades unless such work is clearly de� ned in the tender draw-ings and tender speci � cations and unless detailed information is provided before the erection diagrams are approved. Any subsequent cutting, drilling or other alteration of the structural steel performed by the fabricator or the erector for the accommodation of other trades, shall be speci� cally agreed upon and authorized by the client before such work is commenced.

7.18 Temporary Floors and Access Stairs

Unless otherwise required by law, all temporary access stairs shall be provided by others, except for the � oor upon which erecting equipment is located. On this � oor the erector shall provide such temporary � ooring as he requires, moving his planking, etc., as the work progresses.

7.19 Touch-Up of Shop Paint

Unless so speci� ed, the fabricator/erector will not spot-paint � eld fasteners and � eld welds nor touch-up abrasions to the shop paint.

7.20 Final Painting

Unless so speci� ed, the fabricator/erector will not be responsi ble for cleaning the steel after erection in preparation for � eld painting, nor for any gen eral � eld painting that may be re-quired.

7.21 Final Cleanup

Except as provided in Clause 7.14, upon completion of erec tion and before � nal acceptance, the erector shall remove all falsework, rubbish and temporary building furnished by him.


APPENDIX A – Structural Steel in Buildings

10

1

5

2

3

4

4

6

7

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29

28

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(rai

sed

patte

rn o

r pl

ain)

, gra

ting,

con

nect

ed to

ste

el fr

ame

15.

Ger

ber

gird

er*

16.

Gird

ers

17.

Gir

ts18

. G

rilla

ge b

eam

s of

ste

el

19.

Hea

ders

or

trim

mer

s fo

r su

ppor

t of o

pen-

web

ste

el

jois

ts w

here

suc

h he

ader

s or

trim

mer

s fr

ame

into

st

ruct

ural

ste

el m

embe

rs

20.

Hol

low

str

uctu

ral s

ectio

n (H

SS

) co

lum

n


APPENDIX A – Structural Steel in Buildings (continued)

CLI

PPED

2-L

CO

NN

ECTI

ON

CLI

PPED

END

PLA

TEC

ON

NEC

TIO

N

80 80

80 to

120

typ

ical

Clip

ped

for e

rect

ion

9. C

LIPP

ED D

OU

BLE

C

ON

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N

Can

tile

ver s

egm

ent

Cap

pla

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ent

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ener

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up

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up

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15.

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ub

“Ger

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” Sys

tem

Dro

p-i

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anti

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35.

STU

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ER


APPENDIX B

Guideline for Unit Price Application for Changes

Unit rates shall apply on their own, only up until commencement of material order or shop 1. detail drawings, whichever is the earlier.

The following amounts, additional to the unit rate, shall be charged on additions at the vari-2. ous stages of the contract.

If the addition affects drawings (e.g. of support members) already in progress or a) complete, then the changes to such drawings or redetailing shall be charged extra at an agreed hourly rate.

If the addition requires additional work to material manufacture or erection (e.g. b) supporting members) in progress or complete, then such additional work shall be charged extra at an agreed hourly rate.

“Detail” or “Connection” materials added to existing or supporting members, c) whether due to an additional member or not, shall be charged on a cost-plus ba-sis.

If the timing of the addition causes the added material to be shipped as a part d) load, then transportation shall be charged extra at cost plus an agreed percent age markup.

The following amounts, additional to the unit rate, shall be charged for deletions at the vari-3. ous stages of the contract.

If the deleted material has been ordered or delivered and cannot be used else where, a) then a restocking charge shall be levied.

If the deleted member has been detailed or drawings are in progress, then the cost b) of such drawings shall be charged extra at an agreed hourly rate.

If the deletion affects drawings already completed or in progress, then the chan-c) ges to such drawings or the redetailing shall be charged extra at an agreed hourly rate.

If the deleted member has been manufactured or erected, or manufacture or erec-d) tion is in progress, then the cost of such manufacture or erection shall be charged extra at an agreed hourly rate.

If the deletion affects members already manufactured (e.g. supporting mem bers), e) then the changes to such members shall be charged extra at an agreed hourly rate.

If the deleted member has already been shipped, then no credit shall be given. f)

All unit rates shall be applied in accordance with the CISC Code of Standard Practice, 4. Clause 3.5.


Hourly Rates are as follows: 5.

Engineering Design – $ / labour hour a)

Detailing Labour – $ / labour hour b)

Shop Labour – $ / labour hour c)

Field Labour – $ / labour hour d)

Equipment used for revisions will be charged at negotiated rental rates, ac cording e) to Canadian Construction Association standard practice.

