colangiocarcinoma

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Colangioca rcinoma UMAE Manuel Ávila Camacho Pérez Rubio Nalleli Adriana Residente de segundo año de cirugía general

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Page 1: Colangiocarcinoma

ColangiocarcinomaUMAE Manuel Ávila CamachoPérez Rubio Nalleli Adriana

Residente de segundo año de cirugía general

Page 2: Colangiocarcinoma

Epidemiologia

• Necropsias 0.3%

• 1.0/100 000h

• 3000 casos nuevos

• 1.3-1 H:M

• 50-70 años

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 3: Colangiocarcinoma

Definición

“ Involucra a todos los tumores originados en la vía biliar”

• Intrahepáticos 20-25%

• Extrahepáticos (tumores hiliares: Klastkin)

• 50-60%

• 20-25% distales

• 5% multifocal

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 4: Colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 5: Colangiocarcinoma

Factores de riesgo

No en mayoría de pacientes• Edad 65 años 65 % • Colangitis primaria esclerosante 5-15%

tabaquismo• Coledocolitiasis• Enf caroli 7%• Cáncer vesicular• Quiste coledociano 5%• Infecciones: asiaVHC: intrahepáticos

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 6: Colangiocarcinoma

Diagnostico molecular

• Es asociado con la inactivación de los genes supresores p53, APC, Smad-4, bcl-2, p16

• Mutación en oncogenes K-ras, c-myc, c-erB-2, c-neu

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 7: Colangiocarcinoma

Diagnóstico

• En estadios tempranos es asintomático

• Intrahepático con síntomas inespecíficos

• Extrahepático: síntomas obstructivos

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 8: Colangiocarcinoma

• PFH con patron obstructivo

• FA 5 veces

• Transaminasas 1-2 veces

• Una obstrucción prolongada Vit A D E y K

• Hb, albumina y DHL

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 9: Colangiocarcinoma

Ca 19.9

• No es especifico 85% pac

• 100U/ml S 75% y E 80%.

• Ictericia persistencia descompresión

• No distingue entre carcinoma gástrico o pancreático, incluso de lesión hepática severa

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 10: Colangiocarcinoma

ACE y Ca 125

• ACE 30%

• Puede elevarse en EII, obstruccion biliar, otros tumores y lesión hepática severa

• Ca 125 se eleva en el 40-50% de los pacientes con colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 11: Colangiocarcinoma

USG

• Primera línea obstrucción de vía biliar

• La lesión intrahepática puede ser vista como una masa pero es inusual

• El USG doppler puede detectar la compresión de la porta o arteria hepática

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 12: Colangiocarcinoma

TAC y RM

• TAC: Provee buenas imágenes acerca de lesiones intrahepaticas, dilatación de ductos intrahepaticos.

• RM provee información acerca de la anatomía del árbol biliar, extensión local de tumor y anormalidades en el parénquima hepático

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 13: Colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 14: Colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 15: Colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 16: Colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 17: Colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 18: Colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 19: Colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 20: Colangiocarcinoma

Patología y estadificación

• 90% adenocarcinomas

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 21: Colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 22: Colangiocarcinoma

Bismuth

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 23: Colangiocarcinoma

TNM

• Tx: no se puede evaluar

• T0: no evidencia

• Tis: in situ

• T1: a (tejido subepitelial) y b (plano fibromuscular)

• T2: invade tejido fibromuscular

• T3 Estructutas adyacentesHepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 24: Colangiocarcinoma

• Nx: no pueden ser evaluados

• N0: no ay ganglios

• N1: pericoledocianos

• N2: peripancreaticos, periduodenales, periportales, celiacos, msentericos superiores, pancreatico duodenales posteriores

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 25: Colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 26: Colangiocarcinoma

Chamberlain

• T1: confluencia pero sin infiltración de vena porta

• T2: confluencia con atrofia pero sin infiltración

• T3:confluencia, con infiltración de rama portal

• T4: ambos hepáticos y compromiso del tronco de la vena

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 27: Colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 28: Colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Tratamiento intrahepaticos

• Cirugía única.

• Lobectomia que envuelve el tumor o segmento que lo contiene.

• La sobrevida a los 5 años es del 20-43%

Page 29: Colangiocarcinoma

seguimiento

• R0 podrian ser candidatos a quimioterapia

• R1 margenes microscopicos positivos

• R2 enfermedad local residual

Tx incluye local resección, terapia ablativa, quimioradiación con fluoropirimidina

Quimioterapia con Fluoropirimidina o gemcitabina

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 30: Colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Con enfermedad irresecable

• Quimioterapia fluoropirimidina o gemcitabina

• Quimiorradiacion con fluoropirimidina

• Medidas paliativas

Page 31: Colangiocarcinoma

Tratamiento extrahepáticos

• Resección completa es el principal manejo

• Supervivencia del 20-40% en pac con tumor hiliar, 37% en lesiones de tercio distal

• Tumores pequeños pueden ser resecados solamente y realizar linfadenectomia

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 32: Colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

seguimiento

• Drenaje: colangitis 10%

• R0 observacion unicamente o recibir quimioterapia con fluoropirimidina o gemcitabina

• R1 o R2, carcinoma in situ o ganglios regionales positivos las opciones pueden ser:

. Quimiorrradiacion con fluoropirimidina

. Quimioterapia con fluoropirimidina o gemcitabina

Page 33: Colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

• La biopsia tambien es recomendada para confirmar el diagnostico antes de iniciar algun otro tratamiento.

• Otras opciones de tratamiento incluyen

• Quimioradiacion con fluoropirimidina

• Quimioterapia con fluoropirimidina o gemcitabina

• paliación

Page 34: Colangiocarcinoma

• Terapia fotodinámica

• IV de una droga fotosensitiva

• Radiacion con luz de ondas especificas

• Activacion local de la droga y es usada para la paliación

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 35: Colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Seguimiento

• El seguimiento de los pac con reseccion debe de incluir estudios de imagen cada 6 meses por 2 años

Page 36: Colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

El papel de la quimioterapia

• Debido a la baja incidencia de los coalngiocarcinomas la mayoria de los estudios se encuentran en fase 2. por lo que no hay indicaciones especificas

• El rol de la adyuvancia también esta pobremente definida. No hay estudios a largo plazo que lo definan.

Page 37: Colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 38: Colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

Page 39: Colangiocarcinoma

Hepatobiliary Cancer. National Comprehesive Cancer Network. 2009 S A Khan. Guilines for the diagnosis and treatment of colangiocarcinoma: consensus document. 2002

• Intrahepaticos: lobectomía

• Tipo l y ll: reseccion de toda la via biliar extrahepatica, colecistectomia, linfadenectomia, anastomosis hepatico yeyunal

• Tipo lll: lobectomia hepatica derecha o izquierda

• Tipo IV: lobectomia hepatica extendida