coffee in india · pdf fileconsumption –142 mln. bags in 2012-13 ( 85.2 lakh mt ) 30%...

Potential of Geospatial Technologies for Indian Coffee Plantation Sector

Dr.Y.Raghuramulu

Joint Director (Research)

Central Coffee Research Institutenrs

c/ISRO

Second largest traded commodity after petroleum

Produce of developing countries that is largely consumed in developed countries

Global Production – 144.4 mln. bags in 2012-13 ( 87 lakh MT )

Consumption – 142 mln. bags in 2012-13 ( 85.2 lakh MT )

30% produce consumed within the producing countries

Employs about 100 million including 26 million small growers

Major coffee producers:

Brazil

35%

Vietnam

15%

Indonesia

7.6%

Columbia

5.6%

Ethiopia

4.5%

Honduras

3.7% India

4%

Global Coffee Scenario

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India’s share in Global coffee - 2012

‣ Area : 2 %

‣ Production : 4 %

‣ Productivity : Arabica - 5th

Robusta – 3rd

: Volume: 5.17% (5th position)

‣ Exports (2012)

: Value: 4.35 % (US$ 0.93 bln./Rs.4726 Cr.)

‣ Consumption : 1.35%

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Introduction of seven seeds by the holy saint Bababudan during 1600AD

Commercial cultivation by British entrepreneurs in South India during 1820s

Production reaching 30,000MT by 1870s

Outbreak of major diseases & pests during the same time

Initiation of organized research in 1925

Setting up of Coffee Board in 1942nrsc/I

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• Area - 4,09,690 Ha• No. of Holdings - 2,80,241• Production - 3,18,200 MT• Productivity - 852 kg/ha• Exports - 3,07,333 MT• Export earnings - US$ 891 million (Rs 4685 Cr)• Value added coffee - 30% of total exports• 81 Licensed curing works• 312 registered exporters• 2 million employed• 2000 branded Cafes

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Indian Coffee – Facts (2012-13)

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Major Varieties

Arabica - mild coffee with more aroma and fetches higher market value compared to Robusta beans.

Robusta - has more strength in the cup and used in making various blends.

Arabica is grown in higher altitudes than Robusta.

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A View of Coffee Growing Hills

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Arabica Estate

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Robusta Estate

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Coffee Regions

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Area & Production

Coffee area (ha) Production (MT)

Karnataka56%

Kerala21%

Tamilnadu8%

NTAs 14%

NE Region1%

Karnataka72%

Kerala20%

Tamilnadu6%

NTAs 2.1%

NE Region0.1%

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Coffee Board

• A statutory organization established under the Coffee Act VII of 1942 under the administrative control of the Ministry of Commerce, Government of India

• Major functions

– Research

– Extension

– Development support

– Coffee Promotion – export & domestic markets

– Market Research

– Export Licensing


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Remote sensing applications in coffee

• Inventory of coffee growing area

– For effective formulation & implementation of development programmes & crop estimation

• Management Information system

– To monitor the programmes of the Board

• Weather forecasting

– Summer showers are critical for blossom, fruit set & retention in coffee – recent years erratic showers


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Coffee area estimation – earlier efforts

• Lack of reliable data on coffee area

• Census during 1974-75

• Revision of data upto 1994 based on CRC & TP3 during pool market era

• After liberalization, the requirement of CRC is not mandatory – hence difficult to get correct data on area


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• Board tried remote sensing method for area estimation in collaboration with ISRO & KSRSAC

– During 1996 in Koppa taluk of Chikmagalur (LISS-II)

– During 2001 – in one zone each of Karnataka, Kerala & TN (LISS-III)

– During 2010 – in Saklespur taluk (LISS-IV)

• Large variation in the area identified by remote sensing vs. revenue data


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o To prepare an inventory of existing coffee plantations

o To develop basic Management Information System (MIS) for

spatial visualization, querying and report generation

Inventory of coffee plantations using geo-spatial techniques:

Pilot study in traditional coffee growing regions of India

Study AreaKARNATAKA

1. Chikmagalur Arabica coffee under mixed shade in majority

2. Mudigere Arabica and Robusta in a 55:45 proportion

3. Belur Arabica and Robusta in a 50:50 proportion

4. Virajpet Robusta under mixed/mono shade in majority

KERALA

5. Vayittiri Robusta under mixed/mono shade in majority

TAMIL NADU

6. Yercaud only Arabica under mono shade

Objectives


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STATUS OF COFFEE PROJECT

• Generation of satellite & Ancillary database

• Mapping of transport network and settlements

• Quality checking of data and QC report

• Preliminary on-screen interpretation of data

• Semi-automated classification procedure – in

progress

• Ground truthing in 3 taluks of Karnataka

• Development of template for MIS package


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STUDY AREA LISS-IV

PATH/ROW

DATE OF

PASS

LISS-III

PATH/ROW

DATE OF PASS CARTOSAT-1

PATH/ROW

DATE OF PASS

CHIKMAGALUR, BELUR

AND MUDIGERE

98/64 A,C 27–Feb-12 98 64 23-Nov-11 532 334 21-Jan-10

98/64 B,D 03-Feb-12 98 64 27-Feb-12 533 334 20-Mar-09

98/64 A 04-May-13 534 333 17-Dec-08

98/64 A,C 11-Dec-12 534 334,335 28-Dec-08

98/64 B,D 17-Nov-12 535 333 19-Jan-09

535 334,335 02-Apr-10

536 334,335 08-Dec-09

537 334 09-Mar-09

VIRAJPET TALUKA, 98/65 B 03-Feb-12 98 65 27-Feb-12 536 338,339 06-Mar-07

99/65 A 03–Mar-12 99 65 03-Mar-12, 05-Cct-12 537 338,339,340 09-Mar-09

99 65 16-Nov-11, 08-Apr-12 538 339,340 03-Nov-08

99 65 02-Dec-12, 20-Feb-12 539 340 11-Mar-10

99 65 15-Jan-12, 05-Mar-12

VAYITTRI TALUKA 99/65 C 15-Jan-12 99 65 03-mar-12, 05-Oct-12,

16-Nov-11, ,08-Apr-12

538 341,342 03-Nov-08

99/65 C 03–Mar-12 99 65 02-Dec-12, 20-Feb-12,

15-Jan-12, 05-Mar-12

539 341,342 16-May-07

YERCAUD TALUKA 101/65 C 12–Feb-12 549 340,341 28-Oct-08

101/65 C 19-May-13 550 340,341 03-Mar-09

Satellite data used in the project


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Satellite database

LISS – III of Resourcesat-2 ( Multispectral – 24.0 m)

LISS – IV of Resourcesat-2 ( Multispectral – 5.0 m)

Cartosat-1 data (2.5m)

Carto-1 and LISS-IV merged data (2.5 m)

Landsat-ETM data

• Transport network and settlements

• Toposheets of Survey of India at 1:50,000 Scale)

• Digital Elevation Model (DEM) at 10m interval

• Slope and aspect maps at 10 m interval

Ancillary database


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Sl No Parameter Standard

1 Projection for image outputs UTM

2 Datum for image outputs WGS-84

3 Data resolution 2.5 m, 5.0m and 24m

4 Cloud cover in the effective area <10%

5 Interpolation technique NN

6 Order of transformation 2

7 Minimum No. of GCPs to be collected 25

8 Overall RMSE <0.5 pixel

Sl No Parameter Standard

1 Format of the vector layer Shape file

2 Projection for image outputs UTM

3 Datum for image outputs WGS-84

4 Interpretation scale 12500

5 Minimum polygon size 0.05 ha

6 Coordinate units meters

Datasets StandardsRaster data

Vector data


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ORTHOPRODUCT COVERING CHIKMAGALUR TALUQSatellite database - Chikmagalur taluq

Carto-1LISS-IV

Merged data


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ORTHOPRODUCT COVERING MUDIGERE TALUQ

LISS-IV

Carto-1LISS-IV

Merged data

Satellite database - Mudigere taluq


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ORTHOPRODUCT COVERING BELUR TALUQ

LISS

-IVCarto-1LISS-IV

Merged data

Satellite database - Belur taluq


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Based on SOI Toposheets Interactive interpretation of Satellite Data

Preliminary interpretation of coffee plantations

Chikmagalur taluq


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Preliminary interpretation of coffee plantations

Belur taluq

Interactive interpretation of Satellite DataBased on SOI Toposheets


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COFFEE

PLANTATION

CHIKMAGALUR

Preliminary interpretation

Road network

Settlements

Coffee plantations


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MUDIGERE

FOREST

TEA

COFFEEPreliminary interpretation

Road network

Settlements

Coffee plantations


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Preliminary interpretation

COFFE

E

PLANTATION

COFFEE

BELUR


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Merged data

Coffee plantations: classified

Preliminary interpretation : Chikmagalur taluq

Road network


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Merged data Road network

Preliminary interpretation : Belur taluq

Coffee plantations: classified


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LISS-IV and Cartosat-1 merged data

Ground truth (Belur taluq)Robusta variety

Arabica variety

Major challenge: Discrimination of coffee varieties (Robusta and Arabica)

Interpretation of very young coffee plantations

Young plantations

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Area- 15589 Ha

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF COFFEE PLANTATIONS

IN BELUR TALUQ, KARNATAKA

LISS-IV +Cartosat-1 merged data

Coffee plantations

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THANK YOU


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coffee in india · pdf fileconsumption –142 mln. bags in 2012-13 ( 85.2 lakh mt ) 30%...

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