Revisions involving the use of grades of steel, sources of supply, or types of sections other 6. than speci� ed will be subject to price adjustments.

Units will be computed in accordance with Clause 3.5 of the CISC Code of Standard Prac-7. tice for Structural Steel.


APPENDIX C

A Suggested Format for Price-per-Unit Contracts

The following is a list of suggested categories for which unit prices could be tendered, such categories being selected or added to, depending upon the nature of the project.

For payment purposes, the connection material required to connect an individual mem ber to its supporting member is assumed to be part of the member to which it is attached for shipping purposes.

Structural SteelA.

Columns1.

Rolled Shapes a)

Up to and including 30 kg/m 1. 2. Over 30 — up to and including 60 kg/m 3. Over 60 — up to and including 90 kg/m 4. Over 90 — up to and including 150 kg/m 5. Over 150 kg/m

b) WWF or Plate Fabricated

1. Up to and including 90 kg/m 2. Over 90 — up to and including 150 kg/m 3. Over 150 kg/m

c) Hollow Structural Sections

1. Up to and including 30 kg/m 2. Over 30 — up to and including 60 kg/m 3. Over 60 — up to and including 90 kg/m 4. Over 90 — up to and including 150 kg/m 5. Over 150 kg/m

Beams2.

Rolled Shapes a)

Up to and including 30 kg/m 1. Over 30 — up to and including 60 kg/m 2. Over 60 — up to and including 90 kg/m 3. Over 90 — up to and including 150 kg/m 4. Over 150 kg/m 5.

WWF or Plate Fabricated b)

Up to and including 90 kg/m 1. Over 90 — up to and including 150 kg/m 2. Over 150 kg/m 3.

Stud Shear Connectors c)

___diam. ___mm long


Crane Rails3.

a) Rail Complete with Rail Clips

1. Up to and including 30 kg/m 2. Over 30 kg/m

b) Stops

c) Monorails

1. Straight 2. Curved

4.1 Trusses – Where Principal Members Are:

Tees, Angles or W-Shapes a)

Hollow Structural Sections b)

4.2 Open-Web Steel Joists

Bracing5.

Rolled Shapes a)

Up to and including 30 kg/m 1. Over 30 kg/m 2.



WT Sections c)


Purlins, Girts and Sag Rods6.

Rolled Shapes a)


Cold-Formed Sections b)

Up to and including 5.75 kg/m 1. Over 5.75 kg/m 2.

Hollow Structural Sections c)


Sag Rods d)

Framing7.

Wall and Roof Openings

Stair Stringers8.


Ladders9. (Galvanized or Painted)

Without safety cage a)

With safety cage b)

Utility Bridges10. (Plus Interior Framing)



Conveyor Galleries11.



Open Conveyor Trusses c)

Miscellaneous Platforms12. (Tees, Angles or W-Shapes)


Miscellaneous Steel & GratingB.

Grating1.

Floors a)

Galvanized 1. Painted 2.

Stair Landings b)

Galvanized 1. Painted 2.

Checkered Plate2. (6 mm Thick)

Steel – Galvanized a)

Steel – Painted b)

Stair Treads3. (Maximum 1000 mm Long)

Grating – Galvanized a)

Grating – Painted b)

Handrail4. (Without Kickplate)

Horizontal a)

Steel – Galvanized 1. Steel – Painted 2.

Sloping b)



Kickplate5.

Plate attached to handraila)

Steel – Galvanized 1. Steel – Painted2.

Banding – attached to grating b)


Mobilization and DemobilizationC.

Mobilization for erection and demobilization 1.

Unit Rates for Extra WorkD.

For extra engineering design __________ /hr. 1.

For extra detailing work __________ /hr. all inclusive (composite rate) 2.

For extra shop labour __________ /hr. all inclusive (composite rate) 3.

For extra fi eld erection __________ /hr. all inclusive (composite rate) 4.

Field labour work week __________ /hrs. per week 5.

NOTE: “All inclusive” shall mean all labour cost including overheads and pro� ts, and in the � eld all small tools (up to $1000 value).


APPENDIX D

Tolerances on Anchor Rod Placementn

n-1

65

43

21

± 6 mmmax. deviation

± 6 mmmax. deviation

± 3 mm

± 3

mm

± 6

mm

± 6

mm

max

. dev

iati

on

30 0

00 ±

6 m

mVa

ries

fro

m 0

to L

– 3

0 00

0 m

m

n =

tota

l nu

mb

er o

f co

lum

ns

L ±

25

mm

If column offsetfrom main column line

GRIDCL

GRI

DC L

ANCHOR RODSCL

AN

CH

OR

ROD

SC L


APPENDIX E

Conversion of SI Units to Imperial Units

When Imperial units are used in contract documents, unless otherwise stipulated, the SI units used in the CISC Code of Standard Practice for Structural Steel shall be re placed by the Imper-ial units shown, for the clause as noted.

