coe: who we are we are a us center for excellence directed to educate, train, research and assist in...
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COE: Who we are
We are a US Center for Excellence directed to educate, train, research and assist in disaster management and humanitarian assistance operations:
Department of Defense organization
Direct Reporting Unit to U.S. Pacific Command and geographic Combatant Commands
Established in 1994
Government Funded:
· Ability to accept interdepartmental and international contributions
· Partner with inter-agencies and DoD components
· Partner with foundations, institutes, universities, and corporations
Establishing field offices at each U.S. Regional Combatant Command
Staff: ~ 42 staff, augmented with consultants2
COE Mission
Educate, train, conduct research and assist in international disaster preparedness, disaster mitigation, disaster management, disaster response, health security, humanitarian assistance and societal resiliency.
COE Vision
A community of nations prepared to respond, collaborate, and manage natural and man-made disasters.
Nations with disaster management plans, prepared to respond to plausible contingencies, and willing to participate in a regional collaborative framework.
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U.S Military Responses to Situations, 1990-2002U.S Military Responses to Situations, 1990-2002
Evac’sEvac’s Peace/ReliefPeace/Relief Contingency PositioningContingency Positioning Show of ForceShow of Force CombatCombat
Threats and ChallengesCOE’s Perspective
•Poverty•Ethnic Tensions•Natural Disasters•Terrorism•Conflict•Disfunctional Societies
•Poverty•Ethnic Tensions•Natural Disasters•Terrorism•Conflict•Disfunctional Societies
Natural DisasterNatural Disaster
Historical DM/HA
China, Sichuan Province, May 2008, 68,000 dead Honshu Japan
Earthquake, July 2008
Central Java Earthquake 2006, 6,000 dead
Earthquake Feb 2008, Simeulue, Indonesia
2005, Sumatra, Indonesia
Indian Ocean, TsunamiDec 2004
230,000 dead
2001: Cyclone Worst Flooding in 50 years2004: Cyclone Wholetowns destroyed
Samoa
2007: Cyclone affected 145.0002002: Earthquake
Papua New Guinea
Burma, Cyclone NargisMay 2008, 121,000 dead
Bangladesh, Cyclone SidrNovember 2007
3,000 dead
2002: Cycloneaffected 2,000
Micronesia
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PhilippinesJune 2008: Typhoon
Fengshen,2004, 2006 Mudslides Luzon
2004 Flood Luzon
Earthquake
Tsunami
Volcano
Cyclone
Other Natural Disaster
“Rin
g of
Fire
”
“Ring of Fire”
Oct. 2005: Earthquake73,000 dead (Pakistan)1,400 dead (India)
India/Pakistan
Indonesian Volcano Soputan, Nov 2007
Solomon Islands 2007Tsunami, affected 9,000
Forecast for DM/HA
Natural Disaster • Flooding – annual occurrence (2 Major events annually)• Earthquake – 2 major events every 5 years
MED, PI, HIV/AIDS
• Increasing AIDS cases - PNG, IN, ID, PRC
Cyclonic Storms – annual occurrence(10 major events annually)
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COE Disaster Risk Assessment & Research
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Disaster PreparednessDisaster Preparedness
Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment
Assist inAssist inDisaster ForecastingDisaster Forecasting
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NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT CAPACITY
Yap
Operational Capacity
Developing Capacity
Limited Capacity
Criteria•Coherent plans for Disaster Management•Rehearsal and exercises for plans•Capable of Information management•Capable of effective Interagency collaboration
Russia
Fiji
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• How Prepared Do We Need to Be – (Not if – but when)
Scenarios – Most likely, moderateMeasures Capacity & Capability Test Preparedness Promotes Understanding: when an event will exceed
capabilities
• How prepared are we
To Coordinate – To Communicate – To C2 Roles – Responsibilities
Within – Between Levels of Government Public – Private - Community Response –
Recovery and Revitalization
HA/DR Preparedness/Response Observations
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• How prepared are we (Cont)
Coordinate With External Support: UN – NGO – International
Communicate: Focus (Now-Where are we?)Requirements (Next-Where are we going?)Template of Response & Recovery efforts Method to guide Recovery Redevelopment
sequencingResults: Protracted Recovery - Limited Revitalization
• Not just what you do but how you do it
HA/DR Preparedness/Response Observations
Strong and stable families
Socially responsible, sporting Individuals
Inspired & committed youth
Disaster MitigationDisaster Mitigation Humanitarian Assistance & Resiliency
Humanitarian Assistance & Resiliency
Functional Concepts
Strategic Outcomes
Supporting Concept
Foster Resilient Societies
Disaster Management
Disaster Management
Response, Recovery & Transition
Response, Recovery & Transition
Human dignity upheld
RevitalizationRevitalization
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MethodDesignFrameBuild
Safe and durable society
Enabling Functions:
• Interagency Coordination
• Civil-Military Coordination
National HA/DR Design
Show up early or don’t bother coming
Need
for
Assis
tan
ce
Emergency Relief Phase
Transition
Point
Recovery / Development
Disaster
International Civilian Relief
International Military and
Civil Defence Relief
Local / National Response
UN
OC
HA
, Mod
ified
Social Resiliency: Characteristics of Success
RevitalizationRevitalizationResistanceResistance RecoveryRecovery
PredictPredict
AnticipateAnticipate
AbsorbAbsorb
RespondRespond
ImproviseImprovise
InnovateInnovate
RecoverRecover
Level of functioning
Time
threshold
resistance
Goal
Level of functioning
Time
Level of functioning
Time
“Revive, not just Restore.”
