cold war - classes.midlandstech.edu · suez crisis & eisenhower doctrine ... kennedy in office...
TRANSCRIPT
The 1950s
Welcome!
These mini-lectures are an overview of your assigned readings—they should provide better understanding of what you are reading!
Just listen (if audio is provided, it plays automatically), then read the slide, and use the next arrowhead. If you are viewing this in PDF, use the down arrow at the top of the pdf.
Contents:
Baby BoomersTelevisionNew cultures and consumerismIke—at home & in foreign policyInterstate Highway ActSuez Crisis & Eisenhower DoctrineArms RaceBomb SheltersKennedy in Office & Cuban Missile CrisisConclusions.
A brief post test.
FIFTIES
• TVs
• INTERSTATES
• TAIL FINS
• ROCK ANDROLL
ALSO• LITTLE ROCK,
AK
• COLD WAR
• MID EAST CRISIS
• AND CASTRO IN CUBA
BABY BOOMERS
• MORE BIRTHS
• INCREASEDDEMAND
• YOUNGER BUYERS
ENTER….. TV
• KFAUVER HEARINGS
• 1952 CONVENTIONS
• SIT COMS
• MUSIC & VARIETY
Philo Farnsworth, 1934
21 Inches!!
Sex Appeal
COMEDY
HOWDY DOODY
Davy Crockett
• 1.5MIL NEW HOMES• 300% MORE FURNITURE• 400% MORE MOWERS
RECREATION
• MUSICAL INSTR.
• GIN CONSUMPTION
• OUTBOARD MOTORS
• BICYCLES…..
CHANGING ECONOMY
• 4,000 MERGERS—MAKING U.S. COMPNAIES BIGGER
• GNP UP 250%
• “ESCALATOR CLAUSES” AIDED WORKERS
• 1/3 WIVES WORKED
CARS
Thunderbird
SALES
IKE
PRESIDENT
• KEPT NEW DEAL
• INTERSTATES
• FAILED IN FARM POLICY
• ST. LAWRENCE
• ENERGY ACT
Interstate System
• Ike’s idea
• Graduated tax on gas
• $175 Million to start
• Then a major trust fund & 60-40 match
Highway Act of 1956
St Lawrence Seaway
H-BOMB 1952
FOREIGN POLICY
• CHANGES
–COMPETE OPENLY FOR ALLIES
–RHETORIC OF GOOD V. EVIL INCREASES
–BRINKMANSHIP—THREAT OF WAR
–MASSIVE RETALIATION CAPABILITIES
– SECRET WARS OF CIA
–NEW ARENAS—Middle East & Vietnam
FAILED SPIRIT OF GENEVA
• 1955—IKE MEETS NEW SOVIET LEADERS
• TALK OF PEACEFUL CO-EXISTENCE
• NO AGREEMENTS REACHED
• 1956--POLES RIOT—NO U.S. HELP
• 1957—HUNGARAIN RIOTS—NO U.S. HELP
BULGANIN/KHRUSCHEV
MIDDLE EASTPOLICY?
MIDDLE EAST BACKGROUND
• BRITISH/FRENCH INFLUENCE
• U.S. HAD LITTLE INTEREST
• OIL IMPORTANCE POST WWII
• U.S. RECOGNIZES NEW STATE OF ISRAEL—ANGERING MUSLIMS
IN IRAN, 1955
DEFENSE PACT WITH SHAH
IN EGYPT
GAMAL ABDEL NASSAR
SUEZ CANAL CONFLICT ‘56
• NASSAR CREATES ANTI-ISRAEL LEAGUE
• U.S. WITHDRAWS SUPPORT FOR ASWAN & NASSAR SIEZES CANAL
• ENGLAND & FRANCE TAKE CANAL
• IKE ANGRY WHEN U.S. LEFT OUT
• U.N. ACTION AGAINST ENGLAND AND FRANCE
EISENHOWER DOCTRINE
• FEARING MORE MIDDLE EAST TROUBLE--1957
• CONGRESS GIVES PRESIDENT SPECIAL POWER
• USE OF TROOPS FOR PRESERVATION OF PEACE IN THE “MIDDLE EASTERN” REGION
IKE’S PLAN
• LIBERATION
• OR MASSIVE RETALIATION
• AND DETERRANCE
NEW WORDS
• DOMINO THEORY
• BRINKMANSHIP
• SPUTNIK
• POLARIS
Sputnik
ARMS RACE
• MISSILES
• POLARIS SUB
• 1958--NASA
• DEPLOYED– EUROPE
– S. AMERICA
• Educational Changes
ASIA TOO...
• Geneva Accords divides Vietnam
• IKE organizes SEATO
• FORMOSA/TIAWAN
– Threats of US backed forces invading China
–NEAR WAR 1955
– IKE THREATENS NUCLEAR FORCE…CRISIS PASSED….
MALL
SHELTER
POLIO DEFEATED 1955
REBEL WITHOUT A
CAUSE
“ON BLUEBERRY
HILL”
Fabian, “Turn Me Loose”
Allen Ginsberg, “Howl”
I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked, dragging
themselves through the negro streets at dawn looking for an angry fix,
angelheaded hipsters burning for the ancient heavenly connection to the starry dynamo in the machinery of
night,
THE NEW FRONTIER
JFK’s ELECTION
• SHREWD PLANNING
–RELIGION A PLUS
–CRITICIZED MISSILE GAP
–BROTHER ROBERT
• TV DEBATE
JFK
WORLD SUCCESS
• PEACE CORPS
–COOL AMERICAN IDEALS
–VS. SOVIET CRUDENESS
• 1961 ANOTHER BERLIN CRISIS
MANY FAILURES
• BAY OF PIGS APRIL ‘61
–CUBAN EXILES
–TRAINED BY CIA
–CASTRO POPULAR
–ORGANIZATION A JOKE
MISSILE CRISIS
• SOVIETS IN CUBA
• OCT. 1962--BLOCKADE
• SERIES OF CABLES
• STANDOFF
–MISSILES OUT...
Decade of 1950s
• Cold War escalates
• Threats of nuclear war made
• Prosperity at Home for many (TV’s & Cars)
• Youth oriented culture & economy
• Other troubling transitions
–Escalation in Vietnam
–Civil Rights debates grow
A Brief Post Test! Read the question, then click on the best answer to see feedback.1. The 1950s baby boom meant a growing population. True. False.2. TV viewers grew with the coverage of the 1952 Republican Convention. True. False.3. Most TV programs succeeded, but Howdy Doody was a bust. True. False.4. Due to alack of funds few new homes were built in the 1950s. True. False.5. There was a boom in recreational spending in the 1950s. True. False.6. The U.S. economy featured large corporations in the 1950s. True. False.7. Ike’s idea of an Interstate system was finally funded privately. True. False.8. The Geneva Spirit lead to talks with the Soviets, but no agreements. True. False.9. After World War II our dependence on mid east oil declined. True. False.10. The Eisenhower Doctrine focused on the Middle East. True. False.11. Russia’s launch of Sputnik had little impact in the U.S. True. False.12. JFK’s Peace Corps was a successful Cold War program. True. False.13. The Cuban Missile Crisis nearly resulted in atomic war. True. False.