Clause 3.5 (a). Unit Weight. The unit weight of steel is assumed to be 0.2833 pounds per cubic inch.

For other clauses, the standard conversion factors (for length, mass, etc.) stipulated in CISC Handbooks should be used.

Note: Imperial projects should be entirely in the imperial designation including shape sizes. Metric projects should be entirely in the SI designation, including shape sizes. Units should not be intermixed on the same project.


APPENDIX F

Miscellaneous Steel

Unless otherwise speci� ed in the tender documents, the following items are considered miscel-laneous steel of ferrous metal only, fabricated from 2.0 mm (14 ga.) and more of metal, includ-ing galvanizing, cadmium and chrome plating, but not stainless steel and cast iron items.

This list of items is to be read in conjunction with Clause 2.1 Structural Steel and Clause 2.3 Items Supplied by Others, and shall include all steel items not included in Clauses 2.1 and 2.3 unless speci� ed otherwise.

Access doors and frames –– except trade-name items and those required for servicing mechanical and electrical equipment.

Angles and channel frames for doors and wall openings –– drilling and tapping to be speci-� ed as being done by others.

Benches and brackets. Bollards, bumper posts and railsBolts –– only includes those bolts and anchors required for anchoring miscellaneous steel

supplied under this list. Burglar/security bars. Clothes line poles, custom-fabricated types only. Coat rods, custom-fabricated types only. Corner protection angles. Expansion joint angles, plates custom-fabricated, etc., including types made from steel, or

a combination of steel and non-ferrous metal. Fabricated convector frames and enclosures. Fabricated items where clearly detailed or speci� ed and made from 2.0 mm (14 ga.) and

heavier steel, except where included in another division. Fabricated steel framing for curtain walls and storefronts where not detailed on struc tural

drawings and not enclosed by architectural metal. Fabricated wire mesh and expanded metal partitions and screens. Fire escapes. Flag poles –– steel custom-fabricated. (Excluding hardware) (Custom-fabricated) Footscrapers, mud and foot grilles, including pans, but less drains. Frames, grating and plate covers for manholes, catch basins, sumps, trenches, hatches, pits,

etc., except cast iron, frames and covers and trade-name � oor and roof drains. Gates, grilles, grillwork and louvres, excluding baked enamel or when forming part of

mechanical system. Grating-type � oors and catwalks –– excluding those forming part of mechanical system. Handrails, balusters and any metal brackets attached to steel rail including plastic cover,

excluding steel handrails forming part of structural steel framing. Joist hangers, custom-fabricated types only. Joist strap anchors. Lintels, unless shown on structural drawings. Mat recess frames, custom-fabricated types only.


Mobile chalk and tackboard frames, custom-fabricated types only. Monorail beams of standard shapes, excluding trade-name items, unless shown on struc-

tural drawings. Shop drawings and/or erection diagrams. Shop preparation and/or priming. Sleeves if speci� ed, except for mechanical and electrical division. Stair nosings, custom-fabricated types only. Steel ladders and ladder rungs not forming part of structural steel or mechanical work. Steel stairs and landings not forming part of structural steel. Table and counter legs, frames and brackets, custom-fabricated types only. Thresholds and sills, custom-fabricated types only. Vanity and valance brackets, custom-fabricated types only. Weatherbars –– steel.

Miscellaneous Steel Items Excluded Bases and supports for mechanical and electrical equipment where detailed on me chanical

or electrical drawings. Bolts other than for anchoring items of miscellaneous steel. Cast iron frames and covers for manhole and catch basins. Chain link and woven wire mesh. Glulam connections and anchorages. Joist hangers, trade-name types. Metal cladding and covering, less than 2.0 mm (14 ga.). Precast concrete connections and anchorages in building structure. Reinforcing steel or mesh. Roof and � oor hatches when trade-name items. Sheet metal items, steel decking and siding and their attachments, closures, etc., less than

2.0 mm (14 ga.). Shoring under composite � oors and stub-girders. Steel reinforcement for architectural metal storefronts, curtainwalls and windows. Steel stacks. Stone anchors. Stud shear connectors when used with steel deck. Temporary bracing for other trades. Thimbles and breeching, also mechanical � re dampers. Window and area wells.

When miscellaneous steel fabricator erects miscellaneous steel, all material required for tem-porary and/or permanent connections of the component parts of the miscella neous steel shall be supplied.


