cognitive biases in testing srikanth s krishnan sr. director qa oracle india srikanth s krishnan sr....
TRANSCRIPT
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Cognitive Biases in Testing
Srikanth S KrishnanSr. Director QAOracle India
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What is a Cognitive Bias ?
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It is the human tendency to make systematic errors in certain circumstances based on cognitive factors rather than evidence.
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Heuristics
Statistical mis-estimates
Memory errors
Social Constructs
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Tester’s Delusion Spots
Test Planning
Test Design
Test Advocacy
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Anchoring
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Guess the percentage of African Nations in the
UN.
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Anchoring
Will you be happier if you get a 100% raise?
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Bidding after stating the last 2 digits of social security number
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Why are black pearls more expensive?
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occurs when people consider a particular value for an unknown quantity before estimating that quantity
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Effect on Estimation
New Feature vs. regression testing of existing features
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Effect on Negotiation
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Relativity
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Would you mind walking 5 min to save $10 on a $ 50
pen?
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Would you mind walking 5 min to save $10 on a $ 1000 suit?
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Decoy Effect or Asymmetric dominance effect
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Option A Option B
Coverage 400 300
Cost 3800 2000
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Option A
Option B
Option C
Coverage
400 300 350
Cost 3800 2000 4500
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People not only compare things, but also compare things that are easily comparable.
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The Price of Ownership
Endowment Effect
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How much would you pay for a Coffee Mug ?
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Applies to ideas as well as objects.
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The more effort you put into something the more ownership you feel. IKEA Effect
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Ex. Manager from Finance
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Test repository clean up
Which one will you get rid of?
(assume similar coverage)
Suite1 Created with 100 man days effort
Suite2 Created with 30 man days effort
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Effect of Expectation
Confirmation bias: Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
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How do you get more women in the orchestra?
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Positive vs. negative Test cases.
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Seeing patterns where none exist.
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exist.
exist.
20
12
4
31
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Influence of great UI.
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Negativity Bias
More attention is given to negative than positive experiences
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The lingering effect of a nasty bug.
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Sunk Costs
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Concorde Fallacy
“I have spent so much time doing the setups.”
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Concorde Fallacy
Why test a build that has been obsoleted?
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Paradox of Choice
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Concorde Fallacy
More is not always better
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Burn your bridges
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Concorde Fallacy
Why don’t we keep this server just in case?
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Procrastination
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Concorde Fallacy
Choose your own deadline
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Concorde Fallacy
The hockey-stick effort curve
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Concorde Fallacy
Milestones and distributed deadlines
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Resurrection to Rationality
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overcoming
channeling
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References and Acknowledgements
Predictably Irrational – Dan ArielyNudge – Thaler & SunsteinBlink – Malcolm GladwellSway – Brafman (Ori & Rom)Wikipedia