Sources: “Disasters and Communities: understanding social resilience”, Australian Journal of Emergency Management; ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability, http://www.iclei.org
Goal Goal
Disaster thresholdDisaster threshold
Front End Assessment
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Emergency
Response
Emergency
Response
HAZARDEVENT
HAZARDEVENT
RecoveryRecovery RevitalizationRevitalization
Gap Analysis =Gap Analysis =
PrivateSector Capacity
On-HadStores and
supply stores
NGO’s
CommunitySystems
Functioning
EmergencyResponseCapacity
CriticalServices
IncidentManagement
Capacity
CommunityGrids
Displacedand Homeless
InfrastructureCapacity
ExternalSupplies and
ServicesRequired
ExternalDistribution
CapacityRequired
Response Capability and Capacity
Response Capability and Capacity
TimeTime
Understand the Characteristics and Hierarchy of Societal Development
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ResistResist
Nurturing ServicesNurturing Services
DisruptionDisruption
SubsistenceSubsistence
ProtectionProtection
CommunityCommunity
LearningLearning
CreativityCreativity
RespondRespond
Critical ServicesCritical Services
RecoverRecover
Essential ServicesEssential Services
RevitalizeRevitalize
Promoting ServicesPromoting Services
IdentityIdentity
LibertyLiberty
Shelter Water Food Clothing
Affected State
Nat’l Red Cross/
Red Crescent
UN County Team
NGOs
Nat’l NGOs
Affected State
Agencies
Disaster Strikes
Donor
NGO
NGO
NGO
NGO
NGO
NGO
Donor
Donor
Donor
Military
Forces
“Fog of Relief”
NGO
NGO
NGO
Know the HA/DR framework
Disaster Response: Coordination Mechanisms
GovernmentCoordination Mechanism
GovernmentCoordination Mechanism
ClustersCoordination
ClustersCoordination
International/Regional
International/Regional
Messages &
Outcomes
Messages &
Outcomes
Int’l / Regional
Coordination Mechanism
Int’l / Regional
Coordination Mechanism
Early Recovery
Early Recovery Emergency
ShelterEmergency
Shelter
HealthHealth
Emergency Telecommu
nications
Emergency Telecommu
nications
LogisticsLogisticsNutritionNutrition
ProtectionProtection
Camp Coordination & Management
Camp Coordination & Management
Know the framework.
Affected StateNat’l Red Cross/
Red Crescent
UN County Team
NGOs
Nat’l NGOs
Affected StateAgencies
Disaster Strikes
Donor
NGO
NGO
NGO
NGO
NGO
NGO
Donor
Donor
Donor
“Fog of Relief”
NGO
NGO
NGO
Private/Public
Water, Sanitation
and Hygiene
Water, Sanitation
and Hygiene
Do No HarmDo No Harm
Community/Village
State/Province
UN/NGOs
Roles & Responsibilities
GovernmentResponse
GovernmentResponse
Coordination & Integration: Preparedness and Support
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Regional
State/Province
County/District
First Responders
Community
Family
OC
EOC
OC
EOCEOCEOC
OC
OCOC
EOC
OCOC
OC
EOC
OCOCOC OC
OCOCOCOCOC
National/Federal
Regional Organizations
International Organizations
Regional Assistance
International Assistance
Requests for assistance
Assistance Provided
• Subject Matter Experts
• Resources• Equipment• Facilities• Training• Communications
Funding
OC
International Military/Bilateral
International Military/Bilateral
Overarching International HA/DR Principles
“Affected State” is a sovereign nation responsible for:
– Care of all persons within its territory
– Coordination, implementation & monitoring all DR
assistance
– Request of international disaster relief
Know the HA/DR Framework
Coordination Guidelines & Mechanisms: International:
Oslo Guidelines New Humanitarian Architecture (Cluster Approach)
Regional: APC MADRO ARF Strategic Guidance for HA/DR ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency
Response (AADMER) MNF-SOP (Multi-National Forces)
National: Int’l Disaster Response Laws (IDRL) - Int’l Federation of the Red
Cross (IFRC) Regional Actors involved in Initiatives (Asia-Pacific):
ASEAN SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) PIF (Pacific Islands Forum) / SOPAC (Pacific Islands Applied
Geoscience Commission)
Assisting States/Orgs to coordinate DRO w/ Affected State
Assisting States and their personnel shall abide by the domestic laws
• Assisting States self-fund their disaster relief assistance
• Assisting States provide disaster relief without seeking:
- To further a political or religious standpoint
- To Intervene in the internal affairs
- Gain a commercial advantage
- Gather sensitive political, economic, or military information
Overarching International HA/DR Principles
The Principle of Do No Harm:
Not all aid is good aid:
Improperly delivered aid can divide communities and fuel
conflicts
Improperly delivered aid can force displacement of populations
Improperly monitored aid can build cultures of dependency
Humanitarian aid
Provides for basic human needs
Lays the foundation for recovery and development
Overarching International HA/DR Principles
Humanitarian relief is provide using these Humanitarian Principles:
Humanity - Human suffering is addressed where it is found
Neutrality - Assistance is provided without taking sides