APPENDIX G

A Suggested Format for a

Monthly Progress Payment Claim Form

MO

NT

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PR

OG

RE

SS

CL

AIM

FO

RM

FIR

M N

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E:

PR

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:

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OG

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IM N

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ITE

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NT

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PR

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AM

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PR

OG

RE

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C

LAIM

%

CO

MP

LET

E

1. E

NG

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& D

ETA

ILIN

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2. R

AW

MAT

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IALS

IN Y

AR

D

3. F

AB

RIC

ATIO

N

4. F

RE

IGH

T T

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ITE

5. E

RE

CT

ION

6. P

LUM

B /

BO

LT /

CLE

AN

UP

7. T

OTA

L G

RO

SS

AM

OU

NT

8. H

OLD

BA

CK

___

____

__%

9. N

ET

AM

OU

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10. G

ST

___

____

_% O

F L

INE

9

11. T

OTA

L A

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R(S

) TO

DAT

E:


APPENDIX H

Suggested Defi nitions for Progress Invoicing

and Substantial Performance

Progress Invoicing1.

The submission of erection diagrams and/or shop details will initiate progress in-a) voicing. Payments of invoices will be in accordance with the terms of the con-tract.

Any and all materials fabricated will initiate additional progress invoicing with b) payment as per contract.

Any and all materials shipped to the site and/or erected in place will initiate ad-c) ditional progress invoicing with payment as per contract.

Final invoicing will be made after all steel has been delivered to site, erected and d) all work completed.

Substantial completion is based on the completion of the WORK of the steel Fab-e) ricator or Erector, and therefore release of holdback will be 41 days (or as per applicable lien legislation) after issuance of the Certi� cate of Completion of this WORK.

Substantial Performance2.

The word “WORK” shall be de� ned as the product or services provided by the a) steel Fabricator or Erector.

Substantial performance and total performance shall be directly related to product b) or services provided by the steel Fabricator or Erector.

Certi� cation of completion by the owner’s representative applies to the WORK c) performed by the steel Fabricator or Erector.

Payment shall be governed by certi� ed completion of the WORK. d)


APPENDIX I

Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel (AESS)

I1. Scope and Requirements

I1.1 General Requirements. When members are speci� cally designated as “Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel’’ or “AESS’’ in the Contract Documents, the requirements in Sections 1 through 7 shall apply as modi� ed by this Appendix. AESS members or components shall be fabricated and erected with the care and dimensional tolerances that are stipulated in Sections 1.2 through 1.5.

I1.2 De� nition of Categories. Categories are listed in the AESS Matrix shown in Table I1 where each Category is represented by a set of Characteristics. The following Categories shall be used when referring to AESS:

AESS 1: Basic ElementsSuitable for “basic” elements which require enhanced workmanship.

AESS 2: Feature Elements Viewed at a Distance > 6 mSuitable for “feature” elements viewed at a distance greater than six metres. The process involves basically good fabrication practices with enhanced treatment of weld, connection and fabrication detail, tolerances for gaps, and copes.

AESS 3: Feature Elements Viewed at a Distance � 6 mSuitable for “feature” elements – where the designer is comfortable allowing the viewer to see the art of metalworking. Welds are generally smooth but visible; some grind marks are acceptable. Tolerances are tighter than normal standards. The structure is normally viewed closer than six metres and is fre-quently subject to touching by the public.

AESS 4: Showcase Elements Suitable for “showcase or dominant” elements – where the designer intends the form to be the only feature showing in an element. All welds are ground, and � lled edges are ground square and true. All surfaces are sanded/� lled. Tolerances of fabricated forms are more stringent – generally one-half of the standard tolerance. All surfaces are to be “glove” smooth.

AESS C: Custom Elements Suitable for elements which require a different set of Characteristics than speci� ed in Categories 1, 2, 3 or 4.

I1.3 Additional Information. The following additional information shall be provided in the Contract Documents when AESS is speci� ed:

Speci� c identi� cation of members or components that are AESS using the AESS a) Categories listed in I1.2. Refer to Table I1;


Fabrication and/or erection tolerances that are to be more restrictive than provided b) for in this Appendix;For Categories AESS 2, 3, 4 requirements, if any, of a visual sample or � rst-off c) component for inspection and acceptance standards prior to the start of fabrica-tion;For Category AESS C, the AESS Matrix included in Table I1 shall be used to speci-d) fy the required treatment of the element.

I2. Shop Detail, Arrangement and Erection Drawings

I2.1 Identi� cation. All members designated as AESS members are to be clearly identi� ed with a Category, either AESS 1, 2, 3, 4 or C, on all shop detail, arrangement and erection drawings.

