coherent phase control of electronic transitions in gallium arsenide robert j. gordon, sima singha,...
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Coherent Phase Control of Electronic Transitions in
Gallium Arsenide
Robert J. Gordon, Sima Singha, and Zhan HuDepartment of Chemistry
University of Illinois at Chicago
FRISNO 11 Aussois, FranceMarch 31, 2011
F. Crim
Passive Control
Active Control
JPC
Outline
• Motivation and methods
• Results from open loop experiments
• Results from closed loop experiments
• Proposed mechanism
• Conclusions
Cut in Decemet’s Membrane
6 ns, 1064 nm
30 ps, 1064 nm
Vogel, et al., Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 35, 3033 (1997)
Surface Modification with Ultrafast Pulses
Stoian, et al., Appl.Phys.Lett. 80, 353 (2002)
SEM images of the ablation craters on GaAs 1, 5 and 5+1 pulse trains
Outline
• Motivation and methods
• Results from open loop experiments
• Results from closed loop experiments
• Proposed mechanism
• Conclusions
Phys. Rev. B 82, 115205 (2010)
LIBS/Photoluminescence Spectrum
Effect of Laser Polarization
PL Signal at 450.8 nm
Control Landscape
Effects of Polarization and Incidence Angle
Effect of Laser Fluence
Effect of Laser Phase
Outline
• Motivation and methods
• Results from open loop experiments
• Results from closed loop experiments
• Proposed mechanism
• Conclusions
Closed Loop Control
Sine phase optimized for 390-450 nm
sine phase optimized for 420-440 nm
random phase optimized for 390-450 nm
J. Phy. Chem. A (in press)
20100528-115537PRB paper graph
Optimum Pulse Shapes for Open and Closed Loops
Effect of Laser Fluence
Effect of Laser Polarization on Optimized PL Spectrum
Effect of Laser Phase on Open-Loop Spectrum
Effect of Laser Phase on Closed-Loop Spectrum
Outline
• Motivation and methods
• Results from open loop experiments
• Results from closed loop experiments
• Proposed mechanism
• Conclusions
Mechanistic Questions
• Where does the new band come from?
• How is it possible to excite optical phonons at fluences above the threshold for melting?
• How does light couple to the plasma?
• How does energy couple to the phonons?
• Where does the coherence come from?
Ratio of double pulse to single pulse fluorescence as a function of delay time and total energy
Si<111>
App. Phys. Lett. 90, 131910 (2007), J. Appl. Phys. 104, 113520 (2008)
• Dispersion relation for a light wave in a plasma:
• Critical density:
• Index of refraction:
• Total reflection:
peL
LpeL ck
2222
2
2
4 e
mn Lecr
2
22 11
L
pe
cr
e
n
nn
22 cos;sin)( cre nnz
Light Propagation in a Plasma
Brunel or vacuum heating
Comparison of Closed and Open-Loop Pulses
Conclusions• Coherent control of carrier recombination was achieved
at fluences well above the damage threshold.• The primary mechanism for open loop control appears to
be phonon-hole scattering, with trapping of carriers in the L-valley.
• Brunel (ponderomotive) heating launches ballistic electrons that excite the phonons.
• Effect of laser phase suggests a competition between photoemission and phonon excitation.
• Random phase optimization appears to converge to a different control pathway.
Yaoming Lu, Youbo Zhao, Slobodan MilasinovicJohn Penczak, Sima Singha, Zhan Hu
Supported by NSF, USAF Surgeon General, UIC
TmmA /2sin 0
Time Delay Scans
Properties of the Optimum Pulse vs. Fluence