Impartiality - Assistance is provided on the basis of need
Overarching International HA/DR Principles
Affected Populations (Community-level)RefugeesRefugees Internally Displaced Internally Displaced
Persons - IDPsPersons - IDPs
““any personany person who…” who…” ““persons persons … who…”… who…”
Fled homes because of Fled homes because of persecution persecution because of because of race, religion, race, religion, nationality, political nationality, political opinion, membership is a opinion, membership is a social group…social group…
Fled homes because of Fled homes because of armed conflict, violence, armed conflict, violence, violations of human violations of human rights, or natural or rights, or natural or human-made disasters…human-made disasters…
Are Are outsideoutside of their home of their home country…country…
Are Are insideinside their home their home country…country…
Protected by the Protected by the international communityinternational community
Protected by their own Protected by their own governmentgovernment
Right against Right against refoulementrefoulement At least same rights as At least same rights as other citizens…other citizens…
Voluntary return, Voluntary return, integration, resettlement to integration, resettlement to a 3a 3rdrd country. country.
Voluntary return, Voluntary return, integration, relocation integration, relocation within their country.within their country.
Linking in International HA/DR Response
CrisisAssessment
CrisisAssessment
Affected Region• Infrastructure• Population• Stability - Political - Economic - Social - Security
Affected Region• Infrastructure• Population• Stability - Political - Economic - Social - Security
Disaster RegionDisaster Region
National ResponseNational
Response
National Enduring Interests
National Enduring Interests
NationalStrategyNationalStrategy
MessagesMessagesCapabilityCapacityCapabilityCapacity ActivitiesActivities
Long Term Development Effort
Gap Analysis
Identify
OutcomesOutcomesOutcomesOutcomesOutcomesOutcomes
What Happened?
Policy LimitationsHow Resilient Are They?
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RecoveryRecovery
Resilient Nation Framework
MitigationMitigation ResponseResponse Revitalization
Revitalization
Rule of LawRule of Law
ParticipationParticipation
Financial SectorFinancial Sector
Trade &Investment
Trade &Investment
TransportationTransportation
EnergyEnergy EducationEducation
HealthHealth MilitaryMilitary
PolicePolice
PreparationPreparation
Phases
EconomyEconomy Social Structure/Systems
Social Structure/Systems Security/DefenseSecurity/DefenseGovernanceGovernance InfrastructureInfrastructure
Strategic Outcomes
Effective and Responsible Governance
Effective and Responsible Governance
Sustainable & Broad-based
Growth
Sustainable & Broad-based
Growth
Effective Support of Social Capacity
Effective Support of Social Capacity
Strengthened Vibrant SocietyStrengthened
Vibrant SocietyRobust Defense & Law EnforcementRobust Defense & Law Enforcement
RecoveryRecovery
Resilient Community Framework
MitigationMitigation ResponseResponse Revitalization
Revitalization
HumanitarianAssistance
HumanitarianAssistance
Public HealthPublic Health
EducationEducation
Communication& Information
Communication& Information
EconomyEconomy
SustainableDevelopmentSustainable
Development Social ParitySocial Parity
Cultures, attitudes& motivations
Cultures, attitudes& motivations
LeadershipLeadership
SecuritySecurity
PreparationPreparation
Phases
Develop Intellectual Capital
Develop Intellectual Capital
Create Social Cohesion
Create Social Cohesion
Foster Good GovernanceFoster Good Governance
Enhance Societal Capacity
Enhance Societal Capacity
Enhance Resource Independence
Enhance Resource Independence
Strategic Outcomes
Safe and durable society
Safe and durable society
Socially responsible,
sporting individuals
Socially responsible,
sporting individuals
Strong and stable families
Strong and stable families
Human dignity upheld
Human dignity upheld
Inspired and committed youth
Inspired and committed youth
Village COP
Animalhusbandry
Terracingof crops
Bridge tocapital city
Local placeof worship
Earthendam
Water storagetanks
Communityhall
Policestation
Enclosedlatrines
Health clinic School
Community bank
Bridge toother markets
Research/ Demonstration
nursery
Seed bank
Fish farm
Granary
Reforestation
Borehole well
Marketplace
Early warningsirens
Early warning tower
Women’sco-op center
Cellulartower
Resilient Village Concepts
Societal Capacity(Public health, infrastructure, disaster preparedness, response)
Intellectual Capital(Education, communication, information, research, innovation)
Resource Independence(Economy, resource management, sustainable livelihoods)
Social Cohesion(Gender parity, social protection, community involvement)
Good Governance(Leadership, integration, policy & planning)
Assessment
Assessment
Assessment
Assessment
Assessment
Recycling center
Planning Coordination
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What is requiredfor landing
rights?