I2.2 Variations. Any variations from the AESS Categories listed must be clearly noted. These variations could include machined surfaces, locally abraded surfaces, and forgings. In addi-tion:

If a distinction is to be made between different surfaces or parts of members, the a) transition line/plane must be clearly identi� ed/de� ned on the shop detail, arrange-ment and erection drawings;Tack welds, temporary braces and � xtures used in fabrication are to be indicated b) on shop drawings;All architecturally sensitive connection details will be submitted for approval by c) the Architect/Engineer prior to completion of shop detail drawings.

I3. Fabrication

I3.1 General Fabrication. The fabricator is to take special care in handling the steel to avoid marking or distorting the steel members.

All slings will be nylon-type or chains with softeners or wire rope with softeners. a) Care shall be taken to minimize damage to any shop paint or coating. b) If temporary braces or � xtures are required during fabrication or shipment, or to c) facilitate erection, care must be taken to avoid and/or repair any blemishes or un-sightly surfaces resulting from the use or removal of such temporary elements. Tack welds shall be ground smooth.d)

I3.2 Un� nished, Reused or Weathering Steel. Members fabricated of un� nished, reused or weathering steel that are to be AESS may still have erection marks, painted marks or other marks on surfaces in the completed structure. Special requirements shall be speci� ed as Cat-egory AESS C.

I3.3 Tolerances for Rolled Shapes. The permissible tolerances for depth, width, out-of- square, camber and sweep of rolled shapes shall be as speci� ed in CSA G40.20/21 and ASTM A6. The following exceptions apply:

For Categories AESS 3 and 4: the matching of abutting cross-sections shall be a) required;For Categories AESS 2, 3 and 4: the as-fabricated straightness tolerance of a mem-b) ber is one-half of the standard camber and sweep tolerance in CSA G40.20/21.


I3.4 Tolerances for Built-up Members. The tolerance on overall section dimensions of mem-bers made up of plates, bars and shapes by welding is limited to the accumulation of permis-sible tolerances of the component parts as provided by CSA W59 and ASTM A6. For Categor-ies AESS 2, 3 and 4, the as-fabricated straightness tolerance for the built-up member is one-half of the standard camber and sweep tolerances in CSA W59.

I3.5 Joints. For Categories AESS 3 and 4, all copes, miters and butt cuts in surfaces exposed to view are made with uniform gaps, if shown to be open joint, or in uniform contact if shown without gap.

I3.6 Surface Appearance. For Categories AESS 1, 2 and 3, the quality surface as delivered by the mills will be acceptable. For Category AESS 4, the steel surface imperfections should be � lled and sanded.

I3.7 Welds. For corrosive environments, all joints should be seal welded. In addition:

For Categories AESS 1, 2 and 3, a smooth uniform weld will be acceptable. For a) Category AESS 4, the weld will be contoured and blended.For Categories AESS 1, 2, 3 and 4, all weld spatter is to be avoided/removed where b) exposed to view.For Categories AESS 1 and 2, weld projection up to 2 mm is acceptable for butt c) and plug-welded joints. For Categories AESS 3 and 4, welds will be ground smooth/� lled.

I3.8 Weld Show-through. It is recognized that the degree of weld show-through, which is any visual indication of the presence of a weld or welds on the opposite surface from the viewer, is a function of weld size and material thickness.

For Categories AESS 1, 2 and 3, the members or components will be acceptable as a) produced. For Category AESS 4, the fabricator shall minimize the weld show-through.b)

I3.9 Surface Preparation for Painting. Unless otherwise speci� ed in the Contract Docu-ments, the Fabricator will clean AESS members to meet the requirement of SSPC-SP 6 “Com-mercial Blast Cleaning” (sandblast or shotblast). Prior to blast cleaning:

Any deposits of grease or oil are to be removed by solvent cleaning, SSPC-SP 1;a) Weld spatter, slivers and surface discontinuities are to be removed;b) Sharp edges resulting from � ame cutting, grinding and especially shearing are to c) be softened.

I3.10 Hollow Structural Sections (HSS) Seams

For Categories AESS 1 and 2, seams of hollow structural sections shall be accept-a) able as produced. For Category AESS 3, seams shall be oriented away from view or as indicated in b) the Contract Documents. For Category AESS 4, seams shall be treated so that they are not apparent.c)


I4. Delivery of Materials

I4.1 General Delivery. The Fabricator shall use special care to avoid bending, twisting or otherwise distorting the Structural Steel. All tie-downs on loads will be either nylon strap or chains with softeners to avoid damage to edges and surfaces of members.

