Cold War Hot Spots

Unit 4

Lesson 11

Objectives:

Describe how Communists rose to power in China and how the US reacted.Explain why the US became involved in the affairs of Korea and summarize the events of the war.Identify other Cold War “hot spots.”Explain how US foreign policy changed through the course of the Cold War.

Warm Up

How did the Red Scare manifest itself in the US?

FELP- LRB

HUAC

Espionage Cases

McCarthyism

Review

Subversion: an attempt to transform the established social order and its structures of power, authority, and hierarchy

Communists Take China- 1949Chinese Civil War (28-38)

Nationalists: Chiang Kai-shekCommunists: Mao Zedong

Unite to fight WW2… temporaryPeople’s Republic of China

Mao’s CommunistsChou En-lai - Premier

Republic of China – aka Taiwan (Formosa)

Chiang’s NationalistsRecognized as official govt (US & UN)

Communists Take China- 1949

Reading Activity with worksheet

The Korean War

Japan occupied Korea from 1910-1945

Post WW2, Korea divided at 38th Parallel

USSR in North

US in South

Goal: reunification

UN in North Korea

USSR refuses UN-sponsored elections…

Republic of Korea in Seoul, S. Korea (Pres. Syngman Rhee)

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in Pyongyang, N. Korea (Kim Il Sung)

Occupying troops withdrew 48 & 49.

Close Reading Activity: Letter from Fredrick Brown Harris to Truman

Summarize both the letter to and the letter from Truman. You should have at least 1-2 sentences per paragraph.

What were the purposes of these letters?

What is the tone of each letter?

Open HostilitiesJune to Sept- North captures Seoul, most S. Korea!

Sept to Oct – Mac pushes back…to Chinese border!

Nov to Jan 51- Chinese get involved to stop US from entering China… push back to 38th parallel

“America in the 20th Century: The Cold War- Start of the Korean War”

Butting Heads

MacArthur : Invade China! Truman: No!

MacArthur appeals to media, criticizes Truman

Mac fired April 11, 1951.

Armistice1951-1953 stuck at 38th…nothing gained, much lost (54k dead, $67b)

Soviets suggest ceasefire38th Parallel

Demilitarized Zone

Exchange of POW’s

NK/UN signed July 1953No official NK/SK Treaty!“America in the 20th Century:

The Cold War- MacArthur and the Armistice”

Think-Pair-Share: Impact of Korea

How did the Korean War impact the United States and

its relation to the Soviet Union?

How has the Korean War impacted the Korean

Peninsula today?

Impact of Korea

UN gains authorityHostilities in Korea continue

N. Korea still communistUS commit to containment

US precedent for future intervention (Vietnam)

US rejects Dem Party, elects Republican Ike

Military-industrial complex

Eisenhower and the Cold War

Brinksmanship1949- Soviet A Bomb

Nov 52/Aug 53- H Bomb

John Foster DullesUse “full force”

NSC triples defense $

Deterrance

MAD Arms RaceAir Raid Drills Bomb Shelters“Living Under the Button”

Cold War Takes to the SkiesOct 4, 1957- Sputnik

Fear ICBM attackReading

US tries to duplicate and failsNASA

National Defense Education Act

U2 IncidentUS spy plane shot down over USSR

Other Confrontations

Asia: US doesn’t sign Geneva Accords, gives aid to S.Vietnam

Middle East: US supports creation Israel (‘47), Eisenhower Doctrine (‘57) after Suez Crisis – US force against communist aggression in ME

Latin America – Rio Pact & OAS Treaties

Kennedy & Flexible Response

Cuba: Recognize Castro (’59) then break off relations (’61)

1961 Bay of Pigs: CIA trains Cuban exiles in Cuba to overthrow Castro regime…Fails…JFK embarrassed

1962 Cuban Missile Crisis:Spy planes detect USSR missile sites in Cuba, world on edge for 13 days until Khruschev falters and agrees to remove. US-USSR Hotline

LBJ and Communism

Concerns tied up in Vietnam…to be discussed later

Nixon & A New Foreign Policy• Henry Kissinger –

Realpolitik

• Détente- Cooling of tension …“peaceful coexistence”• May 72 – 1st Pres to visit

• Brezhnev & SALT I

• China & Ping Pong Diplomacy• ‘71 end travel ban & trade

embargo

• ’72 Visit (1st Pres ever)

               

                            

Cold War Ends

Reagan vs. Evil EmpireArms Race

Space Race – Star Wars

Soviet Union Falls

Apart (see Unit 1!)

Closure

What was US level of involvement in the Korean War?

How did Containment fail/succeed?