When should we respond?0
What fees are Involved?
What are the fuelarrangements and needs?
What are the customs
requirements?
What are the considerations
regarding weapons?
With whomare
we working?
When should we
transition?
Status of ForcesAgreement?
Contracting?
Int’l Military Activity
Int’l Military Activity
Host Nation
Activity
International
Military
Activity
Host Nation Response &
Recovery Effort
Host Nation Response &
Recovery Effort
Host Nation
Activity
Disaster Response Framework
EffectEffect
EffectEffect
EffectEffect
EffectEffect
EffectEffect
EffectEffect
Foster Resilient Societies
Foster Resilient Societies
Host Nation
Activity
International
Military
Activity
International
Military
Activity
Year 1 Year 10 or longer
Response RevitalizationRecover
Civilian Humanitarian Responders - NGOs
Not an agencies of a government or UN;
Private humanitarian organizations established by individual charters;
Diverse in size, organization, motive, resources, function and mission;
Funded by grants or private donations;
National or international;
Essential to humanitarian operations:
Implementing partners for UN and donor government projects
First responders to arrive, last to leave
Primary “on-the-ground” humanitarian actors
Civilian agencies’ view on military HA/DR assistance
Varies greatly amongst agencies:
Positive views:
Militaries bring needed logistics & material in the emergency phase.
Militaries bring in needed manpower in the emergency phase.
Militaries fill HA/DR gaps during the emergency phase.
Militaries help provide security.
Militaries help coordinate response activities.
Negative views & concerns:
Concern over politicization / militarization of aid;
Militaries lack expertise in HADR operations.
Lack of proper transition / military HADR operations not sustainable.
Military HA/DR operations blur the lines of distinction, lessening staff / beneficiary security.
Militaries take over operations, ordering aid agencies.
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Societal Structure
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Families
Community
First Responders
County/District
State/Provincial
Regional
National/Federal
Families
Community
First Responders
County/District
State/Provincial
Regional
Coordination & Integration: Preparedness and Support
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OC
OC
EOCEOC
OCOC OCOC
EOCEOC
CW CWCWCWCW CW
National/Federal
Regional Organizations
International Organizations
Regional Assistance
International Assistance
RequestAssistance
Provide Assistance
•Subject Matter Experts•Resources•Equipment•Facilities•Training•Communications
Funding
CCCCCCCCCC CC
Family
Community
First Responders
County/District
State/Provincial
Regional
Preparedness: Seams, gaps & capacities
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National/Federal
Gaps
Gaps
Gaps
Seams
Seams
F FF F F
SESW
NW NE
IA ME ND
CA CO CT DE FL GA ID IL IN MD MA OH
OK
AL AZ ARKS KY LA NM NY NC NJ
MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH OR PA RI SC
SD TN TX UT VT VA WAWV WIWY
D
D
DC
D
C
D
D
C
C C
DC
CC
C
F
FF
F
FFFF F F
FF F
F FF
F
FFF
F F
F
F F
Sheriff St. Police
Hwy Patrol
City FireState Fire
Co. Fire
City Fire
State Fire Co. FireSheriff
St. Police
Hwy PatrolHwy Patrol
Sheriff
St. Police
Paramedics
City Fire
State Fire
Co. Fire ParamedicsParamedics
churches
energyschools
hospitals
storesbusiness
restaurants
doctors
supplies
churchesenergy
schools hospitalsstores
business
restaurants
doctors
supplies
churchesenergy schools
hospitals
storesbusiness
restaurants
doctorssupplies
Seams
Discussion
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