I4.2 Standard of Acceptance. The standard for acceptance of delivered and erected members shall be equivalent to the standard employed at fabrication.

I5. Erection

I5.1 General Erection. The Erector shall use special care in unloading, handling and erecting the AESS to avoid marking or distorting the AESS. The Erector must plan and execute all oper-ations in a manner that allows the architectural appearance of the structure to be maintained.

All slings will be nylon-strap or chains with softeners. a) Care shall be taken to minimize damage to any shop paint or coating.b) If temporary braces or � xtures are required to facilitate erection, care must be taken c) to avoid and/or repair any blemishes or unsightly surfaces resulting from the use or removal of such temporary elements.Tack welds shall be ground smooth and holes shall be � lled with weld metal or d) body � ller and smoothed by grinding or � lling to the standards applicable to the shop fabrication of the materials. All backing bars shall be removed and ground smooth.e) All bolt heads in connections shall be on the same side, as speci� ed, and consistent f) from one connection to another.

I5.2 Erection Tolerances. Unless otherwise speci� ed in the Contract Documents, members and components are plumbed, leveled and aligned to a tolerance equal to that permitted for structural steel.

I5.3 Adjustable Connections. When more stringent tolerances are speci� cally required for erecting AESS, the Owner’s plans shall specify/allow adjustable connections between AESS and adjoining structural elements, in order to enable the Erector to adjust and/or specify the method for achieving the desired dimensions. Adjustment details proposed by the Erector shall be submitted to the Architect and Engineer for review.


TA

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ID 1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

C.1

C.2

C.3

C.4

C.5


TA

BL

E I1 -

AE

SS

Cate

go

ry M

atr

ix (

Co

nt’d

)

Not

es

Prio

r to

bla

st c

lean

ing,

any

dep

osits

of g

reas

e or

oil

are

to b

e re

mov

ed b

y so

lven

t cle

anin

g, S

SP

C-S

P 1

.

Rou

gh s

urfa

ces

are

to b

e de

burr

ed a

nd g

roun

d sm

ooth

. Sha

rp e

dges

res

ultin

g fr

om fl

ame

cutti

ng, g

rindi

ng a

nd e

spec

ially

she

arin

g ar

e to

be

softe

ned.

Inte

rmitt

ent

wel

ds a

re m

ade

cont

inuo

us,

eith

er w

ith a

dditi

onal

wel

ding

, ca

ulki

ng o

r bo

dy fi

ller.

For

cor

rosi

ve e

nviro

nmen

ts,

all j

oint

s sh

ould

be

seal

wel

ded.

Sea

ms

of

hollo

w s

truc

tura

l sec

tions

sha

ll be

acc

epta

ble

as p

rodu

ced.

All

bolt

head

s in

con

nect

ions

sha

ll be

on

the

sam

e si

de, a

s sp

ecifi

ed, a

nd c

onsi

sten

t fro

m o

ne c

onne

ctio

n to

ano

ther

.

Wel

d sp

atte

r, sl

iver

s an

d su

rfac

e di

scon

tinui

ties

are

to b

e re

mov

ed. W

eld

proj

ectio

n up

to 2

mm

is a

ccep

tabl

e fo

r bu

tt an

d pl

ug-w

elde

d jo

ints

.

Vis

ual s

ampl

es a

re e

ither

a 3

-D r

ende

ring,

a p

hysi

cal s

ampl

e, a

fi rs

t-of

f ins

pect

ion,

a s

cale

d m

ock-

up o

r a

full-

scal

e m

ock-

up, a

s sp

ecifi

ed in

Con

trac

t Doc

umen

ts.

The

se to

lera

nces

are

req

uire

d to

be

one-

half

of th

ose

of s

tand

ard

stru

ctur

al s

teel

as

spec

ifi ed

in C

SA

S16

.

Mem

bers

mar

ked

with

spe

cifi c

num

bers

dur

ing

the

fabr

icat

ion

and

erec

tion

proc

esse

s ar

e no

t to

be v

isib

le.

— All

mill

mar

ks a

re n

ot to

be

visi

ble

in th

e fi n

ishe

d pr

oduc

t.

Cau

lkin

g or

bod

y fi l

ler

is a

ccep

tabl

e.

Sea

ms

shal

l be

orie

nted

aw

ay fr

om v

iew

or

as in

dica

ted

in th

e C

ontr

act D

ocum

ents

.

The

mat

chin

g of

abu

tting

cro

ss-s

ectio

ns s

hall

be r

equi

red.

Thi

s ch

arac

teris

tic is

sim

ilar

to 2

.2 a

bove

. A

cle

ar d

ista

nce

of 3

mm

bet

wee

n ab

uttin

g m

embe

rs is

req

uire

d.

Hid

den

bolts

may

be

cons

ider

ed.

HS

S s

eam

s sh

all b

e tr

eate

d so

that

they

are

not

app

aren

t.

In a

dditi

on to

a c

onto

ured

and

ble

nded

app

eara

nce,

wel

ded

tran

sitio

ns b

etw

een

mem

bers

are

als

o re

quire

d to

be

cont

oure

d an

d bl

ende

d.

Ste

el s

urfa

ce im

perf

ectio

ns s

houl

d be

fi lle

d an

d sa

nded

.

The

bac

k fa

ce o

f a w

elde

d el

emen

t cau

sed

by th

e w

eldi

ng p

roce

ss c

an b

e m

inim

ized

by

hand

grin

ding

the

back

sid

e of

the

wel

d. T

he d

egre

e of

wel

d sh

ow-t

hrou

gh is

a

func

tion

of w

eld

size

and

mat

eria

l.

Add

ition

al c

hara

cter

istic

s m

ay b

e ad

ded

for

cust

om e

lem

ents

.

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4 C.


APPENDIX J

Digital Modelling

This Appendix is intended to facilitate the understanding and use of digital modelling technol-ogy in the design and construction of steel structures. No long-established standard of practice exists; therefore, it is the intent of this Appendix to provide guidance when its use is contem-plated.

J1. Digital Building Product ModelsWhen the contract documents indicate that a three-dimensional digital Building Product Mod-el (BPM – sometimes referred to as a Building Information Model (BIM)) replaces contract drawings and is to be used as the primary means of designing, representing, and exchanging structural steel data for the project, the provisions in this Appendix shall apply. In this case, all references to the Design Drawings in this Code shall instead apply to the Design Model, and all references to Fabrication (Shop Details – formerly Shop Drawings) and Erection Docu-ments in the Code shall instead apply to the Manufacturing Model. The CIS/2 Logical Product Model (LPM) shall be used as the Building Product Model for structural steel. The CIS/2 LPM for structural steel may exist solely as the project’s BPM or may be integrated into a multi-disciplinary BPM for projects adopting greater digital model design application. Refer to the Electronic Data Interchange Project Flowchart at the end of this Appendix to understand this interoperability. In the context of the structural discipline, the BIM is sometimes referred to as the SBIM (Structural Building Information Model).

If the primary means of project communication reverts from a model-based (electronic) sys-tem to a paper-based system, the requirements in this Code other than in this Appendix shall apply.

J2. De� nitions Building Product Model

A digital information structure of the objects making up a building or structure, capturing the form, function, behaviour and relations of the parts and assemblies within one or more building systems, such as architectural, structural and mechanical. The data in the model is created, manipulated (edited), evaluated, reviewed and presented using computer-based design, engineering and manufacturing appli-cations. Traditional two-dimensional drawings may be one of many reports generated by the Building Product Model.

CIS/2 (CIM Steel Integration Standards/ Version 2)

The speci� cation providing the Building Product Model for struc-tural steel and format for Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) among software applications dealing with steel design, analysis, and manu-facturing.


Logical Product Model (LPM)

The CIS/2 Building Product Model which supports the engineering of low-, medium-, and high-rise construction in domestic, institutional, commercial and industrial contexts. All elements of the structure are covered, including main and secondary framing and connections. The connections used can be of a variety of structural shape or element. The LPM addresses the exchange of data between structural steel software applications. It is meant to support a heterogeneous set of software applications over a broad portion of the steel information development conveyance life cycle. It is organized around the three different sub-models: the Analysis Model (data represented in structural analysis), the Design Model (data represented in frame design layout) and the Manufacturing Model (data represented in detailing for fabrication).

Data Management Conformance (DMC)

The capability of the CIS/2 BPM (or LPM) to include optional data entities for managing and tracking additions, deletions and modi� -cations to a model, including who made the change and when the change was made for all editing instances.

J3. Standards Where three-dimensional digital Building Product Model data is speci� ed for information con-veyance between the design and construction teams of a project, the CIM Steel Integration Standards Release 2: Second Edition P265: CIS/2.1: Volumes 1 through 4 shall be followed.

J4. Contract Documents In addition to the requirements in Clause 4, the following requirements shall apply to the De-sign Model.

J4.1 The Design Model shall:

Consist of Data Management Conformance Classes. a) Contain Analysis Model data so as to include load calculations as indicated in the b) Contract Speci� cations referencing jurisdictional codes. Include entities that fully de� ne each steel element, and the extent of detailing of c) each element, as would be recorded on an equivalent set of structural steel design drawings (see Clause 4.1.2). Include all steel elements (primary and secondary structural), as well as any other d) entities required for strength and stability of the completely erected structure. Govern over all other forms of information, including drawings, sketches, etc. e)

J4.2 The Owner shall designate an Administrator for the LPM, who shall:

Control the LPM by providing appropriate access privileges (read, write, etc.) to a) all relevant parties.Maintain the security of the LPM. b) Guard against data loss of the LPM.c)


Be responsible for updates and revisions to the LPM as they occur and archive all d) versions with appropriate annotations. Inform all involved parties regarding changes to the LPM. e)

NOTE: When a project is designed and constructed using EDI, it is imperative that an individual entity on the team be responsible for maintaining the LPM. This is to assume protection of data through proper back-up, storage and security and to provide coordination of the � ow of information to all team members when information is added to the model. Team members exchange information to revise the model with this Administrator. The Administrator will validate all changes to the LPM. This ensures proper tracking and control of revisions. The Administrator can be one of the design team members such as an Architect, Structural Engineer, or a separate entity on the design team serving this purpose who is well experienced with applicable (sophisticated) software. The Administrator can also be the Fabricator’s Detailer or a separate entity on the construction team serving this purpose. Currently, numerous � rms within the Detailer Industry in Canada are well versed in this model management and information protocol for steel-framed structures.

J5. Fabrication and Erection Documents In addition to the requirements in Clause 5, the following requirements shall apply:

When the Design Model is used to develop the Manufacturing Model, the Fabricator shall ac-cept the information under the following conditions:

When the design information is to be conveyed to the Fabricator by way of the De-a) sign Model, in the event of a con� ict between the model and any Design Drawings, the Design Model will govern. The ownership of the information added to the LPM in the Manufacturing Model b) should be de� ned in the Contract Documents. In the absence of terms for owner-ship regarding the information added by the Fabricator to the LPM in the Contract Documents, the ownership will belong to the Fabricator, dependent on which party provided the expertise for the information to be incorporated to the LPM. See Note below. During the development of the Manufacturing Model, as member locations are c) adjusted to convert the modelled parts from a Design Model, these relocations will only be done with approval of the Designer. The Fabricator and Erector shall accept the use of the LPM and Design Model d) under the same conditions as set forth in Clause 4.3.1, except as modi� ed in J5. When approval of the detailed material is to be done by using the Manufacturing e) Model, the version of the submitted model shall be identi� ed. Comments attached to the individual elements as speci� ed in the CIS/2 Standard shall be used to anno-tate the Manufacturing Model. The Fabricator will issue the revised Manufacturing Model for review, and the version of the model submitted will be tracked as previ-ously de� ned.

NOTE: Approval of the Manufacturing Model by the Designer can replace the approval of actual Fabrication and Erection Documents. For this method to be effective, a system must be in place to record review, approval, correction and � nal release of the


Manufacturing Model for fabrication of structural steel. The versions of the model must be tracked with review comments and approvals permanently attached to the versions of the model to the same extent as such data is maintained with conventional hard copy approvals. The CIS/2 Standard provides this level of tracking.


Elec

tron

ic D

ata

Inte

rcha

nge

Proj

ect F

low

char

tD

esi

gn

De

velo

pm

ent

Ana

lysi

sM

od

el

Tend

er

Pre

pa

ratio

n

De

sig

nM

od

el

Op

en B

id

Tend

er

Resp

onse

Ne

go

tiatio

n

Qua

ntit

y Ta

ke-o

ff&

Pric

ing

De

sig

n

Dra

win

gs

Co

ntra

ct

Aw

ard

Stru

ctu

ral

Co

mp

letio

n

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

Info

rma

tion S

yste

ms

De

tailin

g

Ele

ctro

nic

Ap

pro

vals

Ma

nufa

ctu

ring

Mo

de

l (LP

M)

Fab

rica

tion

Fie

ldIn

form

atio

n

Auto

ma

ted

Equip

me

nt

Ere

ctio

n

Co

mp

letio

n

Co

nst

ruc

tion

Co

ord

ina

tion

Arc

hiv

ing

Ma

inte

na

nc

e &

Up

gra

de

s

De

sig

nBP

M

Opt

iona

l

Engineering

Arch. & Eng.

Specifications

Estimating

Material Order

DMC

CNC Data

3D at Site

Record Files

Leg

end

:

CIS

/2BP

M =

SBI

MRe

po

rt

BPM

BPM

BPM

BPM

BPM

BPM

BPM

ISBN 978-0-88811-123-4

CISCCode of

StandardPractice